List of South American folk music traditions
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This is a list of folk music traditions, with styles, dances, instruments and other related topics. The term folk music can not be easily defined in a precise manner; it is used with widely-varying definitions depending on the author, intended audience and context within a work. Similarly, the term traditions in this context does not connote any strictly-defined criteria. Music scholars, journalists, audiences, record industry individuals, politicians, nationalists and demagogues may often have occasion to address which fields of folk music are distinct traditions based along racial, geographic, linguistic, religious, tribal or ethnic lines, and all such peoples will likely use different criteria to decide what constitutes a "folk music tradition". This list uses the same general categories used by mainstream, primarily English-language, scholarly sources, as determined by relevant statements of fact and the internal structure of works.
These traditions may coincide entirely, partially or not at all with geographic, political, linguistic or cultural boundaries. Very few, if any, music scholars would claim that there are any folk music traditions that can be considered specific to a distinct group of people and with characteristics undiluted by contact with the music of other peoples; thus, the folk music traditions described herein overlap in varying degrees with each other.
| Country | Elements | Dance | Instrumentation | Other topics |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Afro-Colombian [1] | champeta | contradanza - currulao - mazurka - polka | drum - marimba - shaker | |
| Argentina [2] | baguala - chamamé - cifra - folklorica - milonga - payada - tango - tonada - tunga-tunga [3] | bataclán - chacarera - cuarteto - cueca - gato - milonga - tango - vidala - zamba | accordion - bandoneón - flute - guitar - guitarrón - harp - piano - violin | candombe - compadrito - lunfardo |
| Aymara [4] | bombo - cajas - charango - kena - pinkillus - pitu - quena - siku - tarkas - wankara | |||
| Bolivia [5] | bailecito - cueca - huayñitos | |||
| Brazil[6] | boi - Capoeira song - choro - frevo - literatura de cordel - maracatu - modinha - repentismo - samba | baião - batuque - bloco - Capoeira - carimbó - cururu - fandango - forró - jongo - kankuku - lundu - maxixe - modinha - muñeres - samba - xango | agogó - atabaque - berimbau - cavaquinho - clarinet - cuícas - pandeiros - piano - reco-recos - sanfona - surdos - tamborím - triangle - viola - violão | Candomblé - Carnival - escolas de samba |
| Chile [7] | chocolate - cueca - periconas - sirillas - tras trasera - valses chilotes | guitar - Chilean guitarrón - harp - tambourine - hand-clapping | ||
| Colombia [8] | cumbia - bullerengue - cumbiamba - puya - lumbalú - mapalé - paseo - porro - tambora - son palenquero - puya vallenata - son vallenato - merengue vallenato - paseo vallenato - bambuco - pasillo - vals - danza - rajaleña - rumba campesina - guabina - sanjuanero - torbellino - currulao - juga - makerulle - porro chocoano - contradanza - andarele - aguabajo - tonada - pasaje - contrapunteo - copla - golpe - pajarillo - llanera - corrido - galerón - joropo - mentó - calypso - reggae | bambuco - sanjuanero - cumbia - currulao - joropo - porro | accordion - bandola - bandolin - bass drum - bombardino - bombo - caja - capacho - carrizo - clarinet - cuatro - cymbal - flauto de millo - gaita - guacharaca - guache - guachos - harp - marimba - marimbula - pito - saxophone - snare drum - tambor hembra - tambor macho - tambora - tiple - trumpet - tuba | |
| Ecuador [9] | currulao | bombo - marimba - panpipe | ||
| Andean [10] | huayno - marinera - rasgueado - vals criollo - yaraví | punchay kashwa - huayno - incaico - sayas | Andean harp - cajón - charango - guitarra - mandolin - panpipe - quena - tinya - vihuela - violin | Indigenismo - payadore |
| Kallawaya [11] | k'antu | arca - ira - ch'inisku - wankara - zampona | ||
| Peru [12] | alcatraz - festejo - landó - marinera | cajón - guitar - bugles | ||
| Quechua [13] | sanjuan - vacación | huayno - sanjuan | antara - charango - harp - kena - quena - violin | golpeador - matrimonio - misai - wawa velorio |
| Sirionó [14] | None | |||
| Suyá [15] | akía | rattle | ||
| Uruguay [16] | candombe | |||
| Venezuela [17] | Calypso de El Callao - Fulía - gaita - llanera - parranda - sangeo - aguinaldo - Galerón - Malagueña - Punto - Venezuelan bambuco - Venezuelan work songs | joropo - merengue - polo - tamunangue - Venezuelan waltz - Venezuelan polka | culoepuya - cuatro - furruco - harp - mandolin - maraca - mina - quitiplas - tambor - bandola | Dancing Devils of Yare - Llanero |
[edit] References
- Broughton, Simon and Mark Ellingham (eds.) (2000). Rough Guide to World Music, First edition, London: Rough Guides. ISBN 1-85828-636-0.
- Lankford, Ronald D. Jr. (2005). The Changing Voice Music of Protest USA. ISBN 0-8256-7300-3.
- Philip V. Bohlman; Bruno Nettl, Charles Capwell, Thomas Turino and Isabel K. F. Wong (1997). Excursions in World Music, Second edition, Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-230632-8.
- Nettl, Bruno (1965). Folk and Traditional Music of the Western Continents. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
- Fujie, Linda, James T. Koetting, David P. McAllester, David B. Reck, John M. Schechter, Mark Slobin and R. Anderson Sutton (1992). in Jeff Todd Titan (Ed.): Worlds of Music: An Introduction to the Music of the World's Peoples, Second Edition, New York: Schirmer Books. ISBN 0-02-872602-2.
- van der Merwe, Peter (1989). Origins of the Popular Style: The Antecedents of Twentieth-Century Popular Music. Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN 0-19-316121-4.
- International Dance Glossary. World Music Central. Retrieved on April 3, 2006.
- ^ Burton, Kim, "El Sonido Dorado" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 372 - 385
- ^ Manuel, Popular Musics, pgs. 59 - 60; Peiro, Teddy and Jan Fairley, "Vertical Expression of Horizontal Desire", and Fairley's "Dancing Cheek to Cheek", both in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 304 - 314 and 315 - 316; Nettl, Folk and Traditional Music, pg. 190; World Music Central
- ^ Though Fairley's essay places cuarteto and its tunga-tunga rhythm, and the modern folklorica trend, in a folk music context, their description indicates that all three topics are a largely modern subject, and may be more closely associated with popular than folk music.
- ^ Turino, pgs. 239 - 240; Fairley, Jan, "Beyond the Ponchos", in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 273 - 288
- ^ World Music Central
- ^ Manuel, Popular Musics, pg. 64; Turino, pgs. 245 - 246; Cleary, David, "Meu Brasil Brasileiro", in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 332 - 349; Nettl, Folk and Traditional Music, pg. 191; World Music Central
- ^ Schechter, John M., "Latin America/Ecuador" in Worlds of Music, pgs. 376 - 427; World Music Central
- ^ Manuel, Popular Musics, pgs. 50 - 52; Turino, pg. 244; Burton, Kim, "El Sonido Dorado" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 372 - 385; World Music Central
- ^ Turino, pg. 244; Fairley, Jan, "Beyond the Ponchos", in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 273 - 288; Schechter, John M., "Latin America/Ecuador" in Worlds of Music, pgs. 376 - 427
- ^ Fairley, Jan, "Beyond the Ponchos" and "An Uncompromising Song", in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 273 - 288, and pgs. 362 - 371
- ^ Schechter, John M., "Latin America/Ecuador" in Worlds of Music, pgs. 376 - 427
- ^ World Music Central
- ^ Turino, pgs. 239 - 240, 242; Fairley, Jan, "Beyond the Ponchos", in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 273 - 288; Schechter, John M., "Latin America/Ecuador" in Worlds of Music, pgs. 376 - 427
- ^ Nettl, Folk and Traditional Music, pg. 149
- ^ Turino, gp. 243
- ^ Nettl, Folk and Traditional Music, pg. 174
- ^ Sweeney, Philip and Dan Rosenberg, "Salsa Con Gasolina", in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 624 - 630; Schechter, John M., "Latin America/Ecuador" in Worlds of Music, pgs. 376 - 427; World Music Central
