List of heads of state of Argentina
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List of Heads of State (Presidents, Directors and Dictators, etc.) of Argentina.
(Dates in italics indicate de facto continuation of office; names in bold indicates a nickname (etc.) by which the individual is commonly known)
Contents |
[edit] After Independence
After its independence in 1816, Argentina was a federation without an effective central government. In those years, it was first known as Provincias Unidas del Río de la Plata (United Provinces of the Plate river) and later as Provincias Unidas de Sud América (United Provinces of South America).
| Term | Incumbent |
|---|---|
| January 31, 1814 to January 9, 1815 | Gervasio Antonio de Posadas, Supreme Director |
| January 9, 1815 to April 15, 1815 | Carlos María de Alvear, Supreme Director |
| April 18, 1815 to April 20, 1815 | Juan José Viamonte González, Supreme Director |
| April 20, 1815 to April 16, 1816 | José Ignacio Álvarez Thomas, Supreme Director |
| April 16, 1816 to July 9, 1816 | Antonio González de Balcarce, Supreme Director |
| July 9, 1816 to June 9, 1819 | Juan Martín de Pueyrredón y O'Dogan, Supreme Director |
| June 9, 1819 to February 11, 1820 | José Casimiro Rondeau, Supreme Director |
| February 11, 1820 to February 16, 1820 | Juan Pedro Julián Aguirre y López de Anaya, acting Supreme Director |
[edit] The first Presidential Government
After an unsuccessful attempt of establishing a constitution in 1819, a new constitution was established in 1826, the first one creating a figure of President for the executive power of the country. This constitution, however, was short-lived, mainly because of grave conflict with Brazil, which moved its first president to resignation and caused the dissolution of this executive position shortly after.
| Term | Incumbent | Affiliation | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| February 8, 1826 to July 7, 1827 | Bernardino de la Trinidad Gónzalez Rivadavia , President | Uni | Resigned |
| July 7, 1827 to August 18, 1827 | Alejandro Vicente López y Planes, Interim President | Con | Dissolution of national government |
[edit] The Argentine Confederation
After the dissolution of the Presidential Government, Argentina was without an effective central government for another 28 years. By that time, the country began to be commonly known as Confederación Argentina (Argentine Confederation). The role most near to that of a president was the role of the Governor of the Province of Buenos Aires, who, apart of being governor of his province, was designated by the other provinces as 'Chairman of Foreign Relations' with foreign states. The last Chairman of Foreign Relations, Juan Manuel de Rosas stood in power for a long period of time, and he was overthrown by his General-in-Chief Justo José de Urquiza, which lead to a transitional period before the next presidential period began.
| Term | Incumbent | Affiliation | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1827 to December 1828 | General Manuel Dorrego | Fed | Governor of the Province of Buenos Aires |
| December 1829 to December 1832 | General Juan Manuel José Domingo Ortiz de Rosas | Fed | Governor of the Province of Buenos Aires |
| December 1832 to 1833 | Juan Ramón González de Balcarce | Governor of the Province of Buenos Aires | |
| 1833 to 1834 | Juan José Viamonte González | Governor of the Province of Buenos Aires | |
| 1834 to March 1835 | Manuel Vicente Maza | Governor of the Province of Buenos Aires | |
| March 1835 to September 20, 1851 | General Juan Manuel José Domingo Ortiz de Rosas | Fed | Governor of the Province of Buenos Aires |
| September 20, 1851 to February 3, 1852 | General Juan Manuel José Domingo Ortiz de Rosas, Supreme Chief of the Confederation | Fed | Governor of the Province of Buenos Aires |
| February 1852 to May 31, 1852 | Alejandro Vicente López y Planes (Head of Government) | ||
| May 31, 1852 to March 5, 1854 | General Justo José de Urquiza, provisional Director | Fed |
[edit] The Argentine Republic
The last Chairman of Foreign Relations, Justo José de Urquiza, organized a constitutional convention that composed the Constitution of 1853. This constitution resuscitated the figure of the President, and the presidents elected hereafter are often described as 'constitutional presidents', as they portray the presidential figure as described by the constitution that, through its amendments, is still effective in Argentina to this day.
| Term | Incumbent | Affiliation | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| March 5, 1854 to March 5, 1860 | General Justo José de Urquiza, President | Fed | |
| February/March 5, 1860 to November 5, 1861 | Santiago Derqui, President | Fed | Resigned |
| November 5, 1861 to December 12, 1861 | Juan Esteban Pedernera, acting President | Mil |
In the Battle of Pavón, the rivalry between the Argentine Republic and the State of Buenos Aires was decided in favour of the latter entity, resulting in the dissolution of the national authorities of Argentina. The victor Governor of Buenos Aires, Bartolomé Mitre, acted as president then, and elections later ratified him in his charge, becoming then the first president of a united Argentina. It was by this time that the country became commonly known as República Argentina (Argentine Republic).
The governments hereafter are regarded by most historians (except obviously for governments established by coup d'etáts) as being the ones that were elected by free and universal vote.
| October 12, 1916 to October 12, 1922 | Dr Juan Hipólito Yrigoyen, President | UCR | or Irigoyen, First term |
| October 12, 1922 to October 12, 1928 | Dr Máximo Marcelo Torcuato de Alvear, President | UCR | |
| October 12, 1928 to September 6, 1930 | Dr Juan Hipólito Yrigoyen, President | UCR | or Irigoyen, Second term, Removed from Office |
In 1930 the first military coup d'etat occurred in Argentine history. The resulting leader, who assumed the title of president, was followed in the charge by other presidents who, as regarded by most historians, were not elected by transparent vote as the presidents who had preceded them.
| September 6, 1930 to February 20, 1932 | General José Félix Benito Uriburu, President | Mil | De facto |
| February 20, 1932 to February 20, 1938 | General Agustín Pedro Justo, President | CC | |
| February 20, 1938 to June 27, 1942 | Dr Jaime Gerardo Roberto Marcelino María Ortiz, President | PDN | Died in office |
| August 12, 1940 to June 27, 1942 | Dr Ramón S. Castillo Barrionuevo, acting President | PDN | For Ortiz, Removed from office |
| June 27, 1942 to June 4, 1943 | Dr Ramón S. Castillo Barrionuevo, President | UCR | Deposed in a coup d'état |
In 1943, another coup d'état occurred, bringing in a new line of military presidents:
| June 4, 1943 to June 7, 1943 | General Arturo Rawson Corvalán, President of the Provisional Government | Mil | De facto, Removed from office |
| June 7, 1943 to February 24, 1944 | Pedro Pablo Ramírez, President of the Provisional Government | Mil | De facto, Resigned |
| February 24, 1944 to June 4, 1946 | Edelmiro Julián Farrell, President | Mil | De facto |
After the de facto government, a new president was elected by popular vote, one who amended the constitution enabling his reelection, and stood in power for nine years until he was deposed:
| June 4, 1946 to June 4, 1952 | Colonel Juan Domingo Perón, President | Mil/PL/PP/PJ | First term |
| June 4, 1952 to September 21, 1955 | Colonel Juan Domingo Perón, President | Mil/PL/PP/PJ | Second term, Removed from office |
1955 military coup, also known as Revolución Libertadora (Liberating Revolution):
| September 21, 1955 to September 23, 1955 | Military Junta:- | ||
| José Domingo Molina Gómez, Chairman of Military Junta | Mil | De facto, Interim | |
| September 23, 1955 to November 13, 1955 | General Eduardo A. Lonardi, de facto President | Mil | De facto, Resigned |
| November 13, 1955 to May 1, 1958 | General Pedro Eugenio Aramburu, de facto President | Mil | De facto |
Restoration of an elected president, later deposed by a coup, succeeded by constitutional mechanisms, and this president succeeded by free election, later deposed:
| May 1, 1958 to March 29, 1962 | Dr Arturo Frondizi, President | UCRI | Removed from office |
| March 29, 1962 to October 12, 1963 | Dr José María Guido, acting President | UCRI | President of the Senate |
| October 12, 1963 to June 28, 1966 | Dr Arturo Umberto Illia, President | UCRP | Removed from office |
1966 military coup, known as Revolución Argentina (Argentine Revolution):
| June 28, 1966 to June 29, 1966 | Revolutionary Junta:
Pascual Ángel Pistarini,Benigno Ignacio Marcelino Varela Barnadou and Adolfo Teodoro Álvarez Melendi |
Mil | |
| June 29, 1966 to June 8, 1970 | General Juan Carlos Onganía, de facto President | Mil | Interim, Removed from office |
| June 8, 1970 to June 18, 1970 | Military Junta:- | ||
| Pedro Alberto José Gnavi, Chairman of the Junta of Commanders | Mil | ||
| June 18, 1970 to March 22, 1971 | Brigadier-General Roberto Marcelo Levingston, de facto President | Mil | De facto, Removed from office |
| March 22, 1971 to March 25, 1971 | Military Junta:- | ||
| General Alejandro Agustin Lanusse, Chairman of the Junta of Commanders | Mil | De facto, Removed from office | |
| March 26, 1971 to May 25, 1973 | General Alejandro Agustin Lanusse, de facto President | Mil | |
New democratical restoration, short-lived because of political turmoil:
| May 25, 1973 to July 13, 1973 | Dr Héctor José Cámpora, President | FJL | Resigned |
| July 14, 1973 to October 12, 1973 | Dr Raúl Alberto Lastiri, Interim President | FJL | For Cámpora, Interim |
| October 12, 1973 to July 1, 1974 | General Juan Domingo Perón, President | PJ | Third term, Died in office |
| June 29, 1974 to July 1, 1974 | Señora Isabel María Estela Martínez de Perón, acting President | PJ | For Gen. Perón, Removed from office |
| July 1, 1974 to September 13, 1975 | Señora Isabel María Estela Martínez de Perón, President | PJ | |
| September 13, 1975 to October 16, 1975 | Ítalo Argentino Lúder, acting President | PJ | For Isabel Perón |
| October 16, 1975 to March 24, 1976 | Señora Isabel María Estela Martínez de Perón, President | PJ | Deposed in a coup d'état |
1976 military coup, known as Proceso de Reorganización Nacional, the last coup of this kind recorded in Argentine history to this day:
| March 24, 1976 to March 29, 1976 | Military Junta:
Jorge Rafael Videla, Emilio Eduardo Massera and Orlando Ramón Agosti |
Mil | |
| March 29, 1976 to March 29, 1981 | General Jorge Rafael Videla, de facto President | Mil | De facto |
| March 29, 1981 to December 11, 1981 | Roberto Eduardo Viola, de facto President | Mil | De facto, Resigned |
| December 11, 1981 to December 22, 1981 | Carlos Alberto Lacoste, de facto President | Mil | De facto, Interim |
| December 22, 1981 to June 18, 1982 | Leopoldo Fortunato Galtieri, de facto President | Mil | De facto, Interim |
| June 18, 1982 to July 1, 1982 | Alfredo Oscar Saint Jean, de facto President | Mil | De facto, Interim |
| July 1, 1982 to December 10, 1983 | Reynaldo Benito Antonio Bignone, de facto President | Mil | De facto |
The year 1983 recorded the last transition from military to civil elected authorities in Argentine history, also known as the 'Return of democracy':
| December 10, 1983 to July 8, 1989 | Raúl Ricardo Alfonsín, President | UCR | Resigned |
| July 8, 1989 to July 8, 1995 | Carlos Saúl Menem, President | PJ | First term |
A new constitutional amendment in 1994 re-enabled presidential reelection (abolished in 1957), leading to a second term of the current president. The succeeding president, Fernando de la Rúa, resigned due to the Argentine economic crisis, leading to a line of interim presidents, concluding in the election of the current president as of 2007:
| July 8, 1995 to December 10, 1999 | Carlos Saúl Menem, President | PJ | Second term |
| December 10, 1999 to December 21, 2001 | Fernando de la Rúa, President | UCR/AL | Resigned |
| December 21, 2001 to December 23, 2001 | Federico Ramón Puerta, Acting head of the executive branch | PJ | For De la Rúa, Interim |
| December 23, 2001 to December 31, 2001 | Adolfo Rodríguez Saá, President | PJ | Elected in Congress Assembled, Resigned |
| December 31, 2001 to January 2, 2002 | Eduardo Oscar Camaño, Acting head of the executive branch | PJ | For Rodríguez Saá, Interim |
| January 2, 2002 to May 25, 2003 | Eduardo Alberto Duhalde, President | PJ | Elected in Congress Assembled, Resigned |
| May 25, 2003 to December 10, 2007 | Néstor Carlos Kirchner, President | PJ | |
| December 10, 2007 to Present | Cristina Elisabet Fernández de Kirchner, President | PJ |
[edit] Affiliations
| AL | Alianza | Alliance for Work, Justice and Education, centre-left coalition |
| Aut | Autonomista | (Autonomist) |
| CC | Concordancista | (Concordance) |
| Fed | Federal | (Federalist) |
| Con | Conciliador | (Conciliator) |
| Lib | Liberal | |
| Mil | Military | |
| MPF | Movimiento Popular Fueguino | (Tierra del Fuego Popular Movement) |
| PAN | Partido Autonomista Nacional | (National Autonomist Party) |
| PC | Partido Conservador | (Conservative Party) |
| PL | Partido Laborista | (Labor Party) from 1947: PP |
| PJ | Partido Justicialista | (Justicialist Party) centrist, personalist, ex-Partido Peronista |
| PP | Partido Peronista | (Peronist Party) conservative, Juan Perón personalist |
| UC | Unión Cívica | (Civic Union) |
| UCR | Unión Cívica Radical | (Radical Civic Union) |
| UCRI | Unión Cívica Radical Intransigente | (Radical Civic Union-Intransigent) |
| UCRP | Unión Cívica Radical del Pueblo | (Radical Civic Union of the People) |
| Uni | Unitario | (Unitarian) |
| edit this box | ||
[edit] External links
- Rulers.org — Argentina list of rulers for Argentina
