List of elements by density

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This is a list of the chemical elements, sorted by density measured at standard temperature and pressure. (The first elements from hydrogen to radon are gases at normal room temperatures.)

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Name Symbol Density (g/cm³) Atomic number Description/Mohs' hardness Color Notes
Hydrogen H 0.00008988 1 gas diatomic
Helium He 0.0001785 2 noble gas lowest boiling and melting points of any element
Neon Ne 0.0008999 10 noble gas
Nitrogen N 0.0012506 7 gas diatomic
Oxygen O 0.001429 8 gas diatomic
Fluorine F 0.001696 9 halogen gas yellow-green or yellowish brown
Argon Ar 0.0017837 18 noble gas
Chlorine Cl 0.003214 17 halogen gas yellowish green or greenish yellow
Krypton Kr 0.003733 36 noble gas forms compounds with fluorine and clathrates with water
Xenon Xe 0.005887 54 noble gas Forms compounds with chlorine and fluorine, and a few others.
Radon Rn 0.00973 86 noble gas radioactive, comes from radium
Lithium Li 0.534 3 0.6
silvery white/gray		 used in batteries
Potassium K 0.862 19 0.4
silvery white		 forms many compounds, essential nutrient in plants and animals
Sodium Na 0.971 11 0.5
waxy, silvery white		 burns with a yellow flame, reacts violently with water, and oxidizes in air necessitating storage in an inert environment
Rubidium Rb 1.532 37 0.3
silvery-white		 low melting point, reacts violently with water like sodium
Calcium Ca 1.54 20 1.75
gray		 reacts slowly with water, tarnishes quickly in air
Magnesium Mg 1.738 12 2.5
silvery metallic		 brittle, flammable, used in lightweight alloys, burns with a bright flame
Phosphorus P 1.82 15 nonmetal
waxy white/ red/ black/ colorless		 Due to its high reactivity, it is never found as a free element in nature. Phosphorus compounds are essential to living things
Beryllium Be 1.85 4 5.5
gray metallic		 brittle, toxic, used in lightweight alloys, e.g. spacecraft and missiles.
Francium Fr 1.87 87 radioactive alkali metal alkali metal isotope found in uranium and thorium ores, reacts explosively with air and water.
Caesium Cs 1.873 55 0.2
silvery gold		 liquid at or near room temperature, very reactive, reacts explosively with water.
Sulphur S 2.067 16 2.0
lemon yellow
Carbon C 2.267 6 10.0 (diamond) colorless
Carbon C 3.513 6 1-2 (graphite)
black
Silicon Si 2.3296 14 6.5 metalloid
dark gray, bluish tinge		 Used in semiconductors and electronics.
Boron B 2.34 5 9.3
black/brown/ amorphous boron is a brown powder, metallic boron is black		 The metallic form is hard (9.3 on Mohs' scale) and a poor conductor at room temperature.
Strontium Sr 2.64 38 1.5
a soft silver-white or yellowish metallic element		 The metal turns yellow when exposed to air. somewhat malleable. It is chiefly employed (as in the nitrate) to color pyrotechnic flames red.
Aluminium Al 2.698 13 2.75
silvery		 non-magnetic, very reflective, lightweight, common building material.
Scandium Sc 2.989 21 transition metal
soft, silvery, develops a slightly yellowish or pinkish cast when exposed to air		 not attacked by a 1:1 mixture of nitric acid(HNO3) and 48% HF
Bromine Br 3.122 35 halogen
gas/liquid: red-brown solid: metallic luster		 a red volatile liquid at standard room temperature. This element is corrosive to human tissue
Barium Ba 3.594 56 1.25
metallic		 Naturally occurring barium is a mix of seven stable isotopes. There are twenty-two isotopes known, but most of these are highly radioactive and have half-lives in the several millisecond to several minute range. The only notable exceptions are 133Ba which has a half-life of 10.51 years, and 137mBa (2.6 minutes).
Yttrium Y 4.469 39 transition metal
silvery metallic		 two of its compounds are used to make the red color phosphors in cathode ray tube displays
Titanium Ti 4.540 22 6.0
silvery metallic		 corrosion-resistant (including resistance to sea water and chlorine, high tensile strength
Selenium Se 4.809 34 2.0
gray, metallic luster		 Selenium has at least 29 isotopes, of which 5 are stable, and 6 are nuclear isomers.
Iodine I 4.93 53 halogen solid that sublimes at standard temperatures into a purple-pink gas that has an irritating odor,it avoids goitre
violet-dark gray, lustrous		 least reactive of the halogens, still a strong oxidizing agent.
Europium Eu 5.243 63 lanthanide
Germanium Ge 5.323 32 6.0 Used in semiconductors and LED's
Radium Ra 5.50 88 almost pure white, readily oxidizes on exposure to air, turning black Radium preparations are remarkable for maintaining themselves at a higher temperature than their surroundings, and for their radiations: alpha particles, beta particles, and gamma rays. Radium also produces neutrons when mixed with beryllium.
Arsenic As 5.776 33 3.5
metallic gray, allotropic forms; yellow, black and grey		 poisonous
Gallium Ga 5.907 31 1.5 melts at 29.7 degrees Celsius (just above room temperature), Used in semiconductors.
Vanadium V 6.11 23 7.0 Brittle. Used to make tool steels.
Lanthanum La 6.145 57 2.5
Tellurium Te 6.232 52 2.25
silvery lustrous gray
Zirconium Zr 6.506 40 5.0
Antimony Sb 6.685 51 3.0
silvery lustrous grey		 toxic
Cerium Ce 6.770 58 2.5
resembles iron		 Used in ceramics and glassmaking, component of "flints" in cigarette lighters.
Praseodymium Pr 6.773 59 soft
silvery white, yellowish tinge
Ytterbium Yb 6.965 70
Astatine At 7 approximately 85 Extremely rare
Neodymium Nd 7.007 60 used in powerful permanent magnets and LASERs
Zinc Zn 7.134 30 2.5 Used to "galvanize" nails, sheet metal, and such.
Chromium Cr 7.15 24 8.5 e.g. Stainless steels, chrome plating, heating coils; +6 compounds are toxic.
Promethium Pm 7.26 61
Tin Sn 7.287 50 1.5 soft metal Main component of solder.
Indium In 7.310 49 soft metal
Manganese Mn 7.44 25 6.0
Samarium Sm 7.52 62
Iron Fe 7.874 26 metal Most stable element. Greatest number of stable isotopes.
Gadolinium Gd 7.895 64 Phosphor in TV tubes and fluorescent lights.
Terbium Tb 8.229 65 Phosphor in TV tubes and fluorescent lights.
Dysprosium Dy 8.55 66
Niobium Nb 8.570 41
Cadmium Cd 8.69 48 toxic, used in batteries
Holmium Ho 8.795 67
Cobalt Co 8.86 27 ferromagnetic, used in high temperature alloys, blue pigments, moderate toxicity
Nickel Ni 8.912 28 alloys, nickel plating
Copper Cu 8.96 29 "noble" metal, good conductor of electricity and heat
Erbium Er 9.066 68
Polonium Po 9.32 84 radioactive
Ununhexium Uuh 9.32 or greater 116 man-made, highly unstable
Thulium Tm 9.321 69
Bismuth Bi 9.807 83 electrical solders, fire suppressors, replacement for lead bullets
Ununpentium Uup 9.807 or greater 115 unstable, man-made
Lutetium Lu 9.84 71
Lawrencium Lr 9.84 or greater 103 artificial
Actinium Ac 10.07 89 radioactive metallic element. glows in the dark with an eerie blue light.
Molybdenum Mo 10.22 42 In "chrome-moly" steels and other steels, lubricants
Silver Ag 10.501 47 noble metal, in money, jewelry, eating utensils, soldering and brazing alloys
Lead Pb 11.342 82 toxic, being phased out in most applications
Ununquadium Uuq 11.342 or greater 114 unstable, man-made
Technetium Tc 11.50 43 man-made, used in nuclear medicine.
Thorium Th 11.72 90 Possible nuclear fuel
Thallium Tl 11.85 81 toxic, high-temperature superconductors
Ununtrium Uut 11.85 or greater 113 artificial element
Palladium Pd 12.020 46
Ruthenium Ru 12.37 44
Rhodium Rh 12.41 45
Hafnium Hf 13.31 72
Einsteinium Es 13.5 (Estimate) 99 artificial
Curium Cm 13.51 96 artificial
Mercury Hg 13.5336 80 liquid at room temperature; toxic; in batteries and thermometers
Ununbium Uub 13.5336 or greater 112 artificial element,
Americium Am 13.69 95 Am-241 used in smoke detectors.
Berkelium Bk 14.79 97 artificial
Californium Cf 15.10 98 artificial
Protactinium Pa 15.37 91 artificial
Tantalum Ta 16.654 73 used in electrolytic capacitors
Rutherfordium Rf 18.1 104 artificial
Uranium U 18.95 92 nuclear fuel
Tungsten W 19.25 74 strong but brittle; heat resistant; extremely high melting point
Gold Au 19.282 79
Roentgenium Rg 19.282 or greater 111 artificial
Plutonium Pu 19.84 94 nuclear fuel
Neptunium Np 20.45 93
Rhenium Re 21.02 75
Platinum Pt 21.46 78 precious metal and industrial catalyst
Darmstadtium Ds 21.46 or greater 110 artificial
Osmium Os 22.610 76
Iridium Ir 22.650 77 silvery-white Densest natural element
Seaborgium Sg 35 (Estimate) 106 artificial, all remaining elements below are artificial
Meitnerium Mt 35 (Estimate) 109
Bohrium Bh 37 (Estimate) 107
Dubnium Db 39 (Estimate) 105
Hassium Hs 41 (Estimate) 108
Fermium Fm Unknown 100
Mendelevium Md Unknown 101
Nobelium No Unknown 102
Ununoctium Uuo Unknown 118
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Periodic tables
Layouts
Lists of elements by
Groups
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Periods:
1 · 2 · 3 · 4 · 5 · 6 · 7 · 8
Element categories
Blocks