List of West Africa hurricanes
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This list of West Africa hurricanes includes tropical cyclones which originated in the Atlantic and directly or indirectly affected the west coast of Africa and/or its surrounding islands. Atlantic hurricanes seldom directly affect Western Africa, the Cape Verde Islands, or the Canary Islands, since westerly winds carry the storms away form land and most Atlantic storms that move off the African coast tend to be weak.
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[edit] List of tropical cyclones
This is a list of tropical cyclones that have either made direct landfall in Western Africa and its surrounding islands or have come close to making landfall.
[edit] Pre 1950
- August 30, 1853: a major hurricane bypasses the Cape Verde Islands as a tropical storm.[1]
- August 13, 1873: The Nova Scotia Hurricane of 1873 formed close to the Cape Verde Islands a tropical storm.[2]
- September 12, 1889: A tropical storm forms close to the Cape Verde Islands before moving northeastward. [3]
- August 17, 1891: A tropical storm forms close to the Cape Verde Islands before moving northeastward and becoming a category 1 hurricane. [4]
- September 13, 1892: A tropical storm formed on September 12 and moved westward where it passed though the Cape Verde Islands as a Category 1 hurricane before entering the open Atlantic Ocean as a Category 2 storm. There was no reports of damage or fatalities from the hurricane. [5]
- August 16, 1893: Before becoming a major hurricane during the active 1893 Atlantic hurricane season, the 1893 Sea Islands Hurricane formed on August 15 northeast of the Cape Verde Islands as a weak tropical storm. The following day, the storm passed through the islands still a weak tropical storm before continuing westward across the Atlantic before eventually becoming a hurricane on August 19 and a major hurricane on August 26. Despite passing though the Cape Verde's as a tropical storm, there were no reports of damage or fatalities. [6]
- August 31, 1897: A tropical storm formed extremely close to the Cape Verde Islands on August 31. The storm moved westward where it reached hurricane status before recurving northeastward out over the open Atlantic Ocean as a Category 2 hurricane.[7]
- September 10, 1900: A tropical storm formed on September 8, 1900 at 10°N-18.5°W and moved northwestward. The storm rapidly gained strength as it reached hurricane on September 9. The hurricane continued moving northwestward as it bypassed the Cape Verde Islands to the west at Category 1 strength. The storm later reached Category 2 status after passing the islands. Despite its close proximity to the islands, its unclear if any watches or warnings were issued nor did any reports of damage of fatalities were reported from the storm. [8]
- August 29, 1901: A tropical depression formed on August 29 and moved westward where it became a tropical storm. The storm brushed the Cape Verde's before continuing on westward and becoming a hurricane. The storm caused no damage on the islands. [9]
- August 25, 1906: A tropical storm brushes the Cape Verde Islands as 40 mph (64 km/h) tropical storm causing no damage. Days later, the storm strengthened into a Category 4 hurricane. [10]
- August 26, 1913: A tropical depression formed on August 26 southeast of the Cape Verde Islands and became a tropical storm on August 27 while passing south of the islands. Its effects on the Cape Verde Islands from the storm is unknown. [11]
- September 2, 1927 : A weak tropical storm passes though the Cape Verde Islands before becoming a category 2 hurricane. There was no recorded damage after the storms passing through the islands. [12]
- September 6, 1928: The 1928 Lake Okeechobee Hurricane passes though the Cape Verde Islands as a weak tropical storm. [13]
- September 10, 1938: Before becoming a hurricane, the 1938 New England Hurricane passed through the Cape Verdes as a 40 mph (64 km/h) tropical storm.[14]
- September 5, 1947: The Fort Lauderdale Hurricane brushed the Cape Verde Islands as a Category 1 hurricane at 0000 UTC. There were no reports of damage or injuries from the hurricane.[15]
- September 5, 1948: A mid season hurricane brushed the Cape Verde Islands as a Category 1 storm. There were no reports of damage or injuries from that storm. [16]
[edit] 1950-1979
- September 2, 1951: Hurricane Fox passed well south of the Cape Verde Islands as a tropical depression. [17]
- August 19, 1952: Hurricane Able struck the islands as a tropical depression. [18]
- August 28, 1953: Hurricane Carol passed though the Cape Verde Islands as a tropical depression. [19]
- September 3, 1957: While transitioning to a tropical storm, Hurricane Carrie passed south of the Cape Verde Islands causing no damage. [20]
- August 8, 1958: Tropical Storm Becky passed through the Cape Verde Islands as a tropical depression. There were no reports of damage. [21]
- September 6, 1961: Hurricane Debbie rapidly reached hurricane strength west of the Cape Verde Islands. [22]
- August 27, 1962: Tropical Storm Becky bypassed the Cape Verde Islands as a tropical depression. [23]
- September 5, 1964: Tropical Storm Florence brushed the Cape Verde Islands while at tropical depression strength. The storm caused no known damage. [24]
- September 16, 1965: Hurricane Carol passed south of the Cape Verde Islands as a tropical depression. [25]
- August 21, 1966: Hurricane Faith passed south of the Cape Verde Islands as a tropical depression. [26]
- September 5, 1967: Hurricane Chloe passed through the Cape Verde Islands as a tropical depression. [27]
- October 5, 1967: Tropical Storm Ginger formed east of the Cape Verde Islands on October 5. The storm reached a peak intensity of 50 mph before dissipating two days later. Ginger's formation was the furthest east on record for an Atlantic tropical cyclone. [28] [29]
- September 12, 1968: Tropical Storm Edna brushed the Cape Verde Islands as a tropical depression. [30]
- August 25, 1973: Tropical Storm Christine formed over western Africa at 10°N-15°W as a tropical depression.[31]
- September 15, 1973: Hurricane Ellen brushed the Cape Verde Islands as a 45 mph (72 km/h) tropical storm. [32]
- September 4, 1979: Hurricane Gloria brushed the northern Cape Verde Islands as a tropical depression. [33]
[edit] 1980-1999
- September 4, 1980: Hurricane Earl brushed the northern Cape Verde Islands hours before reaching tropical storm strength. [34]
- September 7, 1980: Hurricane Frances passed south of the Cape Verde Islands as a tropical storm. [35]
- August 29, 1982: Tropical Storm Beryl of 1982 passed south of the Cape Verde Islands, killing 115 people. [36] [37]
- September 16, 1984: Tropical Storm Fran bypassed the Cape Verde Islands to the south before becoming a tropical storm. [38] The storm killed 31 people, mainly from landslides and flooding. [37]
- August 18, 1987: Tropical Storm Bret bypassed the Cape Verde Islands to the south before reaching tropical storm strength on the same day. [39] There were no reports of damage.
- September 8, 1988: Tropical Storm Thirteen formed extremely close to western Africa on September 6 where it moved slightly northwestward and dissipated. It was not named because of its extreme location at the time, and it was originally thought to be a tropical depression. However, post storm analysis revealed that the system had maintained tropical storm strength for at least 48 hours. The storm produced heavy rain but caused no reported damage.
- September 18, 1989: Before reaching hurricane status, Hurricane Erin passed though the Cape Verde Islands as a tropical depression, causing no damage. [40]
- September 21, 1998: Hurricane Jeanne of 1998 passed south of the Cape Verde Islands as a Category 1 hurricane. [41] Because of Jeanne's rapid formation, forecasters predicted that the storm will bring tropical storm conditions to the Cape Verde Islands. However, the storms center stayed off shore and there were no reports of damage.[42]
- August 19, 1999: Hurricane Cindy passed close to the Cape Verde Islands as a tropical depression. There were no reports of damage.[43]
[edit] 2000-present
- August 4, 2000: The tropical wave the later became Hurricane Alberto dropped 1 inch (25 mm) of rain across Dakar, Senegal and produced winds of 40 mph off the West African coastline.[44]
- September 9, 2003: Tropical Depression Fourteen brushed the Cape Verde Islands after reaching peak intensity of 35 mph (56 km/h). [45] The depression produced heavy rainfall and gusty winds to the islands.[46]
- November 11, 2005: Tropical Storm Delta, after meandering eastward in the Atlantic for several days, struck the Canary Islands shortly after becoming extratropical, and 70 mph (110 km/h) winds with 90 mph (152 km/h) gusts caused over $360 million dollars (2005 USD) in damage and seven deaths. [47] [48] The remnants of Delta then struck Morocco, where no damage was reported.
- August 21, 2006: Tropical Storm Debby passed south of the Cape Verde Islands as a tropical depression. A tropical storm warning was issued for the Cape Verde Islands, but was discontinued when Debby turned further westward and away from the islands.
[edit] Tropical cyclone watches and warnings
The Cape Verde Islands has only one tropical cyclone monitoring station in Sal.[49] In Western Africa, there are three tropical cyclone monitoring stations in Dakar, Senegal[50], Bamako, Mali[51] and Niamey, Niger[52]
[edit] Climatological statistics
At least 46 tropical cyclones have affect Western Africa and its surrounding islands since records began in 1851. The majority of the storms affect West Africa and Cape Verde islands during the months of August and September which are the active months of a typical Atlantic hurricane season.[53]
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[edit] Deadliest storms
The following is a list of Atlantic tropical storms that caused fatalites in West Africa and its surrounding islands.
| Name | Year | Number of deaths |
|---|---|---|
| Beryl | 1982 | 115 |
| Fran | 1984 | 31 |
| Delta | 2005 | 7 |
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- ^ Weather Underground (2007). Weather Underground 1853 Archive. Retrieved on 2007-10-09.
- ^ Weather Underground (2007). Weather Underground 1873 Archive. Retrieved on 2007-10-09.
- ^ Weather Underground (2007). Weather Underground 1889 Archive. Retrieved on 2007-01-11.
- ^ Weather Underground (2007). Weather Underground 1891 Archive. Retrieved on 2007-01-11.
- ^ Weather Underground (2007). Weather Underground 1892 Archive. Retrieved on 2007-01-11.
- ^ Weather Underground (2007). Weather Underground 1893 Archive. Retrieved on 2007-01-11.
- ^ Weather Underground (2007). Weather Underground 1897 Archive. Retrieved on 2007-01-11.
- ^ Weather Underground (2007). Weather Underground 1900 Archive. Retrieved on 2007-01-11.
- ^ Weather Underground (2007). Weather Underground 1901 Archive. Retrieved on 2007-01-11.
- ^ Weather Underground (2007). Weather Underground 1906 Archive. Retrieved on 2007-01-11.
- ^ Weather Underground (2007). Weather Underground 1913 Archive. Retrieved on 2007-01-11.
- ^ Weather Underground (2007). Weather Underground 1927 Archive. Retrieved on 2007-01-11.
- ^ Weather Underground (2007). Weather Underground 1928 Archive. Retrieved on 2007-01-11.
- ^ Weather Underground (2007). Weather Underground 1938 Archive. Retrieved on 2007-01-11.
- ^ Weather Underground (2007). Weather Underground 1947 Archive. Retrieved on 2007-01-10.
- ^ Weather Underground (2006). Weather Underground 1948 Archive. Retrieved on 2006-08-15.
- ^ Weather Underground (2006). Weather Underground 1951 Archive. Retrieved on 2006-08-02.
- ^ Weather Underground (2006). Weather Underground 1952 Archive. Retrieved on 2006-08-02.
- ^ Weather Underground (2006). Weather Underground 1953 Archive. Retrieved on 2006-08-02.
- ^ Weather Underground (2006). Weather Underground 1957 Archive. Retrieved on 2006-08-02.
- ^ Weather Underground (2006). Weather Underground 1958 Archive. Retrieved on 2006-08-02.
- ^ Weather Underground (2006). Weather Underground 1961 Archive. Retrieved on 2006-08-02.
- ^ Weather Underground (2006). Weather Underground 1962 Archive. Retrieved on 2006-08-02.
- ^ Weather Underground (2006). Weather Underground 1964 Archive. Retrieved on 2006-08-02.
- ^ Weather Underground (2006). Weather Underground 1965 Archive. Retrieved on 2006-08-02.
- ^ Weather Underground (2006). Weather Underground 1966 Archive. Retrieved on 2006-08-02.
- ^ Weather Underground (2006). Weather Underground 1967 Archive. Retrieved on 2006-07-21.
- ^ Weather Underground (2006). Weather Underground 1967 Archive. Retrieved on 2006-07-24.
- ^ Arnold L. Sugg and Joseph M. Pelmisser (1968). Hurricane Season of 1967. NOAA. Retrieved on 2006-07-24.
- ^ Weather Underground (2006). Weather Underground 1968 Archive. Retrieved on 2006-07-21.
- ^ Hurricane.com (2007). Tropical Storm Christine (1973) best track data. Retrieved on 2007-05-08.
- ^ Weather Underground (2006). Weather Underground 1973 Archive. Retrieved on 2006-07-21.
- ^ Weather Underground (2006). Weather Underground 1979 Archive. Retrieved on 2006-07-20.
- ^ Weather Underground (2006). Weather Underground 1980 Archive. Retrieved on 2006-07-21.
- ^ Weather Underground (2006). Weather Underground 1980 Archive. Retrieved on 2006-07-20.
- ^ Gilbert C. Clark (1983). Atlantic Hurricane Season of 1982. NOAA. Retrieved on 2006-07-17.
- ^ a b National Hurricane Center (2005). The Deadliest Atlantic Tropical Cyclones, 1492-1996. NOAA. Retrieved on 2006-07-17.
- ^ Weather Underground (2006). Weather Underground 1984 Archive. Retrieved on 2006-07-17.
- ^ Weather Underground (2006). Weather Underground 1987 Archive. Retrieved on 2006-07-17.
- ^ Weather Underground (2006). Weather Underground 1989 Archive. Retrieved on 2006-07-17.
- ^ Weather Underground (2006). Weather Underground 1998 Archive. Retrieved on 2006-07-17.
- ^ Mayfield (1998). Tropical Storm Jeanne Advisory #2. NOAA. Retrieved on 2006-07-17.
- ^ Weather Underground. Weather Underground 1999 Archive. Retrieved on 2006-07-17.
- ^ Gary Paddget (2000). Monthly Global Tropical Summary for June. Australian Severe Weather. Retrieved on 2007-11-27.
- ^ Weather Underground (2006). Weather Underground 2003 Archive. Retrieved on 2006-07-17.
- ^ Alvia (2003). Tropical Depression Fourteen Discussion #8. NOAA. Retrieved on 2007-11-26.
- ^ Staff Writer (2005). Delta force in the Canaries. Tenerife News. Retrieved on 2006-07-17.
- ^ Staff Writer (2005). Delta: Aftermath and Impact. Tenerife News. Retrieved on 2006-07-17.
- ^ National Hurricane Center (2007). NHC database. NOAA. Retrieved on 2007-09-26.
- ^ National Hurricane Center (2007). 61641 Dakar, Senegal. NOAA. Retrieved on 2007-09-26.
- ^ National Hurricane Center (2007). 61291 Bamako, Mali. NOAA. Retrieved on 2007-09-26.
- ^ National Hurricane Center (2007). 61052 Niamey, Niger. NOAA. Retrieved on 2007-09-26.
- ^ Chris Landsea (2007). FAQ Subject: A2) What is a "Cape Verde" hurricanes?. NOAA. Retrieved on 2007-12-14.
