List of Unitarians, Universalists, and Unitarian Universalists

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This is an incomplete list, which may never be able to satisfy certain standards for completeness.
Revisions and sourced additions are welcome.

A number of noted people have considered themselves Unitarians, Universalists, and following the merger of these denominations in the United States and Canada in 1961, Unitarian Universalists. Additionally, there are persons who, because of their writings or reputation, are considered to have held Unitarian or Universalist beliefs. Individuals who held unitarian (nontrinitarian) beliefs but were not affiliated with Unitarian organizations are often referred to as "small 'u'" unitarians. The same principle can be applied to those who believed in universal salvation but were not members of Universalist organizations. This article, therefore, makes the distinction between capitalized "Unitarians" and "Universalists" and lowercase "unitarians" and "universalists".

It should be noted that the Unitarians and Universalists are groups that existed long before the creation of Unitarian Universalism.

Many historical Unitarians did not hold Universalist beliefs, and many historical Universalists did not hold Unitarian beliefs. But beginning in the Nineteenth century, and even earlier, the theologies of the two groups started becoming more similar.

Additionally, the merger did not eliminate divergent Unitarian and Universalist congregations, especially outside the US. Even in the US there are congregations which still keep only one of the two names "Unitarian" or "Universalist" (though with only a few exceptions, are all part of the Unitarian Universalist Association (UUA)); even those which maintain dual affiliation (e.g. Unitarian and Quaker). Transcendentalism was a movement that diverged from contemporary American Unitarianism but has been embraced by later Unitarians and Unitarian Universalists.

Also note that in Ireland and in Northern Ireland, Unitarian churches are officially called "Non-Subscribing Presbyterian", but are informally known as "Unitarian" and are affiliated with the Unitarian churches of the rest of the world.

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[edit] Footnotes, citations and references

  1. ^ Biographical Information for Abbot, Francis Ellingwood. Family Papers, 1815-1940, hosted at the website of Andover-Harvard Theological Library, Harvard Divinity School, and maintained by Frances O'Donnell, October 12, 2005 (Retrieved 28 August 2007).
  2. ^ Abigail Adams
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq Notable American Unitarians, 1936-1961, a project of the First Parish and the First Church in Cambridge (Unitarian Universalist), hosted at the website of Harvard Square Library. Project advisors: Gloria Korsman, Andover-Harvard Theological Library; Conrad Edick Wright, Massachusetts Historical Society; and Conrad Wright, Harvard Divinity School. (Archived 3 July 2007)
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p "Some famous Unitarians include Presidents John Adams and John Quincy Adams, Louisa May Alcott, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Paul Revere, President William Howard Taft, and Frank Lloyd Wright... Important figures from this period in Unitarian history include John Biddle, Francis David, Michael Servetus, King John Sigismund and Faustus Socinus... The influential Unitarians from this era included William Ellery Channing, Theodore Parker, Joseph Priestly, and Thomas Starr King, who was also a Universalist." Unitarianism, UUA.org, July 31, 2007. (Retrieved 27 August 2007)
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Recent Scholarship in American Universalism: A Bibliographical Essay, Alan Seaburg, Church History, Vol. 41, No. 4. (Dec., 1972), pp. 513-523. (Retrieved 28 August 2007)
  6. ^ "Delineated in detail are formative influences such as her... religious environment (Quaker and Unitarian)..." Suffrage for All, Review of Susan B. Anthony: Rebel, Crusader, Humanitarian by Alma Lutz. Review author: Hazel Browne Williams, The Phylon Quarterly, Vol. 20, No. 2. (2nd Qtr., 1959), p. 205. (Retrieved 25 August 2007)
  7. ^ "Ballou, the son of a poor Calvinist Baptist preacher, was converted to Universalism and began preaching the new “heresy” on a Calvinistic basis in 1791… His first sermon on a Unitarian and Arian base was preached in 1795. Within ten years, through the power of his argumentation, and against the opposition of the prominent Universalist John Murray, Ballou had converted the Universalist ministry to Unitarianism."Hosea Ballou, Preacher of Universal Salvation, Ernest Cassara, Church History, Vol. 26, No. 4. (Dec., 1957), p. 382. (Retrieved 25 August 2007)
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Some famous Universalists include Clara Barton, Olympia Brown, Thomas Starr King, Horace Greeley, George Pullman, Mary Livermore, and Benjamin Rush. ...Universalist beliefs have been proclaimed for thousands of years, starting with Origen in 200 CE and continuing through to James Relly in the sixteen hundreds... Universalists including Hosea Ballou, John Murray, and Benjamin Rush helped to spread and develop their faith's teachings throughout the denomination's early years." Universalism, UUA.org, August 1, 2007. (Retrieved 27 August 2007)
  9. ^ Seaburg, Alan. P. T. Barnum. Unitarian Universalist Historical Society. (Retrieved 20 February 2008).
  10. ^ The Jubilee Singers
  11. ^ a b "The Struggle for Racial Justice describes the key roles played by Unitarian and Universalist women... These women included Clara Barton, founder of the American Red Cross, and Julia Ward Howe, who wrote 'The Battle Hymn of the Republic.'" Exhibit "Standing Before Us: Unitarian Universalist Women and Social Reform" On Display at Women's Rights National Historical Park, Women's Rights National Historical Park news release, Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Contact: Vivien Rose. (Accessed 28 August 2007)
  12. ^ a b c d e f g h "Some Unitarian Universalists of whom you may already have heard include Tim Berners-Lee, Paul Newman, Christopher Reeve, May Sarton, Pete Seeger, and Kurt Vonnegut... Unitarian Universalists James Reeb and Viola Liuzzo were killed because of their participation in this protest..." Unitarian Universalism, UUA.org, March 1, 2007. (Retrieved 28 August 2007)
  13. ^ "...he was director of the American Unitarian Association (1942-48) and in 1949 began the first of five years as a director of the Unitarian Service Committee (1949-54). He was... chairman, Unitarian Development Fund Campaign (1959-62)." Hall of Fame: Percival Flack Brundage, Fisher College of Business at The Ohio State University, 1994-2004. (Archived. Retrieved 26 August 2007)
  14. ^ UUA: The John A. Buehrens Ministerial Scholarships (2 Scholarships)
  15. ^ a b c Vision & Values in a Post-9/11 World: A curriculum on Civil Liberties, Patriotism, and the U.S. Role Abroad for Unitarian Universalist Congregations, Developed by Pamela Sparr on behalf of the Unitarian Universalist Association of Congregations, Spring 2002. (Retrieved 28 August 2007)
  16. ^ Ruston, Alan. Neville Chamberlain. Unitarian Universalist Historical Society. Retrieved on 2007-02-23.
  17. ^ Channing favored organized Unitarianism early in his career, but would later distance himself from Unitarianism as a sect, which he believed had become too orthodox, and would identify himself as an "independent Christian." Channing and Transcendentalism, Arthur I. Ladu, American Literature, Vol. 11, No. 2. (May, 1939), pp. 129-137. (Retrieved 25 August 2007)
  18. ^ Chauncy, Charles. (2007). In Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved August 29, 2007, from Encyclopædia Britannica Online
  19. ^ Kent Conrad on the issues
  20. ^ Charles Dickens
  21. ^ Keohane, John. Paul Douglas. Unitarian Universalist Historical Society. Retrieved on 2007-02-23.
  22. ^ "For 22 years he served as a parish minister of Unitarian churches in the Pacific Northwest." About the Author, from the official website of Robert Fulghum, 2006. (Retrieved 28 August 2007)
  23. ^ Mike Gravel's Unitarian Universalism, by Doug Muder, UUWorld, December 10, 2007. Accessed January 14, 2008.
  24. ^ [1]PDF
  25. ^ [2] or [3]
  26. ^ Q&A with Gary Gygax, Part I
  27. ^ [4]
  28. ^ "More than one Republican apologist fairly pointed out that the unitarian Jefferson was no greater an infidel than the unitarian Adams... Although [Jefferson] was elected to an Anglican parish vestry, no record exists of his having served in that capacity. He was famous for not attending church and did so semiregularly only during his presidency and near the end of his life. To friends, he referred to himself variously as a 'Theist,' 'Deist,' 'Unitarian,' 'Rational Christian,' and 'Epicurean'; 'I am a sect unto myself, as far as I know,' he wrote." America's Founding Faiths, by Forrest Church, UU World magazine, Vol. XXI, Nol 4, Winter 2007.
  29. ^ "On February 24, 1860, the Boston Unitarian minister and transcendentalist, Theodore Parker, wrote Professor Desor from Rome..." Darwin and the Transcendentalists, John B. Wilson, Journal of the History of Ideas, Vol. 26, No. 2. (Apr. - Jun., 1965), p. 286. (Retrieved 25 August 2007)
  30. ^ "Unitarian Universalist... Christopher Reeve... was today remembered by UUA President William G. Sinkford... Sinkford said, '...Christopher bore witness in both word and deed to the healing power of his Unitarian Universalist faith. I am so thankful that he found a religious home with us and a faithful minister in the Rev. Frank Hall of the Westport (Connecticut) Unitarian Church.'" In Memoriam: Christopher Reeve, Unitarian Universalist, UUA.org, Oct. 12, 2004. (Retrieved 27 August 2007)
  31. ^ High-profile advocate for human rights, by Kimberly French, UUWorld, Winter 2006 11.1.06
  32. ^ "The Serlings joined the UU Community Church of Santa Monica, California..." * Looking back: 'Twilight Zone' writer challenged prejudice, by Kimberly French, UU World magazine, Vol. XXI, Nol 4, Winter 2007.
  33. ^ http://www.uua.org/administration/wsbio.html "Biographical sketch: The Reverend William G. Sinkford"
  34. ^ Stark called himself "a Unitarian who does not believe in a supreme being" and has been identified as an atheist. Rep. Stark applauded for atheist outlook: Believed to be first congressman to declare nontheism, Associated Press, 13 March 2007 (Accessed 15 June 2007)
  35. ^ http://www-math.mit.edu/people/struik-obituary.html[dead link]
  36. ^ Vonnegut said "I am an atheist (or at best a Unitarian who winds up in churches quite a lot)."Haught, James A. (1996). 2,000 Years of Disbelief: Famous People with the Courage to Doubt. Prometheus Books. ISBN 1-57392-067-3. 
  37. ^ "Frank Lloyd Wright's contact with All Souls Church may have begun in December of 1884 when his father had preached there. The All Souls Church Fourth Annual, dated 6 January 1887, was the first to list Wright as a member..." [All Souls is a Unitarian church in Chicago, Illinois] Frank Lloyd Wright's Unity Temple and Architecture for Liberal Religion in Chicago, 1885-1909, Joseph Siry, The Art Bulletin, Vol. 73, No. 2. (Jun., 1991), pp. 257-282. (Retrieved 26 August 2007)

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