List of Texas hurricanes (1900-1943)

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The List of Texas hurricanes from 1900 to 1943 encompasses 41 tropical cyclones that affected the U.S. state of Texas. The season with the most storms to affect the state was the 1933 Atlantic hurricane season, when five storms affected Texas. Major storms during this period include the 1900 and 1915 Galveston Hurricanes, the former which killed 8,000 to 12,000 people. Also one to mention merit was the 1943 Surprise Hurricane, when the weather bureau's information was censored and killing 19 people.

Contents 1 1900–1909 2 1910s 3 1920s 4 1930s 5 1940s 6 Listed by month 7 Deadly storms 8 References

[edit] 1900–1909

Main article: 1900 Galveston Hurricane

September 8, 1900: A long-lived tropical cyclone trekked across the Caribbean and moved over Cuba. On September 4, the Galveston office of the U.S. Weather Bureau began receiving warnings from the Bureau's central office in Washington, D.C., that a tropical storm had moved northward over Cuba. The Weather Bureau forecasters had little way of knowing where the storm exactly was, and referenced climatology, preferring a storm track towards the middle Gulf coast. Conditions in the Gulf of Mexico were ripe for further strengthening of the storm. The Gulf had seen little cloud cover for several weeks, and the seas were as warm as bathwater, according to one report. The hurricane moved west-northwest towards the Texas coast. The last train to reach Galveston left Houston on the morning of the September 8 at 9:45 a.m. It found the tracks washed out, and passengers were forced to transfer to a relief train on parallel tracks to complete their journey. Even then, debris on the track kept the train's progress at a crawl. As the hurricane neared, conditions in Texas detirierated, and residents just thought it was a thunderstorm. When the hurricane made landfall, it was of category four intensity. It destroyed the city of Galveston, and led to the rise of Houston. Although damage was significant across Galveston Island, the human toll was higher. The death toll is estimated to lie between 8,000-12,000.^[1][2]

July 10, 1901 - The second storm of the 1901 season made landfall in Southeast Texas as a minimal tropical storm.^[3]

June 26, 1902 - The second storm of 1902 made landfall near Corpus Christi, Texas.^[4]

September 30, 1905 - The third tropical storm entered Texas as a tropical depression.^[5]

July 31, 1908 - The fourth tropical storm of the 1908 season formed and made landfall in Texas.

September 18, 1908 - The seventh tropical storm of the 1908 season dissipated right off the Texas coast.^[6]

June 29, 1909 - The second storm of 1909 hit Texas as a Category 2 hurricane near Bronwsville, while the fourth storm hit near Freeport, Texas on July 21 as a Category 3 hurricane; with a 10-foot (3-meter) storm surge. Damage totals came to $2 million (1909 dollars) and 41 people died.^[7]

August 24, 1909 - a hurricane slammed into the Mexico and Texas area. Point Isabel, Texas was completely underwater. No one perished though.^[7]

[edit] 1910s

August 30, 1910 - The second storm of the 1910 season made landfall at Padre Island, Texas. Damage was minimal.^[8]

September 15, 1910 - The first hurricane of the 1910 season slapped Texas as a hurricane.^[8]

October 16, 1912 - The sixth storm of 1912 made its second landfall just south of Corpus Christi, Texas as a Category 1. 15 people died and damage came to over $28,000.^[9]

June 27, 1913 - The first storm of the 1913 season was Category 2 hurricane that struck Cancún, Mexico and Padre Island, Texas. This storm caused major flooding and killed one person.^[10]

September 19, 1914 - The remnants of a system affected Texas near the Louisiana border.^[11]

Main article: Galveston Hurricane of 1915

August 17, 1915 - The second storm of the year was first observed in the eastern Tropical Atlantic on August 5. It tracked westward, intensifying into a hurricane on the 9th before crossing the Lesser Antilles on the 10th. As the hurricane continued through the Caribbean Sea, it passed just south of Puerto Rico and Hispaniola before crossing Jamaica on the 13th where it caused heavy damage. While south of Cuba it became a major hurricane, and it brushed the western tip of the country on the 15th. Over the Gulf of Mexico the hurricane continued to strengthen, and reached a peak of 140 mph winds. Just before landfall it weakened, and the hurricane hit Galveston, Texas on the 17th as a 120 mph hurricane. It turned northward, became extratropical on the 18th, and dissipated on the 23rd. Just fifteen years after the 1900 Galveston Hurricane, this hurricane damaged the already hurting Texas economy. Throughout its path, it caused a total of $50 million in damage (1915 USD, $921 million in 2005 USD) and 400 casualties.^[12]

Main article: 1916 Texas Hurricane

August 18, 1916 - The 1916 Texas hurricane struck Texas on August 18 after striking Martinique. The storm caused over $28 million in damage, 1.6 million dollars in damage.^[13]

August 6, 1918 - The remnants of the first storm of 1918 affected Texas after making landfall in Louisiana.^[14]

September 14, 1919 - The second storm of the 1919 season made landfall just south of Corpus Christi, Texas as a Category 1.^[15]

[edit] 1920s

June 22, 1921 - The first hurricane of the 1921 season made landfall in Texas.^[16]

September 6, 1925 - The first storm of the 1925 season formed was a tropical storm that hit near Brownsville, Texas.^[17]

August 27, 1926 - The third storm of the season entered Texas after making landfall in Louisiana.^[18]

September 22, 1926 - The sixth storm of the 1926 season entered made landfall near the Texas-Louisiana border.^[18]

June 29, 1929 - A category 1 hurricane struck near Freeport, Texas in 1929, the only town to suffer much damage from it.^[19]

[edit] 1930s

The first storm of 1931 made landfall in the Galveston area as a tropical storm. ^[20]

A tropical storm formed August 11th in the southern Gulf of Mexico near the Yucatán Peninsula and slammed into the upper Texas coast near Freeport, Texas as a very compact Category 4 hurricane two days later. As the storm moved over the Gulf of Mexico, it intensified from a Category 1 to a Category 4 with winds estimated at 140 mph and an estimated central pressure of 942 millibars in less than one day. The eye crossed the coast about 10 p.m. on August 13, slashing a 30- to 40-mile wide path of destruction across Brazoria County, Texas. Official warning for the storm came just 4 hours prior to landfall, and many people trying to evacuate inland had to abandon their cars in high winds and heavy rains. The 1932 hurricane retained its strength miles from the coast and killed 40 people. The greatest single toll for any town was 7 in West Columbia, Texas, where sustained winds over 100 mph flattened homes. Two neighborhoods that had been constructed for oil industry workers there were wiped clean. Freeport, Angleton and Galveston suffered extensive wind damage, and the inland towns of Brazoria, West Columbia, Damon and Needville, all in the path of the eye, were also devastated. Damage estimates topped $7 million in 1932 U.S. dollars.^[21]

The Texas area was alive with activity in 1933, with the second storm making landfall in Mexico after threatening Texas; the fourth storm making landfall near Matagorda Bay in Texas as a 45 mph (70 km/h) tropical storm on July 23. The fifth storm made landfall near Brownsville, Texas on August 5 as a strong tropical storm. The storm produced strong winds and high tides along the coast of Texas, while heavy rains in south Texas and northern Mexico caused heavy damage. High tides from the storm covered parts of South Padre Island. The tenth storm threatened Texas, causing the issuance of tropical storm warnings for portions of the southern Texas coastline. The eleventh storm made landfall just north of Brownsville early on September 5. 179 people were killed and doing 28 million dollars in damage. ^[22], ^[23], ^[24]

In 1934, the third storm was a Category 1 hurricane passed over north Florida as a tropical storm and made landfall in central Texas, causing 11 casualties and $1-$2 million in damage. The fifth storm was another Category 1 hurricane that grazed Galveston. ^[25]

The third storm of the 1936 season caused severe crop damage was reported in San Patricio and Nueces Counties. In all, the hurricane caused $550,000 (1936 USD) in damage, primarily to oil refinery property, though no deaths or injuries were reported. The fourteenth storm of the season made landfall near Brownsville. ^[26]

The third and fifth storms of 1938 made landfall in the state. ^[27]

[edit] 1940s

The second storm of 1940 hit near the Texas/Louisiana border, and dissipated three days later over Missouri. One casualty and $1.7 million in damage from flooding has been attributed to this hurricane. ^[28]

In 1941, the first storm hit the Texas coast between Galveston and Port Arthur. The storm dissipated the next day without causing any damage. The second storm hit Texas near Matagorda just below hurricane strength. It continued northward, and became extratropical later that day. The hurricane caused heavy flooding in Texas, amounting to $7 million in damage (1941 dollars) and 4 deaths. ^[29]

The first storm of 1942 made landfall on the eastern Texas coast, and dissipated two days later over extreme southern Missouri. The hurricane caused around $600,000 in damage. The second storm hit the central Texas coast. The next day it dissipated over northwestern Texas, after resulting in $26.5 million in damage and eight casualties. ^[30]

Main article: 1943 Surprise Hurricane

This hurricane was first detected on July 26, 1943. The United States was in the middle of the second World War and there were no satellites or weather radar. Because of the fear of U-boats in the Gulf, all radio traffic from ships was silenced, including storm reports. Newspaper articles mentioned a tropical storm in the Gulf of Mexico, but did not mention its true intensity. The storm struck the Bolivar Peninsula, crossed Galveston Bay, and made landfall a second time near the Houston Ship Channel. Because of war interests, warnings were few, and residents were caught off-guard. Maximum sustained winds were estimated at nearly 100 mph, with higher wind gusts. Damage was significant and primarily wind-related. The storm killed 19 people, and caused $17 million (1943 dollars) in damage to the Houston area. After the loss of life in this storm, weather information has never been censored again.^[31]

[edit] Listed by month

Month Number of recorded storms affecting Texas May 0 June 7 July 6 August 13 September 13 October 2 November 0 December 0

[edit] Deadly storms

The following is a list of hurricanes with known deaths in the state.

Name	Year	Number of deaths
Galveston	1900	~8,000
Galveston	1915	400
Brownsville	1933	179
Unnamed	1909	41
Freeport	1932	40
Texas	1916	24
Surprise	1943	19
Unnamed	1912	15
Unnamed	1934	11
Unnamed	1942	8
Unnamed	1941	4
Unnamed	1940	1
Unnamed	1913	1

[edit] References

v • d • e Texas hurricanes Pre-1900 • 1900-1943 • 1944-1979 • 1980-present