List of United States Army four-star generals
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
There have been 208 four-star generals in the history of the U.S. Army. 194 were originally promoted to that grade while on active duty, 8 were promoted while retired, 5 were promoted posthumously, and one was appointed to an equivalent rank in a precursor organization. 134 were commissioned via the U.S. Military Academy (USMA), 37 via Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC) at a civilian university, 15 via direct commission, 12 via Officer Candidate School (OCS), 7 via ROTC at a senior military college, and 3 via other sources.
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[edit] List of generals
The following lists of four-star generals are sortable by last name, date of rank[1], number of years on active duty at four-star rank (Yrs) [2], year commissioned, and number of years in commission when promoted to four-star rank (YC) [3].
[edit] 1775–1799
In 1775, George Washington was appointed "General and Commander in Chief of the United Colonies" and all its forces. Although Washington ranked as a full general in the Continental Army, his service predated the establishment of the U.S. Army in 1784 and he is therefore considered never to have held the U.S. Army rank of general, which was not created until 1866. As there were no lieutenant generals in the Continental Army, Washington wore only three stars on his uniform. In 1798, Washington was commissioned lieutenant general in the U.S. Army and appointed Commander in Chief of the armies of the United States. The following year, Congress created the rank of General of the Armies of the United States, but Washington died before accepting it and the rank lapsed until 1919. Washington was finally promoted to General of the Armies in 1976.
Name | Date of rank [1] | Position | Yrs [2] | Commission | YC [3] | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
* | George Washington | 15 Jun 1775 | General and Commander in Chief, Continental Army, 1775–1783. | 8 | 1775 (direct) | 0 | (1732–1799) [4] Promoted to General of the Armies, 04 Jul 1976. U.S. President, 1789–1797. Awarded Congressional Gold Medal, 1776. |
[edit] 1800–1899
The rank of general in the U.S. Army was created in 1866 to honor the Civil War achievements of Ulysses S. Grant. When Grant resigned his commission to become President in 1869, William T. Sherman was promoted to fill the vacant grade. Congress specified in 1870 that the rank would lapse upon Sherman's retirement, but made an exception in 1888 to promote an ailing Philip H. Sheridan. During this period, only one four-star general was active at a time, so he was referred to as the General of the Army, a title not to be confused with the later five-star rank of general of the Army.
Name | Date of rank [1] | Position | Yrs [2] | Commission | YC [3] | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Ulysses S. Grant | 25 Jul 1866 | Commanding General, U.S. Army (CGUSA), 1864–1869. | 5 | 1843 (USMA) | 23 | (1822–1885) [5] U.S. President, 1869–1877. Awarded Congressional Gold Medal, 1863. Married great-aunt of ADM U.S. Grant Sharp Jr., USN. |
2 | William T. Sherman | 04 Mar 1869 | Commanding General, U.S. Army (CGUSA), 1869–1883. | 14 | 1840 (USMA) | 29 | (1820–1891) Superintendent, Louisiana Seminary of Learning and Military Academy, 1860–1861. Brother of U.S. Secretary of State John Sherman. |
3 | Philip H. Sheridan | 01 Jun 1888 | Commanding General, U.S. Army (CGUSA), 1883–1888. | 0 | 1853 (USMA) | 35 | (1831–1888) Died in office. |
[edit] 1900–present
The rank of general was revived in 1917 to give American commanders parity of rank with their Allied counterparts during World War I. The chief of staff of the Army, Peyton C. March; the commander of the American Expeditionary Force, John J. Pershing; and the U.S. military representative to the Supreme War Council, Tasker H. Bliss, were all promoted to the rank of emergency general. These new ranks were strictly temporary appointments authorized for the duration of the crisis, and while Pershing was ultimately advanced to General of the Armies in 1919, March and Bliss reverted to their permanent grades of major general when the emergency wartime legislation expired in 1920. In 1929, the temporary rank of general was reauthorized for the office of chief of staff of the Army, whose occupant reverted to major general at the end of his tenure but was allowed to retire as a full general. During World War II the President was authorized to appoint as many temporary generals and lieutenant generals as he deemed necessary, and postwar legislation allowed these officers to retire in their highest rank.
Name | Date of rank [1] | Position | Yrs [2] | Commission | YC [3] | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
4 | Tasker H. Bliss | 06 Oct 1917 | Chief of Staff, U.S. Army (CSA), 1917–1918; U.S. Military Representative, Allied Supreme War Council, 1918–1919. | 2 | 1875 (USMA) | 42 | (1853–1930) [6] [7] Governor, U.S. Soldiers' Home, 1920–1927. |
5 | John J. Pershing | 06 Oct 1917 | Commanding General, American Expeditionary Forces (CG AEF), 1917–1921; Chief of Staff, U.S. Army (CSA), 1921–1924. | 7 | 1875 (USMA) | 42 | (1853–1948) Promoted to General of the Armies, 03 Sep 1919. Chairman, Tacna-Arica Plebiscitary Commission, 1925–1926. Awarded Pulitzer Prize for History, 1932; Congressional Gold Medal, 1946. |
6 | Peyton C. March | 20 May 1918 | Chief of Staff, U.S. Army (CSA), 1918–1921. | 2 | 1888 (USMA) | 30 | (1854–1955) [7] |
7 | Charles P. Summerall | 23 Feb 1929 | Chief of Staff, U.S. Army (CSA), 1926–1930. | 1 | 1892 (USMA) | 37 | (1867–1955) [8] President, The Citadel, 1931–1953. |
8 | Douglas MacArthur | 21 Nov 1930 | Chief of Staff, U.S. Army (CSA), 1930–1935; Commanding General, U.S. Army Forces in the Far East (CG USAFFE), 1941–1942; Commander in Chief, South West Pacific Area/Commanding General, U.S. Army Forces in the Far East (CINC SWPA/CG USAFFE), 1942–1945; Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers/Commander in Chief, U.S. Army Forces, Pacific (SCAP/CINCAFPAC), 1945–1946; Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers (SCAP), 1946–1947; Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers/Commander in Chief, Far East Command (SCAP/CINCFE), 1947–1950; Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers/Commander in Chief, United Nations Command/Commander in Chief, Far East Command (SCAP/CINCUNC/CINCFE), 1950–1951. | 15 | 1903 (USMA) | 27 | (1880–1964) [9] Promoted to general of the Army, 18 Dec 1944. Superintendent, U.S. Military Academy, 1919–1922. Awarded Medal of Honor, 1942; Congressional Gold Medal, 1962. Relieved, 1951. |
9 | Malin Craig | 02 Oct 1935 | Chief of Staff, U.S. Army (CSA), 1935–1939; Chairman, War Department Personnel Board, 1941–1945. | 8 | 1898 (USMA) | 37 | (1875–1945) [10] |
10 | George C. Marshall Jr. | 01 Sep 1939 | Chief of Staff, U.S. Army (CSA), 1939–1945. | 6 | 1901 (VMI) [11] | 38 | (1880–1959) [12] Promoted to general of the Army, 16 Dec 1944. Special Representative of the President in China, 1945–1947; U.S. Secretary of State, 1947–1949; President, American Red Cross, 1949–1950; U.S. Secretary of Defense, 1950–1951. Awarded Congressional Gold Medal, 1946; Nobel Peace Prize, 1953. |
* | John L. Hines | 15 Jun 1940 | (retired) | 0 | 1891 (USMA) | 49 | (1868–1968) [13] Chief of Staff, U.S. Army, 1924–1926. |
11 | Dwight D. Eisenhower | 11 Feb 1943 | Commander in Chief, Allied (Expeditionary) Force (CINC Allied Forces), 1942–1943; Commander in Chief, Allied Forces/Commander in Chief, Mediterranean Theater of Operations/Commanding General, North African Theater of Operations, U.S. Army (CINC Allied Forces/CINC MTO/CG NATOUSA), 1943–1944; Supreme Commander, Allied Expeditionary Force/Commanding General, European Theater of Operations, U.S. Army (SCAEF/CG ETOUSA), 1944–1945; Commanding General, U.S. Forces, European Theater/Military Governor of the U.S. Occupation Zone in Germany (CG USFET), 1945; Chief of Staff, U.S. Army (CSA), 1945–1948; Supreme Allied Commander, Europe (SACEUR), 1951–1952. | 6 | 1915 (USMA) | 28 | (1890–1969) [14] Promoted to general of the Army, 20 Dec 1944. President, Columbia University, 1948–1953; U.S. President, 1953–1961. |
12 | Henry H. Arnold | 19 Mar 1943 | Commanding General, Army Air Forces (CG AAF), 1942–1946. | 3 | 1907 (USMA) | 36 | (1886–1950) [15] Promoted to general of the Army, 21 Dec 1944; to general of the Air Force, 07 May 1949. |
13 | Joseph W. Stilwell | 01 Aug 1944 | Commanding General, U.S. Army Forces, China Burma India Theater (CG USAFCBI), 1942–1943; Deputy Supreme Allied Commander, South East Asia/Commanding General, U.S. Army Forces, China Burma India Theater (DSACSEA/CG USAFCBI), 1943–1944; Commanding General, Army Ground Forces (CG AGF), 1945; Commanding General, Tenth Army, 1945; Commanding General, Western Defense Command, 1945–1946; Commanding General, Sixth Army, 1946. | 2 | 1904 (USMA) | 40 | (1883–1946) Died in office. |
14 | Walter Krueger | 05 Mar 1945 | Commanding General, Sixth Army, 1943–1946. | 1 | 1901 (direct) | 44 | (1881–1967) [16] |
15 | Brehon B. Somervell | 06 Mar 1945 | Commanding General, Army Service Forces (CG ASF), 1942–1946. | 1 | 1914 (USMA) | 31 | (1892–1955) [17] |
16 | Joseph T. McNarney | 07 Mar 1945 | Deputy Supreme Allied Commander, Mediterranean/Commanding General, Mediterranean Theater of Operations, U.S. Army (DSACMED/CG MTOUSA), 1944–1945; Commanding General, U.S. Forces European Theater/Military Governor of the U.S. Occupation Zone in Germany (CG USFET), 1945–1947; Senior Member, United Nations Military Staff Committee, 1947; Commanding General, Air Materiel Command (CG AMC), 1947–1949; Chairman, Department of Defense Management Committee, 1949–1952. | 7 | 1915 (USMA) | 30 | (1893–1972) [15] |
17 | Jacob L. Devers | 08 Mar 1945 | Commanding General, Sixth Army Group, 1944–1945; Commanding General, Army Ground Forces (CG AGF), 1945–1948; Commanding General, Army Field Forces (CG AFF), 1948–1949. | 4 | 1909 (USMA) | 36 | (1887–1979) |
18 | George C. Kenney | 09 Mar 1945 | Commanding General, Allied Air Forces, South West Pacific Area (CG AAFSWPA), 1942–1945; Member, Military Staff Committee of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, 1945–1946; Commanding General, Strategic Air Command (CG SAC), 1946–1948; Commander, Air University, 1948–1951. | 6 | 1917 (cadet) | 28 | (1889–1977) [15] |
19 | Mark W. Clark | 10 Mar 1945 | Commanding General, Fifteenth Army Group, 1944–1945; U.S. High Commissioner, Austria, 1945–1947; Commanding General, Sixth Army, 1947–1949; Commanding General, Army Field Forces (CG AFF), 1949–1952; Commander in Chief, United Nations Command/Commander in Chief, Far East Command (CINCUNC/CINCFE), 1952–1953. | 8 | 1917 (USMA) | 28 | (1896–1984) [18] President, The Citadel, 1954–1966. |
20 | Carl A. Spaatz | 11 Mar 1945 | Commanding General, U.S. Strategic Air Forces in Europe (CG USSAFE), 1945; Commanding General, U.S. Strategic Air Forces in the Pacific (CG USASTAF), 1945; Commanding General, Army Air Forces (CG AAF), 1946–1947; Chief of Staff, U.S. Air Force (CSAF), 1947–1948. | 3 | 1914 (USMA) | 31 | (1891–1974) [15] |
21 | Omar N. Bradley | 12 Mar 1945 | Commanding General, Twelfth Army Group, 1944–1945; Administrator, Veterans Administration, 1945–1947; Chief of Staff, U.S. Army, 1948–1949; Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff/Chairman of the NATO Military Committee (CJCS), 1949–1950; Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff/U.S. Military Representative, NATO Military Committee (CJCS/USMILREP), 1950–1953. | 8 | 1915 (USMA) | 30 | (1893–1981) Promoted to general of the Army, 22 Sep 1950. Awarded Presidential Medal of Freedom, 1977. |
22 | Thomas T. Handy | 13 Mar 1945 | Deputy Chief of Staff, U.S. Army (DCSA), 1944–1947; Commanding General, Fourth Army, 1947–1949; Commander in Chief, European Command (CINCEUR), 1949–1952; Commander in Chief, U.S. Army Europe/Commander, Central Army Group (CINCUSAREUR/COMCENTAG), 1952; Deputy Commander in Chief, U.S. European Command (DCINCEUR), 1952–1954. | 9 | 1916 (VMI)[11] | 29 | (1892–1982) |
23 | George S. Patton Jr. | 14 Apr 1945 | Commanding General, Fifteenth Army, 1944–1945. | 0 | 1909 (USMA) | 36 | (1885–1945) Died in office. Father-in-law of GEN John K. Waters. |
24 | Courtney H. Hodges | 15 Apr 1945 | Commanding General, First Army, 1944–1949. | 4 | 1909 (direct) | 36 | (1887–1966) |
25 | Jonathan M. Wainwright IV | 05 Sep 1945 | Commanding General, Fourth Army, 1946. | 1 | 1906 (USMA) | 39 | (1883–1953) Awarded Medal of Honor, 1945. |
26 | Lucius D. Clay | 28 Mar 1947 | Commander in Chief, European Command/Military Governor of the U.S. Occupation Zone in Germany (CINCEUR), 1947–1949. | 2 | 1918 (USMA) | 29 | (1897–1978) Special Representative of the President in Berlin, 1961–1962. Son of U.S. Senator Alexander S. Clay; father of Gen Lucius D. Clay Jr., USAF. |
27 | J. Lawton Collins | 24 Jan 1948 | Vice Chief of Staff, U.S. Army (VCSA), 1948–1949; Chief of Staff, U.S. Army (CSA), 1949–1953; U.S. Military Representative, NATO Military Committee (USMILREP), 1953–1956. | 7 | 1917 (USMA) | 31 | (1896–1987) U.S. Special Representative to Vietnam, 1954–1955. |
28 | Wade H. Haislip | 01 Oct 1949 | Vice Chief of Staff, U.S. Army (VCSA), 1949–1951. | 2 | 1912 (USMA) | 37 | (1889–1971) Governor, U.S. Soldiers' Home, 1951–1966. |
* | Walton H. Walker | 02 Jan 1951 | (posthumous) | 0 | 1912 (USMA) | 39 | (1889–1950) [19] Father of GEN Sam S. Walker. |
29 | Matthew B. Ridgway | 11 May 1951 | Commander in Chief, United Nations Command/Commander in Chief, Far East Command (CINCUNC/CINCFE), 1951–1952; Supreme Allied Commander, Europe (SACEUR), 1952; Supreme Allied Commander, Europe/Commander in Chief, U.S. European Command (SACEUR/USCINCEUR), 1952–1953; Chief of Staff, U.S. Army (CSA), 1953–1955. | 4 | 1917 (USMA) | 34 | (1895–1993) Awarded Presidential Medal of Freedom, 1986; Congressional Gold Medal, 1990. |
30 | Walter Bedell Smith | 01 Jul 1951 | Director of Central Intelligence (DCI), 1950–1953. | 2 | 1917 (direct) | 34 | (1895–1961) U.S. Ambassador to the Soviet Union, 1946–1949; U.S. Under Secretary of State, 1953–1954. |
31 | John E. Hull | 30 Jul 1951 | Vice Chief of Staff, U.S. Army (VCSA), 1951–1953; Commander in Chief, United Nations Command/Commander in Chief, Far East Command (CINCUNC/CINCFE), 1953–1955. | 4 | 1917 (direct) | 34 | (1895–1975) |
32 | James A. Van Fleet | 31 Jul 1951 | Commanding General, Eighth U.S. Army (CG EUSA), 1951–1953. | 2 | 1915 (USMA) | 36 | (1892–1992) Special Representative of the President in the Far East, 1954. |
33 | Alfred M. Gruenther | 01 Aug 1951 | Chief of Staff, Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe (COFS SHAPE), 1951–1953; Supreme Allied Commander, Europe/Commander in Chief, U.S. European Command (SACEUR/USCINCEUR), 1953–1956. | 5 | 1917 (USMA) | 34 | (1899–1983) President, American Red Cross, 1957–1964. |
34 | John R. Hodge | 05 Jul 1952 | Commanding General, Army Field Forces (CG AFF), 1952–1953. | 1 | 1917 (direct) | 35 | (1893–1963) |
35 | Maxwell D. Taylor | 23 Jun 1953 | Commanding General, Eighth U.S. Army (CG EUSA), 1953–1954; Commanding General, U.S. Army Forces Far East/Commanding General, Eighth U.S. Army (CG USAFFE/CG EUSA), 1954–1955; Commander in Chief, United Nations Command/Commander in Chief, Far East Command (CINCUNC/CINCFE), 1955; Chief of Staff, U.S. Army (CSA), 1955–1959; Military Representative of the President (MILREP), 1961–1962; Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (CJCS), 1962–1964. | 9 | 1922 (USMA) | 31 | (1901–1987) [20] Superintendent, U.S. Military Academy, 1945–1949; U.S. Ambassador to South Vietnam, 1964–1965; President, Institute for Defense Analyses, 1966–1969. |
36 | Charles L. Bolte | 30 Jul 1953 | Commander in Chief, U.S. Army Europe/Commander, Central Army Group (CINCUSAREUR/COMCENTAG), 1953; Vice Chief of Staff, U.S. Army (VCSA), 1953–1955. | 2 | 1917 (direct) | 36 | (1895–1989) |
37 | William M. Hoge Jr. | 23 Oct 1953 | Commander in Chief, U.S. Army Europe/Commander, Central Army Group (CINCUSAREUR/COMCENTAG), 1953–1955. | 2 | 1916 (USMA) | 37 | (1894–1979) |
38 | John E. Dahlquist | 18 Aug 1954 | Commanding General, Army Field Forces (CG AFF), 1953–1955; Commanding General, U.S. Continental Army Command (CG CONARC), 1955–1956. | 2 | 1917 (direct) | 37 | (1896–1975) |
* | Robert L. Eichelberger | 19 Jul 1954 | (retired) | 0 | 1909 (USMA) | 45 | (1886–1961) [21] Superintendent, U.S. Military Academy, 1940–1942. |
* | Lucian K. Truscott Jr. | 19 Jul 1954 | (retired) | 0 | 1917 (direct) | 37 | (1895–1965) [21] |
* | Leonard T. Gerow | 19 Jul 1954 | (retired) | 0 | 1911 (VMI) [11] | 43 | (1888–1972) [21] |
* | William H. Simpson | 19 Jul 1954 | (retired) | 0 | 1909 (USMA) | 45 | (1888–1980) [21] |
* | Ben Lear Jr. | 19 Jul 1954 | (retired) | 0 | 1901 (direct) | 53 | (1879–1966) [21] [22] |
* | Simon Bolivar Buckner Jr. | 19 Jul 1954 | (posthumous) | 0 | 1908 (USMA) | 46 | (1886–1945) [21] Killed in action. Son of Kentucky Governor Simon Bolivar Buckner Sr. |
* | Alexander M. Patch | 19 Jul 1954 | (posthumous) | 0 | 1913 (USMA) | 41 | (1889–1945) [21] |
* | Lesley J. McNair | 19 Jul 1954 | (posthumous) | 0 | 1904 (USMA) | 50 | (1883–1944) [21] Killed in action. |
* | John L. DeWitt | 19 Jul 1954 | (retired) | 0 | 1898 (direct) | 56 | (1880–1962) [21] |
* | Albert C. Wedemeyer | 19 Jul 1954 | (retired) | 0 | 1918 (USMA) | 36 | (1897–1989) [21] Special Representative of the President in China and Korea, 1947. Awarded Presidential Medal of Freedom, 1985. |
* | Robert C. Richardson Jr. | 19 Jul 1954 | (posthumous) | 0 | 1904 (USMA) | 50 | (1882–1954) [21] |
39 | Anthony C. McAuliffe | 01 Mar 1955 | Commander in Chief, U.S. Army Europe/Commander, Central Army Group (CINCUSAREUR/COMCENTAG), 1955–1956. | 1 | 1918 (USMA) | 37 | (1898–1975) |
40 | Lyman L. Lemnitzer | 25 Mar 1955 | Commanding General, U.S. Army Forces Far East/Commanding General, Eighth U.S. Army (CG USAFFE/CG EUSA), 1955; Commander in Chief, United Nations Command/Commander in Chief, Far East Command (CINCUNC/CINCFE), 1955–1957; Vice Chief of Staff, U.S. Army (VCSA), 1957–1959; Chief of Staff, U.S. Army (CSA), 1959–1960; Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (CJCS), 1960–1962; Commander in Chief, U.S. European Command (USCINCEUR), 1962–1963; Supreme Allied Commander, Europe/Commander in Chief, U.S. European Command (SACEUR/USCINCEUR), 1963–1969. | 14 | 1920 (USMA) | 35 | (1899–1988) [23] Awarded Presidential Medal of Freedom, 1987. |
41 | Williston B. Palmer | 01 May 1955 | Vice Chief of Staff, U.S. Army (VCSA), 1955–1957; Deputy Commander in Chief, U.S. European Command (DCINCEUR), 1957–1959; Director of Military Assistance, 1959–1962. | 7 | 1919 (USMA) | 36 | (1899–1973) [24] Brother of GEN Charles D. Palmer. |
42 | Isaac D. White | 22 Jun 1955 | Commanding General, U.S. Army Forces Far East/Commanding General, Eighth U.S. Army (CG USAFFE/CG EUSA), 1955–1957; Commander in Chief, U.S. Army Pacific (CINCUSARPAC), 1957–1961. | 6 | 1922 (Norwich) | 33 | (1901–1990) |
43 | Willard G. Wyman | 01 Mar 1956 | Commanding General, U.S. Continental Army Command (CG CONARC), 1956–1958. | 2 | 1919 (USMA) | 37 | (1898–1969) |
44 | Cortlandt V.R. Schuyler | 18 May 1956 | Chief of Staff, Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe (COFS SHAPE), 1953–1959. | 3 | 1922 (USMA) | 34 | (1900–1993) Commissioner, New York State Office of General Services, 1960–1971. |
45 | George H. Decker | 31 May 1956 | Deputy Commander in Chief, U.S. European Command (DCINCEUR), 1956–1957; Commander in Chief, United Nations Command/Commander, U.S. Forces Korea/Commanding General, Eighth U.S. Army (CINCUNC/COMUSFK/CG EUSA), 1957–1959; Vice Chief of Staff, U.S. Army (VCSA), 1959–1960; Chief of Staff, U.S. Army (CSA), 1960–1962. | 6 | 1924 (ROTC) | 32 | (1902–1980) |
46 | Henry I. Hodes | 01 Jun 1956 | Commander in Chief, U.S. Army Europe/Commander, Central Army Group (CINCUSAREUR/COMCENTAG), 1956–1959. | 3 | 1920 (USMA) | 36 | (1899–1962) |
47 | Bruce C. Clarke | 01 Aug 1958 | Commanding General, U.S. Continental Army Command (CG CONARC), 1958–1960; Commander in Chief, U.S. Army Europe/Commander, Central Army Group (CINCUSAREUR/COMCENTAG), 1960–1962. | 4 | 1925 (USMA) | 33 | (1901–1988) |
48 | Clyde D. Eddleman | 01 Apr 1959 | Commander in Chief, U.S. Army Europe/Commander, Central Army Group (CINCUSAREUR/COMCENTAG), 1959–1960; Vice Chief of Staff, U.S. Army (VCSA), 1960–1962. | 3 | 1924 (USMA) | 35 | (1902–1992) |
49 | Carter B. Magruder | 01 Jul 1959 | Commander in Chief, United Nations Command/Commander, U.S. Forces Korea/Commanding General, Eighth U.S. Army (CINCUNC/COMUSFK/CG EUSA), 1959–1961. | 2 | 1923 (USMA) | 36 | (1900–1988) |
50 | Charles D. Palmer | 01 Oct 1959 | Deputy Commander in Chief, U.S. European Command (DCINCEUR), 1959–1962. | 3 | 1924 (USMA) | 35 | (1902–1999) Brother of GEN Williston B. Palmer. |
51 | Clark L. Ruffner | 01 Mar 1960 | U.S. Military Representative, NATO Military Committee (USMILREP), 1960–1962. | 2 | 1924 (VMI) | 36 | (1903–1982) |
52 | James E. Moore | 21 Apr 1960 | Chief of Staff, Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe (COFS SHAPE), 1959–1963. | 3 | 1924 (USMA) | 36 | (1902–1986) U.S. High Commissioner, Ryukyu Islands, 1955–1958. |
53 | Herbert B. Powell | 01 Oct 1960 | Commanding General, U.S. Continental Army Command (CG CONARC), 1960–1963. | 3 | 1926 (ROTC) | 34 | (1903–1998) U.S. Ambassador to New Zealand, 1963–1967. |
54 | James F. Collins | 01 Apr 1961 | Commander in Chief, U.S. Army Pacific (CINCUSARPAC), 1961–1964. | 3 | 1927 (USMA) | 34 | (1905–1989) President, American Red Cross, 1964–1970. |
55 | Guy S. Meloy Jr. | 01 Jul 1961 | Commander in Chief, United Nations Command/Commander, U.S. Forces Korea/Commanding General, Eighth U.S. Army (CINCUNC/COMUSFK/CG EUSA), 1961–1963. | 2 | 1927 (USMA) | 34 | (1903–1968) |
56 | Paul D. Adams | 03 Oct 1961 | Commander in Chief, U.S. Strike Command (USCINCSTRIKE), 1961–1963; Commander in Chief, U.S. Strike Command/U.S. Commander in Chief, Middle East, Africa south of the Sahara, and South Asia (USCINCSTRIKE/USCINCMEAFSA), 1963–1966. | 5 | 1928 (USMA) | 33 | (1906–1987) |
57 | Paul D. Harkins | 02 Jan 1962 | Commander, U.S. Military Assistance Command, Vietnam (COMUSMACV), 1962–1964. | 2 | 1929 (USMA) | 33 | (1904–1984) |
58 | Earle G. Wheeler | 01 Mar 1962 | Deputy Commander in Chief, U.S. European Command (DCINCEUR), 1962; Chief of Staff, U.S. Army (CSA), 1962–1964; Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (CJCS), 1964–1970. | 8 | 1932 (USMA) | 30 | (1908–1975) Widow married GEN Frank S. Besson Jr. |
59 | Barksdale Hamlett | 02 Apr 1962 | Vice Chief of Staff, U.S. Army (VCSA), 1962–1964. | 2 | 1930 (USMA) | 32 | (1908–1979) President, Norwich University, 1966–1972. |
60 | Paul L. Freeman Jr. | 01 May 1962 | Commander in Chief, U.S. Army Europe/Commander, Central Army Group (CINCUSAREUR/COMCENTAG), 1962–1965; Commanding General, U.S. Continental Army Command (CG CONARC), 1965–1967. | 5 | 1929 (USMA) | 33 | (1907–1988) |
61 | Robert J. Wood | 01 Sep 1962 | Director of Military Assistance, 1962–1965. | 3 | 1930 (USMA) | 32 | (1905–1986) |
62 | John K. Waters | 28 Feb 1963 | Commanding General, U.S. Continental Army Command (CG CONARC), 1963–1964; Commander in Chief, U.S. Army Pacific (CINCUSARPAC), 1964–1966. | 3 | 1931 (USMA) | 32 | (1906–1989) Son-in-law of GEN George S. Patton Jr. |
63 | Andrew P. O'Meara | 06 Jun 1963 | Commander in Chief, U.S. Southern Command (USCINCSO), 1961–1965; Commander in Chief, U.S. Army Europe/Commander, Central Army Group (CINCUSAREUR/COMCENTAG), 1965–1967. | 4 | 1930 (USMA) | 33 | (1907–2005) |
64 | Theodore W. Parker | 01 Jul 1963 | Chief of Staff, Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe (COFS SHAPE), 1963–1969. | 6 | 1931 (USMA) | 32 | (1909–1994) Commissioner, New York State Department of Transportation, 1969–1972. |
65 | Hamilton H. Howze | 01 Aug 1963 | Commander in Chief, United Nations Command/Commander, U.S. Forces Korea/Commanding General, Eighth U.S. Army (CINCUNC/COMUSFK/CG EUSA), 1963–1965. | 2 | 1930 (USMA) | 33 | (1908–1998) |
66 | Hugh P. Harris | 01 Mar 1964 | Commanding General, U.S. Continental Army Command (CG CONARC), 1964–1965. | 1 | 1931 (USMA) | 33 | (1909–1979) President, The Citadel, 1965–1970. |
67 | Frank S. Besson Jr. | 27 May 1964 | Commanding General, U.S. Army Materiel Command (CG AMC), 1962–1969; Chairman, Joint Logistics Review Board, 1969–1970. | 6 | 1932 (USMA) | 32 | (1910–1985) [25] Incorporator, National Rail Passenger Corporation, 1970–1971; Member, Board of Directors, AMTRAK, 1971–1974. Married widow of GEN Earle G. Wheeler. |
68 | Harold K. Johnson | 03 Jul 1964 | Chief of Staff, U.S. Army (CSA), 1964–1968. | 4 | 1933 (USMA) | 31 | (1912–1983) |
69 | William C. Westmoreland | 01 Aug 1964 | Commander, U.S. Military Assistance Command, Vietnam (COMUSMACV), 1964–1968; Chief of Staff, U.S. Army (CSA), 1968–1972. | 8 | 1936 (USMA) | 28 | (1914–2005) Superintendent, U.S. Military Academy, 1960–1963; candidate for Republican Party nomination for Governor of South Carolina, 1974. |
70 | Creighton W. Abrams Jr. | 04 Sep 1964 | Vice Chief of Staff, U.S. Army (VCSA), 1964–1967; Deputy Commander, U.S. Military Assistance Command, Vietnam (Deputy COMUSMACV), 1967–1968; Commander, U.S. Military Assistance Command, Vietnam (COMUSMACV), 1968–1972; Chief of Staff, U.S. Army (CSA), 1972–1974. | 10 | 1936 (USMA) | 28 | (1914–1974) Died in office. Father of GEN John N. Abrams. |
71 | Robert W. Porter Jr. | 18 Mar 1965 | Commander in Chief, U.S. Southern Command (USCINCSO), 1965–1969. | 4 | 1930 (USMA) | 35 | (1908–2000) |
72 | Dwight E. Beach | 01 Jul 1965 | Commander in Chief, United Nations Command/Commander, U.S. Forces Korea/Commanding General, Eighth U.S. Army (CINCUNC/COMUSFK/CG EUSA), 1965–1966; Commander in Chief, U.S. Army Pacific (CINCUSARPAC), 1966–1968. | 3 | 1932 (USMA) | 33 | (1908– ) |
73 | Charles H. Bonesteel III | 01 Sep 1966 | Commander in Chief, United Nations Command/Commander, U.S. Forces Korea/Commanding General, Eighth U.S. Army (CINCUNC/COMUSFK/CG EUSA), 1966–1969. | 3 | 1931 (USMA) | 35 | (1909–1977) |
74 | Theodore J. Conway | 01 Nov 1966 | Commander in Chief, U.S. Strike Command/U.S. Commander in Chief, Middle East, Africa south of the Sahara, and South Asia (USCINCSTRIKE/USCINCMEAFSA), 1966–1969. | 3 | 1933 (USMA) | 33 | (1909–1990) |
75 | James H. Polk | 31 May 1967 | Commander in Chief, U.S. Army Europe/Commander, Central Army Group (CINCUSAREUR/COMCENTAG), 1967–1971. | 4 | 1933 (USMA) | 34 | (1911–1992) Distant cousin of U.S. President James K. Polk. |
76 | Ralph E. Haines Jr. | 01 Jun 1967 | Vice Chief of Staff, U.S. Army (VCSA), 1967–1968; Commander in Chief, U.S. Army Pacific (CINCUSARPAC), 1968–1970; Commanding General, U.S. Continental Army Command (CG CONARC), 1970–1973. | 6 | 1935 (USMA) | 32 | (1913– ) |
77 | James K. Woolnough | 01 Jul 1967 | Commanding General, U.S. Continental Army Command (CG CONARC), 1967–1970. | 3 | 1932 (USMA) | 35 | (1910–1996) |
78 | Andrew J. Goodpaster | 03 Jul 1968 | Deputy Commander, U.S. Military Assistance Command, Vietnam (Deputy COMUSMACV), 1968; Supreme Allied Commander, Europe/Commander in Chief, U.S. European Command (SACEUR/USCINCEUR), 1969–1974. | 6 | 1939 (USMA) | 29 | (1915–2005) [26] Staff Secretary/Defense Liaison Officer to the President, 1954–1961; Superintendent, U.S. Military Academy, 1977–1981; President, Institute for Defense Analyses, 1983–1985. Awarded Presidential Medal of Freedom, 1961 and 1984. |
79 | Ben Harrell | 04 Jul 1968 | Commander, Allied Land Forces South East Europe (COMLANDSOUTHEAST), 1968–1971. | 3 | 1933 (USMA) | 35 | (1911–1981) |
80 | Berton E. Spivy Jr. | 31 Jul 1968 | U.S. Military Representative, NATO Military Committee (USMILREP), 1968–1971. | 3 | 1934 (USMA) | 34 | (1911–1997) |
81 | Bruce Palmer Jr. | 01 Aug 1968 | Vice Chief of Staff, U.S. Army (VCSA), 1968–1973; Commander in Chief, U.S. Readiness Command (USCINCRED), 1973–1974. | 6 | 1936 (USMA) | 32 | (1913–2000) |
82 | George R. Mather | 01 Mar 1969 | Commander in Chief, U.S. Southern Command (USCINCSO), 1969–1971. | 2 | 1932 (USMA) | 37 | (1911–1993) |
83 | Ferdinand J. Chesarek | 10 Mar 1969 | Commanding General, U.S. Army Materiel Command (CG AMC), 1969–1970. | 1 | 1938 (USMA) | 31 | (1914–1993) |
84 | William B. Rosson | 15 May 1969 | Deputy Commander, U.S. Military Assistance Command, Vietnam (Deputy COMUSMACV), 1969–1970; Commander in Chief, U.S. Army Pacific (CINCUSARPAC), 1970–1973; Commander in Chief, U.S. Southern Command (USCINCSO), 1973–1975. | 6 | 1940 (ROTC) | 29 | (1918–2004) |
85 | John L. Throckmorton | 01 Aug 1969 | Commander in Chief, U.S. Strike Command/U.S. Commander in Chief, Middle East, Africa south of the Sahara, and South Asia (USCINCSTRIKE/USCINCMEAFSA), 1969–1972; Commander in Chief, U.S. Readiness Command (USCINCRED), 1972–1973. | 4 | 1935 (USMA) | 34 | (1913–1986) |
86 | John H. Michaelis | 01 Oct 1969 | Commander in Chief, United Nations Command/Commander, U.S. Forces Korea/Commanding General, Eighth U.S. Army (CINCUNC/COMUSFK/CG EUSA), 1969–1972. | 3 | 1936 (USMA) | 33 | (1912–1985) |
87 | Lewis B. Hershey | 23 Dec 1969 | Presidential Advisor on Manpower Mobilization, 1970–1973. | 4 | 1913 (ARNG) | 56 | (1893–1977) [27] Director, Selective Service System, 1941–1970. |
88 | Frederick C. Weyand | 31 Oct 1970 | Deputy Commander, U.S. Military Assistance Command, Vietnam (Deputy COMUSMACV), 1970–1972; Commander, U.S. Military Assistance Command, Vietnam (COMUSMACV), 1972–1973; Vice Chief of Staff, U.S. Army (VCSA), 1973–1974; Chief of Staff, U.S. Army (CSA), 1974–1976. | 6 | 1938 (ROTC) | 32 | (1916– ) |
89 | Henry A. Miley Jr. | 01 Nov 1970 | Commanding General, U.S. Army Materiel Command (CG AMC), 1970–1975. | 5 | 1940 (USMA) | 30 | (1915– ) |
90 | Frank T. Mildren | 01 Apr 1971 | Commander, Allied Land Forces South East Europe (COMLANDSOUTHEAST), 1971–1973. | 2 | 1939 (USMA) | 32 | (1913–1990) |
91 | Michael S. Davison | 26 May 1971 | Commander in Chief, U.S. Army Europe/Commander, Central Army Group (CINCUSAREUR/COMCENTAG), 1971–1975. | 4 | 1939 (USMA) | 32 | (1917–2006) Aunt married ADM Arthur W. Radford, USN. |
92 | George V. Underwood Jr. | 01 Oct 1971 | Commander in Chief, U.S. Southern Command (USCINCSO), 1971–1973. | 2 | 1937 (USMA) | 34 | (1913–1984) |
93 | Donald V. Bennett | 01 Sep 1972 | Commander in Chief, United Nations Command/Commander, U.S. Forces Korea/Commanding General, Eighth U.S. Army (CINCUNC/COMUSFK/CG EUSA), 1972–1973; Commander in Chief, U.S. Army Pacific (CINCUSARPAC), 1973–1974. | 2 | 1940 (USMA) | 32 | (1915–2005) Superintendent, U.S. Military Academy, 1966–1969; Director, Defense Intelligence Agency, 1969–1972. |
94 | Alexander M. Haig Jr. | Jan 1973 | Vice Chief of Staff, U.S Army (VCSA), 1973; Supreme Allied Commander, Europe/Commander in Chief, U.S. European Command (SACEUR/USCINCEUR), 1974–1979. | 5 | 1947 (USMA) | 26 | (1924– ) Deputy National Security Advisor, 1970–1973; White House Chief of Staff, 1973–1974; U.S. Secretary of State, 1981–1982; candidate for Republican Party nomination for U.S. President, 1988. |
95 | Walter T. Kerwin Jr. | 01 Feb 1973 | Commanding General, U.S. Continental Army Command (CG CONARC), 1973; Commanding General, U.S. Army Forces Command (CG FORSCOM), 1973–1974; Vice Chief of Staff, U.S. Army (VCSA), 1974–1978. | 5 | 1939 (USMA) | 34 | (1917– ) |
96 | William E. DePuy | 01 Jul 1973 | Commanding General, U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command (CG TRADOC), 1973–1977. | 4 | 1941 (ROTC) | 32 | (1919–1992) |
97 | Richard G. Stilwell | 31 Jul 1973 | Commander in Chief, United Nations Command/Commander, U.S. Forces Korea/Commanding General, Eighth U.S. Army (CINCUNC/COMUSFK/CG EUSA), 1973–1976. | 3 | 1938 (USMA) | 35 | (1917–1991) U.S. Deputy Undersecretary of Defense for Policy, 1981–1985. |
98 | Melvin Zais | 01 Aug 1973 | Commander, Allied Land Forces South East Europe (COMLANDSOUTHEAST), 1973–1976. | 3 | 1937 (ROTC) | 36 | (1916–1981) |
99 | Bernard W. Rogers | 07 Nov 1974 | Commanding General, U.S. Army Forces Command (CG FORSCOM), 1974–1976; Chief of Staff, U.S. Army (CSA), 1976–1979; Supreme Allied Commander, Europe/Commander in Chief, U.S. European Command (SACEUR/USCINCEUR), 1979–1987. | 13 | 1943 (USMA) | 31 | (1921– ) |
100 | John J. Hennessey | 08 Nov 1974 | Commander in Chief, U.S. Readiness Command (USCINCRED), 1974–1979. | 5 | 1944 (USMA) | 30 | (1921–2001) |
101 | John R. Deane Jr. | 12 Feb 1975 | Commanding General, U.S. Army Materiel Command (CG AMC), 1975–1976; Commanding General, U.S. Army Development and Research Command (CG DARCOM), 1975–1977. | 2 | 1942 (USMA) | 33 | (1919– ) |
102 | George S. Blanchard | 01 Jul 1975 | Commander in Chief, U.S. Army Europe/Commander, Central Army Group (CINCUSAREUR/COMCENTAG), 1975–1979. | 4 | 1944 (USMA) | 31 | (1920–2006) |
103 | William A. Knowlton | 01 Jun 1976 | Commander, Allied Land Forces South East Europe (COMLANDSOUTHEAST), 1976–1977; U.S. Military Representative, NATO Military Committee (USMILREP), 1977–1980. | 4 | 1943 (USMA) | 33 | (1920– ) Superintendent, U.S. Military Academy, 1970–1974. Father-in-law of GEN David H. Petraeus. |
104 | Frederick J. Kroesen Jr. | 01 Oct 1976 | Commanding General, U.S. Army Forces Command (CG FORSCOM), 1976–1978; Vice Chief of Staff, U.S. Army (VCSA), 1978–1979; Commander in Chief, U.S. Army Europe/Commander, Central Army Group (CINCUSAREUR/COMCENTAG), 1979–1983. | 7 | 1943 (ROTC) | 33 | (1923– ) |
105 | John W. Vessey Jr. | 01 Nov 1976 | Commander in Chief, United Nations Command/Commander, U.S. Forces Korea/Commanding General, Eighth U.S. Army (CINCUNC/COMUSFK/CG EUSA), 1976–1978; Commander in Chief, United Nations Command/Commander in Chief, ROK/U.S. Combined Forces Command/Commander, U.S. Forces Korea/Commanding General, Eighth U.S. Army (CINCUNC/CINCCFC/COMUSFK/CG EUSA), 1978–1979; Vice Chief of Staff, U.S. Army (VCSA), 1979–1982; Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (CJCS), 1982–1985. | 9 | 1944 (battlefield) | 32 | (1922– ) Awarded Presidential Medal of Freedom, 1992. |
106 | Donn A. Starry | 01 Jul 1977 | Commanding General, U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command (CG TRADOC), 1977–1981; Commander in Chief, U.S. Readiness Command (USCINCRED), 1981–1983. | 6 | 1948 (USMA) | 29 | (1925– ) |
107 | Sam S. Walker | 1977 | Commander, Allied Land Forces South East Europe (COMLANDSOUTHEAST), 1977–1978. | 1 | 1946 (USMA) | 31 | (1925– ) Superintendent, Virginia Military Institute, 1981–1988. Son of GEN Walton H. Walker. |
108 | John R. Guthrie | 01 May 1977 | Commanding General, U.S. Army Development and Research Command (CG DARCOM), 1977–1981. | 4 | 1942 (ROTC) | 35 | (1921– ) |
109 | Robert M. Shoemaker | 22 Aug 1978 | Commanding General, U.S. Army Forces Command (CG FORSCOM), 1978–1982. | 4 | 1946 (USMA) | 32 | (1924– ) |
110 | Edward C. Meyer | 22 Jun 1979 | Chief of Staff, U.S. Army (CSA), 1979–1983. | 4 | 1951 (USMA) | 28 | (1928– ) |
111 | John A. Wickham Jr. | 10 Jul 1979 | Commander in Chief, United Nations Command/Commander in Chief, ROK/U.S. Combined Forces Command/Commander, U.S. Forces Korea/Commanding General, Eighth U.S. Army (CINCUNC/CINCCFC/COMUSFK/CG EUSA), 1979–1982; Vice Chief of Staff, U.S. Army (VCSA), 1982–1983; Chief of Staff, U.S. Army (CSA), 1983–1987. | 8 | 1950 (USMA) | 29 | (1928– ) |
112 | Volney F. Warner | 01 Aug 1979 | Commander in Chief, U.S. Readiness Command (USCINCRED), 1979–1981. | 2 | 1950 (USMA) | 29 | (1926– ) |
113 | Donald R. Keith | Aug 1981 | Commanding General, U.S. Army Development and Research Command (CG DARCOM), 1981–1984. | 3 | 1949 (USMA) | 32 | (1927–2004) |
114 | Glenn K. Otis | 01 Aug 1981 | Commanding General, U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command (CG TRADOC), 1981–1983; Commander in Chief, U.S. Army Europe/Commander, Central Army Group (CINCUSAREUR/COMCENTAG), 1983–1988. | 7 | 1953 (USMA) | 28 | (1929– ) |
115 | Richard E. Cavazos | 19 Feb 1982 | Commanding General, U.S. Army Forces Command (CG FORSCOM), 1982–1984. | 2 | 1951 (ROTC) | 31 | (1929– ) |
116 | Robert W. Sennewald | 24 May 1982 | Commander in Chief, United Nations Command/Commander in Chief, ROK/U.S. Combined Forces Command/Commander, U.S. Forces Korea/Commanding General, Eighth U.S. Army (CINCUNC/CINCCFC/COMUSFK/CG EUSA), 1982–1984; Commanding General, U.S. Army Forces Command (CG FORSCOM), 1984–1986. | 4 | 1951 (ROTC) | 31 | (1929– ) |
117 | Roscoe Robinson Jr. | 30 Aug 1982 | U.S. Military Representative, NATO Military Committee (USMILREP), 1982–1985. | 3 | 1951 (USMA) | 31 | (1928–1993) |
118 | William R. Richardson | 28 Feb 1983 | Commanding General, U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command (CG TRADOC), 1983–1986. | 3 | 1951 (USMA) | 32 | (1929– ) |
119 | Paul F. Gorman | 25 May 1983 | Commander in Chief, U.S. Southern Command (USCINCSO), 1983–1985. | 2 | 1950 (USMA) | 33 | (1927– ) |
120 | Wallace H. Nutting | 25 May 1983 | Commander in Chief, U.S. Readiness Command (USCINCRED), 1983–1985. | 2 | 1950 (USMA) | 33 | (1928– ) |
121 | Maxwell R. Thurman | 23 Jun 1983 | Vice Chief of Staff, U.S. Army (VCSA), 1983–1987; Commanding General, U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command (CG TRADOC), 1987–1989; Commander in Chief, U.S. Southern Command (USCINCSO), 1989–1990. | 7 | 1953 (ROTC) | 30 | (1931–1995) |
122 | William J. Livsey | May 1984 | Commander in Chief, United Nations Command/Commander in Chief, ROK/U.S. Combined Forces Command/Commander, U.S. Forces Korea/Commanding General, Eighth U.S. Army (CINCUNC/CINCCFC/COMUSFK/CG EUSA), 1984–1987. | 3 | 1952 (ROTC) | 32 | (1931– ) |
123 | Richard H. Thompson | 29 Jun 1984 | Commanding General, U.S. Army Development and Research Command (CG DARCOM), 1984; Commanding General, U.S. Army Materiel Command (CG AMC), 1984–1987. | 3 | 1950 (direct) | 34 | (1926– ) |
124 | Robert C. Kingston | 06 Nov 1984 | Commander in Chief, U.S. Central Command (USCINCCENT), 1983–1985. | 1 | 1949 (OCS) | 35 | (1928–2007) |
125 | John R. Galvin | 25 Feb 1985 | Commander in Chief, U.S. Southern Command (USCINCSO), 1985–1987; Supreme Allied Commander, Europe/Commander in Chief, U.S. European Command (SACEUR/USCINCEUR), 1987–1992. | 7 | 1954 (USMA) | 31 | (1929– ) U.S. Special Representative to Bosnia and Herzegovina, 1994. |
126 | Fred K. Mahaffey | Jun 1985 | Commander in Chief, U.S. Readiness Command (USCINCRED), 1985–1986. | 1 | 1955 (ROTC) | 30 | (1934–1986) |
127 | Jack N. Merritt | 01 Dec 1985 | U.S. Military Representative, NATO Military Committee (USMILREP), 1985–1987. | 2 | 1953 (OCS) | 32 | (1930– ) |
128 | Carl E. Vuono | 01 Jul 1986 | Commanding General, U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command (CG TRADOC), 1986–1987; Chief of Staff, U.S. Army (CSA), 1987–1991. | 5 | 1957 (USMA) | 29 | (1934– ) |
129 | Joseph T. Palastra Jr. | 01 Jul 1986 | Commanding General, U.S. Army Forces Command (CG FORSCOM), 1986–1987; Commander in Chief, Forces Command (CINCFOR), 1987–1989. | 3 | 1954 (USMA) | 32 | (1931– ) |
130 | James J. Lindsay | 10 Oct 1986 | Commander in Chief, U.S. Readiness Command (USCINCRED), 1986–1987; Commander in Chief, U.S. Special Operations Command (USCINCSOC), 1987–1990. | 4 | 1953 (OCS) | 33 | (1932– ) |
131 | Frederick F. Woerner Jr. | 1987 | Commander in Chief, U.S. Southern Command (USCINCSO), 1987–1989. | 2 | 1955 (USMA) | 32 | (1933– ) Relieved, 1989. |
132 | Louis C. Wagner Jr. | 13 Apr 1987 | Commanding General, U.S. Army Materiel Command (CG AMC), 1987–1989. | 2 | 1954 (USMA) | 33 | (1932– ) |
133 | Arthur E. Brown Jr. | 24 Jun 1987 | Vice Chief of Staff, U.S. Army (VCSA), 1987–1989. | 2 | 1953 (USMA) | 34 | (1929– ) |
134 | Louis C. Menetrey | 24 Jun 1987 | Commander in Chief, United Nations Command/Commander in Chief, ROK/U.S. Combined Forces Command/Commander, U.S. Forces Korea/Commanding General, Eighth U.S. Army (CINCUNC/CINCCFC/COMUSFK/CG EUSA), 1987–1990. | 3 | 1953 (ROTC) | 34 | (1929– ) |
135 | Crosbie E. Saint | 24 Jun 1988 | Commander in Chief, U.S. Army Europe/Commander, Central Army Group (CINCUSAREUR/COMCENTAG), 1988–1992. | 4 | 1958 (USMA) | 30 | (1936– ) |
136 | H. Norman Schwarzkopf | Nov 1988 | Commander in Chief, U.S. Central Command (USCINCCENT), 1988–1991. | 3 | 1956 (USMA) | 32 | (1934– ) Awarded Presidential Medal of Freedom, 1991; Congressional Gold Medal, 1991. |
137 | Robert W. RisCassi | 17 Jan 1989 | Vice Chief of Staff, U.S. Army (VCSA), 1989–1990; Commander in Chief, United Nations Command/Commander in Chief, ROK/U.S. Combined Forces Command/Commander, U.S. Forces Korea/Commanding General, Eighth U.S. Army (CINCUNC/CINCCFC/COMUSFK/CG EUSA), 1990–1992; Commander in Chief, United Nations Command/Commander in Chief, ROK/U.S. Combined Forces Command/Commander, U.S. Forces Korea (CINCUNC/CINCCFC/COMUSFK), 1992–1993. | 4 | 1958 (ROTC) | 31 | (1936– ) |
138 | Colin L. Powell | 04 Apr 1989 | Commander in Chief, Forces Command (CINCFOR), 1989; Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (CJCS), 1989–1993. | 4 | 1958 (ROTC) | 31 | (1937– ) Deputy National Security Advisor, 1987; National Security Advisor, 1987–1989; U.S. Secretary of State, 2001–2005. Awarded Congressional Gold Medal, 1991; Presidential Medal of Freedom, 1991 and, with distinction, 1993. |
139 | John W. Foss | Aug 1989 | Commanding General, U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command (CG TRADOC), 1989–1991. | 2 | 1956 (USMA) | 33 | (1933– ) |
140 | Edwin H. Burba Jr. | Sep 1989 | Commander in Chief, Forces Command (CINCFOR), 1989–1993. | 4 | 1959 (USMA) | 30 | (1936– ) |
141 | William G.T. Tuttle Jr. | 27 Sep 1989 | Commanding General, U.S. Army Materiel Command (CG AMC), 1989–1992. | 3 | 1958 (USMA) | 31 | (1935– ) |
142 | Gordon R. Sullivan | 04 Jun 1990 | Vice Chief of Staff, U.S. Army (VCSA), 1990–1991; Chief of Staff, U.S. Army (CSA), 1991–1995. | 5 | 1959 (Norwich) | 31 | (1937– ) |
143 | Carl W. Stiner | 01 Jul 1990 | Commander in Chief, U.S. Special Operations Command (USCINCSOC), 1990–1993. | 3 | 1958 (ROTC) | 32 | (1936– ) |
144 | George A. Joulwan | 21 Nov 1990 | Commander in Chief, U.S. Southern Command (USCINCSO), 1990–1993; Supreme Allied Commander, Europe/Commander in Chief, U.S. European Command (SACEUR/USCINCEUR), 1993–1997. | 7 | 1961 (USMA) | 29 | (1939– ) |
145 | Dennis J. Reimer | 21 Jun 1991 | Vice Chief of Staff, U.S. Army (VCSA), 1991–1993; Commander in Chief, Forces Command (CINCFOR), 1993; Commanding General, U.S. Army Forces Command (CG FORSCOM), 1993–1995; Chief of Staff, U.S. Army (CSA), 1995–1999. | 8 | 1962 (USMA) | 29 | (1939– ) |
146 | Frederick M. Franks Jr. | 23 Aug 1991 | Commanding General, U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command (CG TRADOC), 1991–1994. | 3 | 1959 (USMA) | 32 | (1936– ) |
147 | Jimmy D. Ross | 01 Feb 1992 | Commanding General, U.S. Army Materiel Command (CG AMC), 1992–1994. | 2 | 1958 (ROTC) | 34 | (1936– ) |
148 | John M.D. Shalikashvili | 24 Jun 1992 | Supreme Allied Commander, Europe/Commander in Chief, U.S. European Command (SACEUR/USCINCEUR), 1992–1993; Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (CJCS), 1993–1997. | 5 | 1959 (OCS) | 33 | (1936– ) Awarded Presidential Medal of Freedom, 1997. |
149 | David M. Maddox | 09 Jul 1992 | Commander in Chief, U.S. Army Europe/Commander, Central Army Group (CINCUSAREUR/COMCENTAG), 1992–1993; Commander in Chief, U.S. Army Europe (CINCUSAREUR), 1993–1994. | 2 | 1960 (VMI) | 32 | (1938– ) |
150 | J. H. Binford Peay III | 26 Mar 1993 | Vice Chief of Staff, U.S. Army (VCSA), 1993–1994; Commander in Chief, U.S. Central Command (USCINCCENT), 1994–1997. | 4 | 1962 (VMI) | 31 | (1940– ) Superintendent, Virginia Military Institute, 2003–present. |
151 | Wayne A. Downing | 20 May 1993 | Commander in Chief, U.S. Special Operations Command (USCINCSOC), 1993–1996. | 3 | 1962 (USMA) | 31 | (1940–2007) Deputy National Security Advisor for Combating Terrorism, 2001–2002. |
152 | Gary E. Luck | 01 Jul 1993 | Commander in Chief, United Nations Command/Commander in Chief, ROK/U.S. Combined Forces Command/Commander, U.S. Forces Korea (CINCUNC/CINCCFC/COMUSFK), 1993–1996. | 3 | 1960 (ROTC) | 33 | (1937– ) |
153 | Leon E. Salomon | 11 Feb 1994 | Commanding General, U.S. Army Materiel Command (CG AMC), 1994–1996. | 2 | 1959 (OCS) | 35 | (1936– ) |
154 | Barry R. McCaffrey | 17 Feb 1994 | Commander in Chief, U.S. Southern Command (USCINCSO), 1994–1996. | 2 | 1964 (USMA) | 30 | (1942– ) Director, National Drug Control Policy, 1996–2001. |
155 | John H. Tilelli Jr. | 19 Jul 1994 | Vice Chief of Staff, U.S. Army (VCSA), 1994–1995; Commanding General, U.S. Army Forces Command (CG FORSCOM), 1995–1996; Commander in Chief, United Nations Command/Commander in Chief, ROK/U.S. Combined Forces Command/Commander, U.S. Forces Korea (CINCUNC/CINCCFC/COMUSFK), 1996–1999. | 5 | 1963 (PMC) [28] | 31 | (1941– ) |
156 | William W. Hartzog | 01 Dec 1994 | Commanding General, U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command (CG TRADOC), 1994–1998. | 4 | 1963 (Citadel) | 31 | (1941– ) |
157 | William W. Crouch | 01 Jan 1995 | Commander in Chief, U.S. Army Europe (CINCUSAREUR), 1994–1996; Commander in Chief, U.S. Army Europe/Commander, Allied Land Forces Central Europe (CINCUSAREUR/COMLANDCENT), 1996–1997; Vice Chief of Staff, U.S. Army (VCSA), 1997–1998. | 3 | 1963 (ROTC) | 32 | (1941– ) |
158 | Ronald H. Griffith | 06 Jun 1995 | Vice Chief of Staff, U.S. Army (VCSA), 1995–1997. | 2 | 1960 (ROTC) | 35 | (1936– ) |
159 | Henry H. Shelton | 01 Mar 1996 | Commander in Chief, U.S. Special Operations Command (USCINCSOC), 1996–1997; Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff (CJCS), 1997–2001. | 5 | 1964 (ROTC) | 32 | (1942– ) Awarded Congressional Gold Medal, 2002. |
160 | Johnnie E. Wilson | 01 May 1996 | Commanding General, U.S. Army Materiel Command (CG AMC), 1996–1999. | 3 | 1967 (OCS) | 29 | (1944– ) |
161 | Wesley K. Clark | 21 Jun 1996 | Commander in Chief, U.S. Southern Command (USCINCSO), 1996–1997; Supreme Allied Commander, Europe/Commander in Chief, U.S. European Command (SACEUR/USCINCEUR), 1997–2000. | 4 | 1966 (USMA) | 30 | (1944– ) Candidate for Democratic Party nomination for U.S. President, 2004. Awarded Presidential Medal of Freedom, 2000. |
162 | David A. Bramlett | 01 Sep 1996 | Commanding General, U.S. Army Forces Command (CG FORSCOM), 1996–1998. | 2 | 1964 (USMA) | 32 | (1941– ) |
163 | Eric K. Shinseki | 05 Aug 1997 | Commanding General, U.S. Army Europe/Commander, Allied Land Forces Central Europe (CG USAREUR/COMLANDCENT), 1997–1998; Commanding General, U.S. Army Europe (CG USAREUR), 1998; Vice Chief of Staff, U.S. Army (VCSA), 1998–1999; Chief of Staff, U.S. Army (CSA), 1999–2003. | 6 | 1965 (USMA) | 32 | (1942– ) |
164 | Peter J. Schoomaker | 04 Oct 1997 | Commander in Chief, U.S. Special Operations Command (USCINCSOC), 1997–2000; Chief of Staff, U.S. Army (CSA), 2003–2007. | 7 | 1969 (ROTC) | 28 | (1946– ) [29] |
165 | John N. Abrams | 1998 | Commanding General, U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command (CG TRADOC), 1998–2002. | 4 | 1968 (OCS) | 30 | (1946– ) Son of GEN Creighton W. Abrams Jr. |
166 | Montgomery C. Meigs | 1998 | Commanding General, U.S. Army Europe (CG USAREUR), 1998–2002. | 4 | 1967 (USMA) | 31 | (1945– ) Director, Joint Improvised Explosive Device Defeat Organization, 2005–2007. Distant cousin of ADM Montgomery M. Taylor, USN. |
167 | Thomas A. Schwartz | 31 Aug 1998 | Commanding General, U.S. Army Forces Command (CG FORSCOM), 1998–1999; Commander in Chief, United Nations Command/Commander in Chief, ROK/U.S. Combined Forces Command/Commander, U.S. Forces Korea (CINCUNC/CINCCFC/COMUSFK), 1999–2002. | 4 | 1967 (USMA) | 31 | (1945– ) |
168 | John M. Keane | 1999 | Vice Chief of Staff, U.S. Army (VCSA), 1999–2003. | 4 | 1966 (ROTC) | 33 | (1943– ) |
169 | John G. Coburn | 14 May 1999 | Commanding General, U.S. Army Materiel Command (CG AMC), 1999–2001. | 2 | 1963 (ROTC) | 36 | (1941– ) |
170 | John W. Hendrix | 23 Nov 1999 | Commanding General, U.S. Army Forces Command (CG FORSCOM), 1999–2001. | 2 | 1965 (ROTC) | 34 | (1942– ) |
171 | Tommy R. Franks | Jun 2000 | Commander in Chief, U.S. Central Command (USCINCCENT), 2000–2002; Commander, U.S. Central Command (CDRUSCENTCOM), 2002–2003. | 3 | 1967 (OCS) | 33 | (1945– ) Awarded Presidential Medal of Freedom, 2004. |
172 | William F. Kernan | Jul 2000 | Supreme Allied Commander, Atlantic/Commander in Chief, U.S. Joint Forces Command (SACLANT/CINCUSJFCOM), 2000–2002. | 2 | 1968 (OCS) | 32 | (1946– ) |
173 | Larry R. Ellis | 2001 | Commanding General, U.S. Army Forces Command (CG FORSCOM), 2001–2004. | 3 | 1969 (ROTC) | 32 | (1946– ) |
174 | Paul J. Kern | 30 Oct 2001 | Commanding General, U.S. Army Materiel Command (CG AMC), 2001–2004. | 3 | 1967 (USMA) | 34 | (1945– ) |
175 | Leon J. LaPorte | 01 May 2002 | Commander in Chief, United Nations Command/Commander in Chief, ROK/U.S. Combined Forces Command/Commander, U.S. Forces Korea (CINCUNC/CINCCFC/COMUSFK), 2002; Commander, United Nations Command/Commander, ROK/U.S. Combined Forces Command/Commander, U.S. Forces Korea (CDRUNC/CDRCFC/COMUSFK), 2002–2006. | 4 | 1968 (ROTC) | 34 | (1946– ) |
176 | James T. Hill | 18 Aug 2002 | Commander in Chief, United States Southern Command (USCINCSO), 2002; Commander, U.S. Southern Command (CDRUSSOUTHCOM), 2002–2004. | 2 | 1968 (ROTC) | 34 | (1946– ) |
177 | Kevin P. Byrnes | 07 Nov 2002 | Commanding General, U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command (CG TRADOC), 2002–2005. | 3 | 1969 (OCS) | 33 | (1950– ) [30] Relieved, 2005. |
178 | Burwell B. Bell III | 03 Dec 2002 | Commanding General, U.S. Army Europe (CG USAREUR), 2002–2005; Commander, United Nations Command/Commander, ROK/U.S. Combined Forces Command/Commander, U.S. Forces Korea (CDRUNC/CDRCFC/COMUSFK), 2006–present | 6 | 1969 (ROTC) | 33 | (1947– ) |
179 | John P. Abizaid | 27 Jun 2003 | Commander, U.S. Central Command (CDRUSCENTCOM), 2003–2007. | 4 | 1973 (USMA) | 30 | (1951– ) |
180 | Bryan D. Brown | 25 Aug 2003 | Commander, U.S. Special Operations Command (CDRUSSOCOM), 2003–2007. | 4 | 1970 (OCS) | 33 | (1948– ) |
181 | George W. Casey Jr. | 01 Dec 2003 | Vice Chief of Staff, U.S. Army (VCSA), 2003–2004; Commanding General, Multi-National Force - Iraq (CG MNF-I), 2004–2007; Chief of Staff, U.S. Army (CSA), 2007–present | 5 | 1970 (ROTC) | 33 | (1948– ) |
182 | Bantz J. Craddock | 2004 | Commander, U.S. Southern Command (CDRUSSOUTHCOM), 2004–2006; Supreme Allied Commander, Europe/Commander, U.S. European Command (SACEUR/CDRUSEUCOM), 2006–present | 4 | 1971 (ROTC) | 33 | (1949– ) |
183 | Richard A. Cody | 24 Jun 2004 | Vice Chief of Staff, U.S. Army (VCSA), 2004–present | 4 | 1972 (USMA) | 32 | (1950– ) |
184 | Dan K. McNeill | 01 Jul 2004 | Commanding General, U.S. Army Forces Command (CG FORSCOM), 2004–2007; Commander, International Security Assistance Force (COMISAF), 2007–present | 4 | 1968 (ROTC) | 36 | (1946– ) |
185 | Benjamin S. Griffin | 05 Nov 2004 | Commanding General, U.S. Army Materiel Command (CG AMC), 2004–present | 4 | 1970 (OCS) | 34 | (1946– ) |
186 | William S. Wallace | 2005 | Commanding General, U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command (CG TRADOC), 2005–present | 3 | 1969 (USMA) | 36 | (1946– ) |
187 | David D. McKiernan | Dec 2005 | Commanding General, U.S. Army Europe (CG USAREUR), 2005–present; Commander, International Security Assistance Force (COMISAF) | 3 | 1972 (ROTC) | 33 | (1950– ) [31] |
188 | William E. Ward | 2006 | Deputy Commander, U.S. European Command (DCDRUSEUCOM), 2006–2007; Commander, U.S. Africa Command (CDRUSAFRICOM), 2007–present | 2 | 1971 (ROTC) | 35 | (1949– ) U.S. Security Coordinator, Israel-Palestinian Authority, 2005. |
189 | Charles C. Campbell | 09 Jan 2007 | Commanding General, U.S. Army Forces Command (CG FORSCOM), 2007–present | 1 | 1970 (ROTC) | 37 | (1948– ) |
190 | David H. Petraeus | 10 Feb 2007 | Commanding General, Multi-National Force - Iraq (CG MNF-I), 2007–present; Commander, U.S. Central Command (CDRUSCENTCOM) | 1 | 1974 (USMA) | 33 | (1952– ) [32] Son-in-law of GEN William A. Knowlton. |
191 | Martin E. Dempsey | Commanding General, U.S. Army Europe (CG USAREUR) | 0 | 1974 (USMA) | 34 | (1952– ) [33] | |
192 | Raymond T. Odierno | Commanding General, Multi-National Force - Iraq (CG MNF-I) | 0 | 1976 (USMA) | 32 | (19??– ) [34] | |
193 | Walter L. Sharp | Commander, United Nations Command/Commander, ROK/U.S. Combined Forces Command/Commander, U.S. Forces Korea (CDRUNC/CDRCFC/COMUSFK) | 0 | 1974 (USMA) | 34 | (1952– ) [35] | |
194 | Peter W. Chiarelli | Vice Chief of Staff, U.S. Army (VCSA) | 0 | 1972 (ROTC) | 36 | (1950– ) [36] |
[edit] Timeline
[edit] Four-star positions
[edit] 1860–1941
[edit] 1941–present
[edit] See also
- General (United States)
- List of United States four-star officers
- List of United States Navy four-star admirals
- List of United States Air Force four-star generals
- List of United States Marine Corps four-star generals
- List of United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps four-star admirals
- List of United States military leaders by rank
[edit] Notes
- ^ a b c d Dates of rank are taken, where available, from the U.S. Army register of active and retired commissioned officers, or from the World Almanac and Book of Facts. The date listed is that of the officer's first promotion to general.
- ^ a b c d The number of years on active duty at four-star rank is approximated by subtracting the year in the "Date of rank" column from the last year in the "Position" column. Time spent between active duty four-star assignments is not counted, nor is time spent on special duty as an unassigned general of the Army.
- ^ a b c d The number of years in commission before being promoted to four-star rank is approximated by subtracting the year in the "Commission" column from the year in the "Date of rank" column.
- ^ Commissioned general in the Continental Army, 1775; resigned, 1783; commissioned lieutenant general in the U.S. Army, 1798; promoted to General of the Armies, 11 Oct 1976 (Public Law 94-479), with date of rank 04 Jul 1976.
- ^ Resigned, 1869, to serve as President; reappointed general and placed on the retired list, 03 Mar 1885.
- ^ Brevetted general, May 1918
- ^ a b Reverted to major general upon expiration of wartime legislation, 30 Jun 1920; advanced to general on the retired list, 21 Jun 1930, as highest grade held during World War I.
- ^ Reverted to major general, 20 Nov 1930; retired as general, 31 Mar 1931.
- ^ Reverted to major general, 01 Oct 1935; retired as general, 31 Dec 1937; recalled as major general, 26 Jul 1941; promoted to lieutenant general, 27 Jul 1941; promoted to general, 18 Dec 1941, with rank from 16 Sep 1936; promoted to general of the Army, 18 Dec 1944; rank made permanent, 11 Apr 1946 (Act of 23 Mar 1946); restored to active list, 9 Jul 1948 (Public Law 804, 80th Congress); relieved of all commands, 11 Apr 1951.
- ^ Retired as general, Aug 1939; recalled as general, Sep 1941.
- ^ a b c Received a direct commission following graduation from a military college prior to the creation of ROTC.
- ^ Promoted to general of the Army, 16 Dec 1944; rank made permanent, 11 Apr 1946 (Act of 23 Mar 1946); retired as general of the Army, 28 Feb 1947; restored to active list, 1 Mar 1949 (Public Law 804, 80th Congress).
- ^ Advanced to general on the retired list, 15 Jun 1940, as former chief of staff of the Army.
- ^ Retired from active service as general of the Army, 1948; recalled as general of the Army, Dec 1950; resigned, 1952, to run for President; reappointed general of the Army, Mar 1961.
- ^ a b c d Transferred to U.S. Air Force, Sep 1947.
- ^ Retired as major general, 31 Jan 1945; recalled 01 Feb 1945; promoted to general, 05 Mar 1945; advanced to general on the retired list, 12 Jul 1946; retired, 20 Jul 1946.
- ^ Retired as major general, 30 Apr 1946; advanced to general on the retired list, 04 Jun 1948.
- ^ Nomination as U.S. Ambassador to Vatican City withdrawn, 1951.
- ^ Died in car crash, 23 Dec 1950; posthumously promoted to general by Act of Congress, 02 Jan 1951.
- ^ Retired as general, Jul 1959; recalled as general, Jul 1961.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Advanced to general on the retired list, 19 Jul 1954, by Public Law 83-508, which authorized promotion for any lieutenant general who, during World War II, commanded Army Ground Forces, commanded an army in any of the Theaters of Operations, or was commanding general of U.S. forces in China and chief of staff to Chiang Kai-shek.
- ^ Retired as major general, May 1943; recalled as lieutenant general, May 1943; retired as major general, Jul 1945; advanced to general on the retired list, 19 Jul 1954.
- ^ Retired as general, Aug 1963; recalled as general, Sep 1963.
- ^ Retired as general, Dec 1959; recalled as general, Jan 1960.
- ^ Retired as general, Jul 1970; recalled as general, Aug 1970.
- ^ Retired as general, Dec 1974; recalled as lieutenant general, Jun 1977; retired as general, Jul 1981.
- ^ Transferred from U.S. National Guard, 1920; retired, 1947; retained on active duty until 1973; advanced to general on the retired list, Feb 1970, with date of rank 23 Dec 1969.
- ^ Graduated from Pennsylvania Military College, which was reorganized as a civilian institution in 1972 and is now Widener University.
- ^ Retired as general, Nov 2000; recalled as general, Aug 2003.
- ^ Relieved, Jul 2005, and retired as lieutenant general.
- ^ Nominated as Commander, International Security Assistance Force (COMISAF), 18 Jan 2008.
- ^ Nomination as Commander, U.S. Central Command (CDRUSCENTCOM) announced, Apr 2008.
- ^ Nominated as Commanding General, U.S. Army Europe (CG USAREUR), 05 Feb 2008.
- ^ Nomination as Vice Chief of Staff, U.S. Army (VCSA) withdrawn, 2008. Nomination as Commanding General, Multi-National Force - Iraq (CG MNF-I) announced, Apr 2008.
- ^ Nominated as Commander, United Nations Command/Commander, ROK/U.S. Combined Forces Command/Commander, U.S. Forces Korea (CDRUNC/CDRCFC/COMUSFK), 15 Feb 2008.
- ^ Nomination as Vice Chief of Staff, U.S. Army (VCSA) announced, Apr 2008.
[edit] References
- Air Force Association (May 2006), “USAF Almanac 2006”, Air Force Magazine 89 (5), <http://www.afa.org/magazine/may2006/0506structure.pdf>
- Bell, William Gardner (2005), Commanding Generals and Chiefs of Staff 1775-2005: Portraits & Biographical Sketches of the United States Army's Senior Officer, Washington D.C.: Department of the Army, <http://www.army.mil/cmh-pg/books/cg&csa/CG-TOC.htm>
- Cline, Ray S. (1951), United States Army in World War II - Washington Command Post: The Operations Division, Washington D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, <http://www.army.mil/cmh-pg/books/wwii/WCP/AppendixB.htm>
- Cole, Ronald H.; Poole, Walter S.; Schnabel, James F.; Watson, Robert J. & Webb, Willard J. (1995), The History of the Unified Command Plan, 1946-1993, Washington D.C.: Office of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, <http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/jel/history/ucp.pdf>
- Heaton, Dean R. (1995), Four Stars: The Super Stars of United States Military History, Baltimore: Gateway Press
- Meyer, Edward C.; Ancell, R. Manning & Mahaffey, Jane (1995), Who Will Lead? Senior Leadership in the United States Army, Westport: Praeger Publishers
- North Atlantic Treaty Organization, Senior officials in the NATO military structure, from 1949 to 2001, <http://www.nato.int/cv/ace-k-p.pdf>
- United States Army Europe, USAREUR Commanders, <http://www.history.hqusareur.army.mil/USAREURCommanders.htm>
- United States Army Materiel Command Historical Office, A brief history of U.S. Army Materiel Command and biographies of AMC's commanding generals, <http://www.amc.army.mil/amc/ho/amc_cg/amccgbios.html>
- United States Department of the Army (1948-1970, 1972, 1974, 1976), United States Army Register, Washington D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office
- World Almanac and Book of Facts (New York: World Almanac Education Group, Inc.), 1946-1947, 1977, 1981, 1984, 1988, 1990, 1992, 2004, 2006
- Yoon, Taeyoung (Spring 2005), “The ROK-U.S. Combined Command and Control System and Crisis Management Procedures”, International Area Review 8 (1), <http://segero.hufs.ac.kr/library/iar/iar14-8.pdf>