List of Soviet tank factories

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is a list of Soviet tank factories.

This list includes the heavy steel manufacturing plants where main production and assembly of medium and heavy armoured vehicles took place, initiated first in the late 1920s as a prerequisite for the developing Red Army doctrine that called for large tank forces. It does not list the related facilities which fabricated components for them, the many lighter automotive industries which built light tracked vehicles and armoured cars in wartime, nor the armoured vehicle repair and overhaul plants.

Keeping track of the tank factories can be difficult. Many were based on pre-Soviet imperial Russian shipbuilding or locomotive factories, and may have changed names more than once. The majority were evacuated and consolidated in the Urals in the fall of 1941, shortly after the disastrous German invasion of June 22. After World War II, some remained in their new location, others were moved back or re-established at other factories. Most were also known by military designation numbers as well as honorific names.

English translations of the factory names can also be confusing. In various sources, the Russian zavod (завод) is translated as 'factory', 'plant' or 'works', or simply transliterated.

Location St Petersburg/Leningrad Kharkiv, Ukraine St Petersburg/Leningrad Nizhny Tagil Stalingrad Nizhny Novgorod/Gorky Leningrad Sverdlovsk/Yekaterinburg
Pre-Soviet name Obukhovsky Works (SOOZ), 1863 Kharkov Locomotive Factory (KhPZ), 1895 Putilov Factory Dzerzhinsky Ural Railroad Car Works (Uralvagonzavod, or Vagonka, UVZ), 1931–36 Nizhny Novgorod Machine Factory, 1849
Early Soviet name Bolshevik Factory No. 232, 1922 Kharkov Komintern Locomotive Factory, 1928 Red Putilov Factory Stalingrad Tractor Factory (STZ) Krasnoye Sormovo Factory No. 112 (Andrei Zhdanov), 1922 Factory No. 174 (K.E. Voroshilov), Leningrad, 1932 Ural Heavy Machine Building Plant (Uralmashzavod, UZTM)
Military designation (1930s) Factory No. 185 (S.M. Kirov), 1935 Factory No. 183, 1936 Kirovsky Factory No. 100
World War II Moved to Tankograd in Chelyabinsk, 1941 Merged with Uralvagonzavod in Nizhny Tagil to form Ural Tank Factory No. 183 (I.V. Stalin), 1941 Moved to Stalin Tractor Factory (Tankograd) in Chelyabinsk, 1941 Ural Tank Factory No. 183 (I.V. Stalin) Overrun September 1942 in the Battle of Stalingrad Factory No. 174 (K.E. Voroshilov), Omsk; parts sent to Uralvagonzavod
After World War II Re-established at Kharkov Diesel Factory No. 75, 1945–52

Renamed V.A. Malyshev Factory, 1957

 Moved to Omsk, 1963 Switched to engines construction
Post-Soviet Obukhovsky Works, 1992 Kharkiv, independent Ukraine, 1991 Zvezda, OAO
Design Bureau OKMO Morozov Design Bureau (KMDB) SKB-2, Omsk Transmash (KBTM) Kartsev-Venediktov Design Bureau
Designed T-26 T-24, BT tanks, T-34, T-64, T-80 turret, T-80UD, T-84 T-80 hull, BTR-T, TOS-1, Black Eagle tank prototype T-54A, T-55, T-72, T-90, T-95 prototype? T-34-85 turret
Built KV-1, T-34, IS-2, IS-3, IS-4, T-10, T-80 T-26, BT tank, T-28, T-35, T-34, T-54, T-64, T-80UD, T-84 T-34 guns T-34, T-44, T-54, T-55, T-72, T-90 T-34 Russkiy Reno, T-34 T-26, T-50, ISU-152, IS-3, T-10, T-80 T-34, SU-122, SU-85, SU-100

[edit] References

  • Sewell, Stephen ‘Cookie’ (1998). “Why Three Tanks?” (PDF) in Armor vol. 108, no. 4, p. 21. Fort Knox, KY: US Army Armor Center. ISSN 0004-2420.
  • Zaloga, Steven J. and James Grandsen (1984). Soviet Tanks and Combat Vehicles of World War Two. London: Arms and Armour Press. ISBN 0-85368-606-8.

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