List of Sub-Saharan African folk music traditions

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Lists of folk music traditions
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This is a list of folk music traditions, with styles, dances, instruments and other related topics. The term folk music can not be easily defined in a precise manner; it is used with widely-varying definitions depending on the author, intended audience and context within a work. Similarly, the term traditions in this context does not connote any strictly-defined criteria. Music scholars, journalists, audiences, record industry individuals, politicians, nationalists and demagogues may often have occasion to address which fields of folk music are distinct traditions based along racial, geographic, linguistic, religious, tribal or ethnic lines, and all such peoples will likely use different criteria to decide what constitutes a "folk music tradition". This list uses the same general categories used by mainstream, primarily English-language, scholarly sources, as determined by relevant statements of fact and the internal structure of works.

These traditions may coincide entirely, partially or not at all with geographic, political, linguistic or cultural boundaries. Very few, if any, music scholars would claim that there are any folk music traditions that can be considered specific to a distinct group of people and with characteristics undiluted by contact with the music of other peoples; thus, the folk music traditions described herein overlap in varying degrees with each other.

Contents

[edit] Central Africa

A traditional Bamileke tam tam
Country Elements Dance Instrumentation Other topics
Aka See Pygmy - - -
Baka See Pygmy - - -
Bamileke [1] mangambe tam tam
Bashi [2] lulanga
Bassa [3] assiko
Beti-Pahuin [4] bikutsi bikutsi njang - rattle
Efé See Pygmy - - -
Fang [5] chorus and drum group mvet bebom-mvet
Mambuti See Pygmy - - -
Mbuti See Pygmy - - -
Pygmy [6] hindewhu - hocket - likanos - liquindi - lullaby - yelli flute - ieta - limbindi - molimo - ngombi - trumpet - whistle boona - elima - jengi - molimo
São Toméan [7] danço-congo - dêxa - socopé - ússua - xtléva danço-congo - puíta - ússua cowbell - flute - rattle Tchiloli

[edit] East Africa

A kayamb, a traditional Réunionnais instrument
Country Elements Dance Instrumentation Other topics
Acholi [8] adungu
Bahutu See Rwanda-Burundian - - -
Borana [9] chamonge guitar
Baganda See Buganda - - -
Buganda [10] akadinda - entenga - okunaga - okwawula baksimba akadinda - engelabi - ennanga - entenga - trumpet
Burundian See Rwandan-Burundian - - -
Dinka [11]
Ethiopia [12] Begena - Kebero - Krar - Masenqo - Washint Azmari - Tej bet
Ganda See Buganda - - -
Gusii [13] ground bow - obokano
Hutu See Rwandan-Burundian - - -
Lango [14] okeme
Luhya [15] sukuti
Luo [16] benga nyatiti
Maasai [17] polyphonic song eunoto
Mascarene Islands [18] maloya music - sega sega kayamb - maravanne - ravanne - tambour maloya (ritual)
Mauritian See Mascarene Islands - - -
Réunionnais See Mascarene Islands - - -
Rodrigues See Mascarene Islands - - -
Nuba [19] rababa Kambala
Rwandan and Burundian [20] ikinimba-umushayayo - umuhamirizo - imparamba - inkaranka - igishakamba - ikinyemera ikembe - inanga - ingoma - iningiri - umuduri -ikondera - ihembe - urutaro
Seychellois [21] contonbley - contredanse - mazurka - polka
Soga [22] panpipe
Swahili [23] gungu - kinanda - ngoma - wedding music chakacha - kumbwaya - vugo dumbak - kibangala - oud - qanun - rika - tabla - taishokoto
Tutsi See Rwandan-Burundian - - -
Twa See Pygmy - - -
Watusi See Rwanda-Burundian - - -
Zande [24]
Zaramo [25] ngoma msondo - ngoma msondo

[edit] Southern Africa

Country Elements Dance Instrumentation Other topics
Afrikaans [26] orkes accordion - concertina
Basarwa See Bushmen - - -
Bemba [27] babatone - kalela
Bushmen [28] hocket
Cewa See Chewa - - -
Chewa [29] gule wa mkulu - nyau
Chopi [30] timbala kalimba - mbila - timbila - valimba - xigovia - xipala-pala - xipendane - xitende - xizambe
Comorian [31] ngoma gabusi - msondo - ndzendze
Henga [32] vimbuza
Kaonde [33] kachacha
Khoe See Bushmen - - -
Khwe See Bushmen - - -
!Kung See Bushmen - - -
Lemba [34] mbira
Lomwe [35] tchopa
Luvale [36] manchancha
Malagasy [37] sega - vakodrazana basese - salegy - sega - sigaoma - tsapika - watsa watsa jejy voatavo - kabosy - lokanga - marovany - sodina - valiha famadihana
Ndbele [38] guitar bira
Ngoni [39] ingoma
Nyanja [40] chitsukulumwe - gule wa mkulu - likhuba
Pedi [41] harepa harepa
San See Bushmen - - -
Shangaan [42] guitar
Shona [43] hosho - karimba - matepe - mbira - ngoma - njari - panpipe bira - kushaura-kutsinhira
Sotho [44] mohabelo
Tonga [45] mganda
Tsonga See Shangaan - - -
Tumbuka [46] vimbuza
Venda [47] ngoma - panpipe
Xhosa [48] uhadi
Yao [49] beni - likwata
Yombe [50] panpipe
Zulu [51] izihlabo - maskanda guitar ukubonga

[edit] West Africa

A talking drum, a common instrument throughout West Africa

The djembe, an originally Mandinka drum that has spread across the region
Country Elements Dance Instrumentation Other topics
Abaluhya [52] litungo
Adja [53] tchinkoumé
Akan [54] adaha - agbadza - akwete - ashiko - asonko - gombe - konkomba - mainline - osibisaba - sikyi adowa - osibisaba - sikyi atumpan - seprewa
Appollo [55] abissa - fanfare - grolo - sidder edengole
Balanta [56] brosca - kussundé
Asante See Ashanti - - -
Ashanti [57] adowa - kete aburukawa - apentemma - dawuro - torowa
Bamana See Mande - - -
Baoulé [58] gbébé - polyphony
Beriberi [59] polyphonic song gerewol
Bijagos [60]
Cape Verdean [61] batuque - coladera - funaná - morna - tabanca batuque - coladera - funaná - morna - tabanca gaita - cavaquinho - cimboa - ferrinho - rabeca - violão - viola
Dagomba [62] takai - damba - tora - jera - simpa - bamaya - geena lunga/talking drum - gungon - flute - gonje fiddle - bell
Dan [63] mask dance
Ewe [64] takada agbadza - Gadzo atsimevu - axatse - gankogui - gboba - kaganu - kidi - simevu - sogo
Fula [65] fiddle - flute gawlo
Fulani See Fula - - -
Goun [66] kakagbo - hongan
Hausa [67] praise song - rokon fada asauwara - bori aglhaïta - duma - ganga - goge - kakati - kalangu - kontigi - kukkuma - molo bòòríí
Igbo [68] egwu ota obo - ufie - ogene
Kasena [69] hocket - jongo - len yoro jongo - nagila - pe zara - war dance gullu - gungonga - korbala - kornia - sinyegule - wua - yong wui
Lobi [70] xylophone
Luo [71] nyatiti
Mande [72] donkilo - jaliya - kumbengo - praise singing - sataro - Wassoulou hunters' song bansango - didadi - dimba - sogominkum balo - balafon - bolon - djembe - doundoun - fle - kamalengoni - karinyan - kontingo - kora - ngoni - soku - tama - tamani jali - jatigui - nyamakala
Mandinka See Mande - - -
Maninka See Mande - - -
Mauritanian [73] al-bayda - epic - fagu - l'-gnaydiya - al-kahla - karr - labyad - lakhal - lebtayt - praise song ardin - daghumma - tbal - tidinit iggawin
Mossi [74] djambadon - griot Larle Naaba
Pulaar See Fula - - -
Sahrawi See Mauritanian - - -
Senoufo [75] funereal music - poro
Serer [76] polyphonic song
Toucouleur [77]
Tukulor See Toucouleur - - -
Wolof [78] farwoudiar halam gewel
Yoruba [79] dundun gelede bata - dundun - gangan - gudugudu - igbin - iyalu - kakakai - sekere spraying

[edit] References

  • Broughton, Simon and Mark Ellingham (eds.) (2000). Rough Guide to World Music, First edition, London: Rough Guides. ISBN 1-85828-636-0. 
  • Karolyi, Otto (1998). Traditional African & Oriental Music. Penguin Books. ISBN 0140231072. 
  • Manuel, Peter (1988). Popular Musics of the Non-Western World. New York: Oxford University Press. 0195053427. 
  • Philip V. Bohlman; Bruno Nettl, Charles Capwell, Thomas Turino and Isabel K. F. Wong (1997). Excursions in World Music, Second edition, Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-230632-8. 
  • Nettl, Bruno (1965). Folk and Traditional Music of the Western Continents. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall. 
  • Fujie, Linda, James T. Koetting, David P. McAllester, David B. Reck, John M. Schechter, Mark Slobin and R. Anderson Sutton (1992). in Jeff Todd Titan (Ed.): Worlds of Music: An Introduction to the Music of the World's Peoples, Second Edition, New York: Schirmer Books. ISBN 0-02-872602-2. 
  • International Dance Glossary. World Music Central. Retrieved on April 3, 2006.

[edit] Notes

  1. ^ Nkolo, Jean-Victor and Graeme Ewens, "Music of a Small Continent" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 440 - 447
  2. ^ Nettl, Folk and Traditional Music, pg. 142
  3. ^ Nkolo, Jean-Victor and Graeme Ewens, "Music of a Small Continent" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 440 - 447
  4. ^ Nkolo, Jean-Victor and Graeme Ewens, "Music of a Small Continent" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 440 - 447
  5. ^ Dominguez, Manuel, "Malabo Blues" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 477 - 479
  6. ^ Includes the Aka, Baka, Mbuti and Efé; Turino, pgs. 170 - 171; Abram, Dave, "Sounds from the African Rainforest" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 601 - 607; Karolyi, pg. 24
  7. ^ Lima, Conceução and Caroline Shaw, "Island Music of Central Africa" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 613 - 616
  8. ^ Turino, pgs. 179, 182; Sandahl, Sten, "Exiles and Traditions" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 698 - 701
  9. ^ Paterson, Doug, "The Life and Times of Kenyan Pop" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 509 - 522
  10. ^ Turino, pgs. 179, 182; Sandahl, Sten, "Exiles and Traditions" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 698 - 701; Koetting, James T., "Africa/Ghana" in Worlds of Music, pgs. 67 - 105; World Music Central
  11. ^ Verney, Peter with Helen Jerome and Moawia Yassin, "Yearning to Dance" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 672 - 680
  12. ^ Manuel, Popular Musics, pg. 103; Falceto, Francis, "Land of Wax and Gold" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 480 - 487
  13. ^ Paterson, Doug, "The Life and Times of Kenyan Pop" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 509 - 522
  14. ^ Turino, pgs. 179, 182; Sandahl, Sten, "Exiles and Traditions" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 698 - 701
  15. ^ Paterson, Doug, "The Life and Times of Kenyan Pop" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 509 - 522
  16. ^ Paterson, Doug, "The Life and Times of Kenyan Pop" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 509 - 522
  17. ^ Paterson, Doug, "The Life and Times of Kenyan Pop" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 509 - 522
  18. ^ includes the music of Réunion, Mauritius and Rodrigues; Manuel, Popular Musics, pg. 112; Ewens, Graeme and Werner Graebner, "A Lightness of Touch" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 505 - 508
  19. ^ Verney, Peter with Helen Jerome and Moawia Yassin, "Yearning to Dance" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 672 - 680
  20. ^ Jacquemin, Jean-Pierre, Jadot Sezirahigha and Richard Trillo, "Echoes from the Hills" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 608 - 612
  21. ^ Ewens, Graeme and Werner Graebner, "A Lightness of Touch" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 505 - 508
  22. ^ Turino, pg. 183
  23. ^ Graebner, Werner, "Mtindo - Dance with Style" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 681 - 689
  24. ^ Verney, Peter with Helen Jerome and Moawia Yassin, "Yearning to Dance" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 672 - 680
  25. ^ Graebner, Werner, "Mtindo - Dance with Style" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 681 - 689
  26. ^ Allingham, Rob, "The Nation of Voice" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 638 - 657
  27. ^ Ronnie Graham with Simon Kandela Tunkanya, "Evolution and Expression" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 702 - 705
  28. ^ Karolyi, pg. 24
  29. ^ Lwanda, John, and Ronnie Graham with Simon Kandela Tunkanya, "Sounds Afroma!" and "Evolution and Expression" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 533 - 538, and pgs. 702 - 705
  30. ^ Paco, Celso, "A Luta Continua" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 579 - 584; Karolyi, pg. 32; Koetting, James T., "Africa/Ghana" in Worlds of Music, pgs. 67 - 105
  31. ^ Ewens, Graeme and Werner Graebner, "A Lightness of Touch" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 505 - 508
  32. ^ Lwanda, John, "Sounds Afroma!" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 533 - 538
  33. ^ Ronnie Graham with Simon Kandela Tunkanya, "Evolution and Expression" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 702 - 705
  34. ^ Karolyi, pg. 45
  35. ^ Lwanda, John, "Sounds Afroma!" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 533 - 538
  36. ^ Ronnie Graham with Simon Kandela Tunkanya, "Evolution and Expression" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 702 - 705
  37. ^ Manuel, Popular Musics, pgs. 111 - 112; World Music Central
  38. ^ Allingham, Rob, "The Nation of Voice" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 638 - 657
  39. ^ Lwanda, John, and Ronnie Graham with Simon Kandela Tunkanya, "Sounds Afroma!" and "Evolution and Expression" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 533 - 538, and pgs. 702 - 705
  40. ^ Lwanda, John, "Sounds Afroma!" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 533 - 538
  41. ^ Allingham, Rob, "The Nation of Voice" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 638 - 657
  42. ^ Allingham, Rob, "The Nation of Voice" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 638 - 657
  43. ^ Turino, pgs. 105, 162, 182 - 183; Kendall, Judy and Banning Eyre, "Jit, Mbira and Chimurenga" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 706 - 716
  44. ^ Allingham, Rob, "The Nation of Voice" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 638 - 657
  45. ^ Lwanda, John, "Sounds Afroma!" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 533 - 538
  46. ^ Lwanda, John, "Sounds Afroma!" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 533 - 538
  47. ^ Turino, pg. 183; Karolyi, pg. 37
  48. ^ Manuel, Popular Musics, pg. 107
  49. ^ Lwanda, John, "Sounds Afroma!" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 533 - 538
  50. ^ Turino, pg. 183
  51. ^ Allingham, Rob, "The Nation of Voice" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 638 - 657
  52. ^ Manuel, Popular Musics, pg. 101
  53. ^ Bensignor, Fran&ccedi;ois with Eric Audra, "Afro-Funksters" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 432 - 436
  54. ^ includes the Ashanti, Fanti and Nzema; Manuel, Popular Musics, pgs. 90, 92, 182; Collins, John, "Gold Coast: Highlife and Roots" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 488 - 498; Koetting, James T., "Africa/Ghana" in Worlds of Music, pgs. 67 - 105
  55. ^ Bensignor, François and Brooke Wentz, "Heart of the African Music Industry" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 472 - 476
  56. ^ de Klein, Guus, "The Backyard Beats of Gumbe" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 499 - 504
  57. ^ Koetting, James T., "Africa/Ghana" in Worlds of Music, pgs. 67 - 105
  58. ^ Bensignor, François and Brooke Wentz, "Heart of the African Music Industry" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 472 - 476
  59. ^ Bensignor, François, "Sounds of the Sahel" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 585 - 587
  60. ^ de Klein, Guus, "The Backyard Beats of Gumbe" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 499 - 504
  61. ^ Manuel, Popular Musics, pg. 96; Máximo, Susana and David Peterson, "Music of Sweet Sorrow" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 448 - 457
  62. ^ Turino, pg. 182; Collins, John, "Gold Coast: Highlife and Roots" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 488 - 498
  63. ^ Bensignor, François and Brooke Wentz, "Heart of the African Music Industry" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 472 - 476
  64. ^ Turino, pg. 178; Collins, John, "Gold Coast: Highlife and Roots" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 488 - 498
  65. ^ Hudson, Mark with Jenny Cathcart and Lucy Duran, "Senegambian Stars Are Here to Stay" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 617 - 633; Karolyi, pg. 42
  66. ^ Bensignor, Fran&ccedi;ois with Eric Audra, "Afro-Funksters" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 432 - 436
  67. ^ Turino, pg. 184; Bensignor, François and Ronnie Graham, "Sounds of the Sahel" and "From Hausa Music to Highlife" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 585 - 587 and pgs. 588 - 600
  68. ^ Ronnie Graham, "From Hausa Music to Highlife" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 588 - 600
  69. ^ Koetting, James T., "Africa/Ghana" in Worlds of Music, pgs. 67 - 105
  70. ^ Bensignor, François and Brooke Wentz, "Heart of the African Music Industry" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 472 - 476
  71. ^ Manuel, Popular Musics, pg. 101
  72. ^ Includes the Mandinka, Maninka and Bamana; Turino, pgs. 172 - 173; Bensignor, Fran&ccedi;ois, Guus de Klein, and Lucy Duran, "Hidden Treasure", "The Backyard Beats of Gumbe" and "West Africa's Musical Powerhouse" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 437 - 439, pgs. 499 - 504 and pgs. 539 - 562; Manuel, Popular Musics, pg. 95; World Music Central
  73. ^ Includes Sahrawi music; Muddyman, David and Richard Trillo, "The Ways of the Moors" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 563 - 566
  74. ^ Bensignor, Fran&ccedi;ois, "Hidden Treasure" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 437 - 439
  75. ^ Bensignor, François and Brooke Wentz, "Heart of the African Music Industry" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 472 - 476
  76. ^ Hudson, Mark with Jenny Cathcart and Lucy Duran, "Senegambian Stars Are Here to Stay" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 617 - 633
  77. ^ Hudson, Mark with Jenny Cathcart and Lucy Duran, "Senegambian Stars Are Here to Stay" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 617 - 633
  78. ^ Turino, pg. 183; Hudson, Mark with Jenny Cathcart and Lucy Duran, "Senegambian Stars Are Here to Stay" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 617 - 633; World Music Central
  79. ^ Turino, pgs. 181 - 182; Bensignor, Fran&ccedi;ois with Eric Audra, and Ronnie Graham, "Afro-Funksters" and "From Hausa Music to Highlife" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 432 - 436 and pgs. 588 - 600; Karolyi, pg. 43