List of artificial objects in heliocentric orbit

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Below is a current list of artificial objects currently in heliocentric orbit. These do not include man-made objects which are escaping from the Solar System (Pioneer 10, Pioneer 11, Voyager 1, Voyager 2, and New Horizons), Agena, Centaur, or IUS upper stages used on unmanned missions (only the S-IVB upper stages on manned Apollo missions are listed), or objects in the Sun-Earth Lagrange Points.

Contents 1 United States 2 U.S.S.R./Russian Federation 3 European Space Agency (ESA) 4 Japan

[edit] United States

• Pioneer 4 – Moon (1959)
• Ranger 3 – Moon (1961)
• Ranger 5 – Moon (1963)
• Mariner 2 – Venus (1962)
• Mariner 3 – Intended for Mars, communication lost when launch shroud failed to separate (1964)
• Mariner 4 – Mars (1964)
• Mariner 5 – Venus (1966)
• Pioneer 5, Pioneer 6, Pioneer 7, Pioneer 8, and Pioneer 9 – Sun (1966-1969)
• S-IVB upper stage for Apollo 8 (1968)
• S-IVB for Apollo 9 (1969)
• S-IVB and LM Snoopy for Apollo 10 (1969)
• S-IVB for Apollo 11 (1969)
• Mariner 6 & Mariner 7 – Mars (1969)
• S-IVB for Apollo 12 (1969) – recaptured in Earth orbit
• ICE – Comets Giocabinni-Zinner & Halley (1974-1987)
• Mariner 10 – Venus and Mercury (1974-1975)
• Mars Observer(?) – Intended for Mars, failed prior to orbital insertion (1992)
• CONTOUR – Intended to flyby several comets, failed after launch (2002)
• Deep Impact – Comet Tempel 1 (active)
• Stardust – Comet Wild 2 (active)

[edit] U.S.S.R./Russian Federation

• Luna 1 – Intended to crash on Moon (1958)
• Venera 1 – Intended for Venus, communication lost enroute (1961)
• Mars 1 – Intended for Mars, communication lost enroute (1962)
• Zond 2 – Intended for Mars, communication lost enroute (1964)
• Zond 3 – Moon (far side) and interplanetary space (1965)
• Venera 2 – Venus (1966)
• Mars 4 – Intended to orbit Mars, but retrorocket failed, mission partial success (1974)
• Mars 7 – Intended to land on Mars, but missed planet (1974)
• Venera 11 fly by bus – Venus (1978)
• Venera 12 fly by bus – Venus (1978)
• Venera 13 fly by bus – Venus (1982)
• Venera 14 fly by bus – Venus (1982)
• Vega 1 – Venus & Halley's Comet (1985-1986)
• Vega 2 – Venus & Halley's Comet (1985-1986)
• Phobos 1 – Intended for Mars and moon Phobos, communication lost enroute (1988)

[edit] European Space Agency (ESA)

• Helios 1 (joint U.S./ESA) – Sun (1975)
• Helios 2 (joint U.S./ESA) – Sun (1975)
• Giotto – Halley's Comet (1986)
• Ulysses (joint U.S./ESA) – Jupiter & Sun's north & south poles (active)
• Rosetta – comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko (active)

[edit] Japan

• Minerva mini-lander – Intended for asteroid Itokawa but missed (2005)
• Nozomi – Intended for Mars, but retrorocket failed (active)