List of Roman auxiliary regiments
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This article contains listings of Roman auxiliary regiments attested in the epigraphic record, by province of deployment. For the history, organisation and equipment of these regiments, see Roman auxiliaries.
The article is divided into three parts. Table I displays regiments attested in the 2nd century, the period when there is the most abundant evidence. Table II displays regiments attested only in the 1st century. Table III displays regiments attested only in the 3rd century.
In addition, an index of regimental names is provided that explains the origin of the names, most of which are based on the names of the subject tribes or cities of the empire from which they were originally recruited (as time went by, they became staffed by recruits from anywhere, especially from the province in which they were deployed).
Contents |
[edit] Introduction
Auxiliary regiments, called auxilia by the Romans, were formations kept separate from the legions, which were recruited from Roman citizens only. Auxilia were mostly recruited from the peregrini, i.e. subjects of the Roman empire who did not hold Roman citizenship: the vast majority of the empire's inhabitants in the 1st and 2nd centuries AD (in 212 AD, all the inhabitants of the empire were granted Roman citizenship).
There were three basic types of auxiliary regiment: alae ("wings") which contained cavalry only; cohortes ("cohorts") which contained infantry only; and cohortes equitatae which contained both infantry and cavalry. A number of regiments, of all three types, were designated sagittariorum, indicating that the regiment contains archers. A minority of regiments, designated milliariae, were double the normal strength.
The province each unit is entered is the one where it was based for the longest attested period.
[edit] Sources
- Holder, Paul Studies in the Auxilia of the Roman Army (1980)
- Holder, Paul Auxiliary Deployment in the Reign of Hadrian in Documenting the Roman Army (2003)
- Spaul, John COHORS 2 (2000)
- Spaul, John ALA (1994)
[edit] TABLE I: Regiments attested in the 2nd century
To access the table of auxiliary regiments for the province of your interest, click on the relevant note.
- Britannia (England/Wales) a[›]
- Germania Inferior (S Netherlands/NW Rhineland) b[›]
- Germania Superior (S Rheinland/Alsace-Lorraine) c[›]
- Raetia/Noricum (Germany S of Danube/Switzerland/Austria) d[›]
- Pannonia Sup & Inf (E Hungary/Slovenia) e[›]
- Moesia Superior (Serbia) f[›]
- Moesia Inferior (N Bulgaria, coastal Romania) g[›]
- Dacia (Romania) h[›]
- Cappadocia (Central/East Turkey) i[›]
- Syria inc Judaea, Arabia (Syria, Lebanon, Palestine/Israel, Jordan) j[›]
- Aegyptus (Egypt) k[›]
- Mauretania inc Africa Pro (Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco) l[›]
- Other provinces m[›]
KEY:
c.R. = civium Romanorum ("of Roman citizens"): an honorific title
eq = equitata (i.e. contains a cavalry contingent)
sagitt = sagittariorum (archer unit)
unit in bold type = milliaria (double-strength) regiment
^ a: Britannia
| ALAE | XXX | COHORTES | COHORTES | COHORTES |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agrippina Miniata I Hispanorum Asturum II Asturum Augusta Gallorum Petriana c.R. Augusta Gallorum Proculeiana Picentiana Gallorum II Gallorum Sebosiana Gallorum et Thracum Classiana I Pannoniorum Sabiniana I Pannoniorum Tampiana I Thracum I Tungrorum Hispanorum Vettonum Augusta Vocontiorum |
I Aquitanorum II Asturum eq IV Breucorum I Augusta Bracarum III Bracaraugustanorum I Baetasiorum c.R. I Batavorum eq I Celtiberorum I Aelia classica I Ulpia Cugernorum c.R. I Aelia Dacorum I Delmatarum II Delmatarum IV Delmatarum I Frisiavonum |
II Gallorum veterana eq IV Gallorum eq V Gallorum VI Gallorum I Hispanorum eq I Aelia Hispanorum eq I Lingonum eq II Lingonum eq III Lingonum eq IV Lingonum eq I Menapiorum I Morinorum I nauticarum I Augusta Nerviana Germanorum eq I Nerviorum II Nerviorum |
III Nervorum IV Nerviorum II Pannoniorum V Raetorum I Sunucorum I Thracum II Thracum veterana VII Thracum I Tungrorum II Tungrorum c.L. eq I Vangionum eq I Vardulorum c.R. eq II Vasconum c.R. I Hamiorum sagitt |
^ b: Germania Inf
| ALAE | XXX | COHORTES | COHORTES | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Afrorum veterana (Longiniana Gallorum c100) (69) Gallorum et Thracum classiana (Moesica felix c100) (78) I Noricorum c.R. Sulpicia c.R. (78) (c200) I Thracum |
II Asturum (98) III Breucorum (81) VI Breucorum VI Brittonum (85) (c200) I civium Romanorum eq (a68) (c200) II civium Romanorum eq I classica II Hispanorum (178 BRIT) I Flavia Hispanorum eq (94 MS) (244) |
VI ingenuorum c.R. (190) I Latobicorum et Varcianorum I Lucensium (81) I Pannoniorum et Delmatarum eq (95) (195) I Raetorum eq c.R. VI Raetorum IV Thracum eq (a68) (c200) II Varcianorum eq (c73 DLM) XV voluntariorum c.R. |
^ c: Germania Sup
| ALAE | XXX | COHORTES | COHORTES |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gallorum Indiana (21) (c238) I Scubulorum (a54) |
I Aquitanorum veterana III Aquitanorum eq c.R. IV Aquitanorum eq c.R. I Asturum equitata eq (90) (254 BRIT) I Biturigum (90) (185) (Augusta Cyrenaica eq a117) II Augusta Cyrenaica (90) I Flavia Damascenorum (90) (227) III Delmatarum eq V Delmatarum I Germanorum c.R. (189) |
I Helvetiorum II Hispanorum eq Ituraeorum c.R. I Ligurum et Hispanorum c.R. II Raetorum c.R. VII Raetorum eq IV Vindelicorum (90) (191) XXIV voluntariorum c.R. (212) (XXVI voluntariorum c.R. a117) (c200) XXX voluntariorum c.R. (c200) (XXXII voluntariorum c.R. a117) (a54) (185) |
^ d: Raetia
| ALAE | XXX | COHORTES | COHORTES | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (I Hispanorum Auriana 116) (61) I Commagenorum II Flavia I Flavia gemina c.R. (64) (NotD?) I Flavia singularium (90) |
II Aquitanorum eq c.R. (I Asturum 106) (c200) II Batavorum IX Batavorum eq (c95 BRIT) (c200) (NotD?) V Bracaraugustanorum (a68 GI) (I Breucorum c.R. 116) (a68 SYR?) (3rdC) V Breucorum c.R. eq (98 GI) III Britannorum (211) (NotD) I Aelia Brittonum I Raetorum II Raetorum |
II Thracum (81 GI) (195 AEG) (III Thracum c.R. 116) III Thracum veterana (c200) IV Tungrorum veterana I Flavia Canathenorum sagitt (222 MAUR) |
^ e: Pannonia
| ALAE | XXX | COHORTES | COHORTES |
|---|---|---|---|
| I Hispanorum Aravacorum (61 IL) I Flavia Britannica c.R. (192) I Brittonum c.R. (71) I Cananefatium (90 GS) I civium Romanorum I Augusta Ituraeorum (192) I Praetoria singularium c.R. (c16 G) (c185) (NotD?) I Thracum victrix II Augusta Thracum (i) (192) I Ulpia contariorum (240) I Thracum veterana sagitt (c222) III Augusta Thracum sagitt (90) (c210) |
I Alpinorum eq I Alpinorum peditata II Alpinorum eq II Asturum et Callaecorum eq III Batavorum eq (c98 BRIT) (217) VII Breucorum c.R. eq (65 GS) (203) I Brittonum (164 DC) V Callaecorum Lucensium eq(179) I Campanorum voluntariorum c.R. (a86 DLM) (212) II Augusta Dacorum eq I Lusitanorum Cyrenaica (a14 AQ) (192) III Lusitanorum (98 GI) (192) I Montanorum eq (192) |
I Noricorum eq (a68) (192) I Ulpia Pannoniorum eq I Thracum c.R. (201) I Thracum Germanica (c57 GS) I Thracum Syriaca equitata eq (a79 SYR) II Augusta Thracum eq (192) I Aelia Caesariensis sagitt (230) I Aelia Gaesatorum sagitt (164 DC) |
^ f: Moesia Sup
| ALAE | XXX | COHORTES | COHORTES |
|---|---|---|---|
| I Claudia nova miscellanea (c200) Gallorum Flaviana (16 G) |
III Brittonum veterana eq III campestris c.R. (179 DC) V Gallorum eq (97) V Gallorum et Pannoniorum V Hispanorum eq (94) (229 CAP?) I Pannoniorum veterana eq |
I Antiochensium sagitt (94) (c200) I Cretum eq sagitt |
^ g: Moesia Inf
| ALAE | XXX | COHORTES | COHORTES |
|---|---|---|---|
| II Hispanorum Aravacorum I Vespasiana Dardanorum (78) (c200) I Flavia Gaetulorum (97) (c235) Gallorum Atectorigiana (97) I Claudia Gallorum Capitoniana (a37 MI) I Gallorum et Pannoniorum cataphractaria |
I Bracarorum c.R. II Bracaraugustanorum eq II Flavia Brittonum eq (230) I Lepidiana c.R. (198 CAP) II Lucensium (238 THR) I Lusitanorum II Mattiacorum eq (78) (c215) |
I Flavia Numidarum eq (178 LYC) I Sugambrorum tironum (78) I Claudia Sugambrorum veterana eq (a96) I Thracum Syriaca (78) II Chalcidenorum sagitt (78) I Cilicum eq sagitt (a15) (c200) |
^ h: Dacia
| ALAE | XXX | COHORTES | COHORTES | COHORTES |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| I Asturum (97) (200) I Batavorum (3rdC) I Bosporanorum (54 SYR) I Hispanorum Campagonum (c205) I Gallorum et Bosporanorum II Gallorum et Pannoniorum I Hispanorum II Pannoniorum (II Pannoniorum veterana 116) I Tungrorum Frontoniana (a37 GI) (c200) (I Flavia Commagenorum sagitt 109) numerus equitum Illyricorum |
(I Afrorum c.R. eq c150?) (c200) I Batavorum c.R. II Flavia Bessorum (97) (c200) I Bracaraugustanorum (c50 DLM) I Britannica c.R. eq (II Britannorum c.R. 164) I Flavia Brittonum eq (267 DC) I Ulpia Brittonum I Augusta Brittonum Nerviana II Augusta Brittonum Nerviana I Cananefatium I Flavia Commagenorum |
(I Cypria c.R. 109) II Gallorum II Gallorum Dacica II Gallorum Macedonica eq II Gallorum Pannonica III Gallorum (78 MI) (I Hispanorum 116) (a68 GAL?) (164) I Hispanorum veterana eq (97 MI) I Flavia Ulpia Hispanorum c.R. eq (101 MS) (c253 MAUR) II Hispanorum scutata c.R. (54 PAN) IV Hispanorum eq (238) (V Lingonum 114) (c200) |
II Flavia Numidarum (c200) VIII Raetorum eq c.R. VI Thracum eq (96 MS) Ubiorum eq (a44 GI) I Ubiorum (c200) I Vindelicorum c.R. eq (98 GI) (212) I Augusta Ituraerorum sagitt (98 PAN) I Thracum sagitt I Tyriorum sagitt (97 MI) |
^ i: Cappadocia
| ALAE | XXX | COHORTES | COHORTES |
|---|---|---|---|
| (II Ulpia Auriana 2ndC) (NotD) I Augusta gemina colonorum (NotD) I Ulpia Dacorum (NotD) II Gallorum (a68 HISP) (NotD) I Parthorum veterana (a14 GI) (NotD) |
Apula c.R. (a14 AS) (NotD) I Bosporanorum (a14 GAL) I Claudia eq II Claudia I Hamiorum c.R. I Italica voluntariorum c.R. (milliaria c.R. eq c175) I Numidarum |
(II Ulpia Petreorum eq a117) III Ulpia Petreorum eq I Raetorum eq IV Raetorum eq III Augusta Cyrenaica sagitt |
^ j: Syria
| ALAE | XXX | COHORTES | COHORTES | COHORTES |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| I Flavia Agrippiana II Flavia Agrippiana (c200) Gaetulorum veterana (c69 JUD) (Í Phrygum 137?) (88) (VII Phrygum c85) (c175) (I Ulpia singularium a117) (c200) I Thracum Herculanea (a68) (215 AEG) (NotD?) Augusta Xoitana I Ulpia dromedariorum Gallorum et Thracum Antiana sagitt (54 MI) |
III Bracarum (IV Bracarugustanorum a117) III Callaecorum Bracarum (90 JUD) IV Callaecorum Lucensium (91) (II Cantabrorum 90) II classica (a14) I Ulpia Dacorum (NotD) III Dacorum I Damascena Armeniaca (90) II equitum eq II Ulpia equitatum eq I Flavia c.R. eq (NotD) I Gaetulorum (88) (c200) I Ulpia Galatarum (238) |
II Ulpia Galatarum (NotD) VII Gallorum eq V gemella c.R. (VI Hispanorum 2ndC AR?) II Ligurum et Corsorum (a68) (I Lucensium 115) (I Augusta Lusitanorum 90) I Montanorum I Augusta Pannoniorum (91) (186) II Ulpia Paphlagonum III Ulpia Paphlagonum eq IV Ulpia Petreorum V Ulpia Petreorum eq VI Ulpia Petreorum (p218) |
I Sebastena (52 JUD) I Thracum (a79) (186) (NotD) III Augusta Thracum II Thracum Syriaca (86) (194) (NotD) III Thracum Syriaca IV Thracum Syriaca (a68) I Ascalonitanorum sagitt (18 JUD) I Flavia Chalcidenorum eq sagitt (206) I Damascenorum sagitt (NotD) II Italica voluntariorum c.R. sagitt I Ulpia Petreorum eq sagitt I Ulpia c.R. sagitt I Augusta Thracum eq sagitt (116 RT) |
^ k: Aegyptus
| ALAE | XXX | COHORTES | COHORTES |
|---|---|---|---|
| Apriana (a37) (3rdC) (NotD) (Augusta Syriaca 103) Commagenorum Gallorum veterana (88) (c200) (NotD) (I Thracum Macedonica 90) (179) Vocontiorum |
I Ulpia Afrorum eq (179) I Flavia Cilicum eq (98) (179) II Ituraeorum (91) III Ituraeorum (98) (p212) I Aug. praetoria Lusitanorum eq (3rdC) (NotD) I Macedonica eq (238) |
I Pannoniorum (193) (I Thebaeorum eq 98) (a37) (NotD?) II Thebaeorum (91) scutata c.R. (a26) (NotD) I Apamenorum eq sagitt |
^ l: Mauretania
| ALAE | XXX | COHORTES | COHORTES | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| III Asturum (NotD) I Augusta c.R. I Augusta Gallorum I Gallorum Tauriana victrix (c70 HISP) (p212) Gemelliana c.R. I Flavia Numidica (a68) I Augusta Nerviana (p180) I Pannoniorum (a68 AFR) (257 NUM) II Augusta Thracum (ii) (90) I Hamiorum sagitt (203) Parthorum sagitt (c198) I Syrorum sagitt II Syrorum sagitt |
I Flavia Afrorum II Flavia Afrorum (197) I Asturum et Callaecorum (57) III Asturum c.R. eq (NotD) II Breucorum (c200) II Brittonum eq (81 GI) I Chalcidenorum eq (c70) VI Commagenorum eq (210) I Corsorum c.R. (a37 SDN?) V Delmatarum c.R. |
(Aelia expedita p161) I Flavia eq III Gallorum felix IV Gallorum c.R. II Hamiorum (209) I Flavia Hispanorum (209) II Hispanorum c.R. eq (a96) I Ituraeorum c.R. I Lemavorum c.R. VII Lusitanorum eq (97) |
I Flavia Musulamiorum eq (88 SYR) (c200) (I Nurritanorum 107) (c190) II Sardorum (238) (IV Sugambrorum 107) (250) IV Tungrorum (230) I Syrorum sagitt (209) II Syrorum eq sagitt (88) (c200) |
^ m: Internal
| ALAE | XXX | COHORTES | COHORTES |
|---|---|---|---|
| II Flavia Hispanorum HISP (88) (184) | III Alpinorum eq (Dalmatia) I Aelia Athoitarum THR (236 MI) I Ausetanorum (a150 HISP?) Baetica ? (72 BAE?) I Flavia Bessorum MCD Callaecorum ? I Celtiberorum eq HISP (NotD) I Cisipadensium c.R. THR (94 MS) Dacorum ? I Gallica c.R. eq HISP (a97) (220) (NotD) I Delmatarum mill eq (Dalmatia) |
I Ligurum AS? maritima BAE Maurorum et Afrorum ? I Musulamiorum LYC VI praetoria BYT (a79 BYT) III sagittariorum ? I/II nova tironum HISP (a68) VIII voluntariorum DLM (a54) (c200) XXV voluntariorum HISP? |
[edit] TABLE II: Regiments attested in the 1st century only
| ALAE | XXX | COHORTES | COHORTES | COHORTES |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| VI Delmatarum eq VII Delmatarum eq |
[edit] TABLE III: Regiments attested in the 3rd century only
| ALAE | XXX | COHORTES | COHORTES | COHORTES |
|---|---|---|---|---|
GLOSSARY:
(a) imperial dedications
- Augusta: founded by emperor Augustus (r.37BC-14AD), or honoured by any of his successors
- Claudia: founded by, or honoured by, one of: Tiberius (r.14-37), Caligula (37-41) or Claudius (41-54), all of whom were members of the Claudii clan
- Flavia: Vespasian (Titus Flavius Vespasianus r.69-79) one of his two sons and successors, Titus (79-81) or Domitian (81-96)
- Ulpia: Trajan (Marcus Ulpius Traianus r.98-117)
- Aelia: Hadrian (Publius Aelius Hadrianus r.117-138)
- Aurelia: Marcus Aurelius (r.161-180)
- Septimia: Septimius Severus (r.197-211)
N.B. In the 4th century, Valeria referred to emperor Diocletian (Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus, r.284-305) and Flavia to Constantine I (Flavius Valerius Constantinus, r.312-337) or some of his successors.
(b) regiments originally raised in emergencies
- civium Romanorum (c.R. for short): regiment (i) originally composed of Roman citizens raised for Illyrian revolt crisis (6-9 AD) OR (ii) granted the title as reward for outstanding service by later emperors. All the regiment's members at the time, but not their successors, would be granted Roman citizenship[1]
- ingenuorum: regiment originally free-born (ingenui) Roman citizens
- classica: regiment originally composed of fleet (classis) personnel. Also nauticarum = "of sailors" (nautae) and maritima (from mare "sea")
- tironum: regiment originally trainees (tirones)
- veterana: regiment originally composed of auxiliary veterans recalled to active service
- voluntariorum: regiment originally volunteers (voluntarii), in reality slaves freed in return for military service during the Illyrian revolt crisis[2]
(c) other regiments
- singularium: elite cavalry squadrons split from equites singulares Augusti (imperial horse guards from singulares "escorts") after campaigns to become regular alae.
- contariorum: heavy lancers (from contus, a long lance), deployed in Pannonia to counter Sarmatians
[edit] INDEX
Linguistic group code
- C = Celtic language group
- X = non Indo-European language
- X/C = non Indo-European base with strong Celtic influence
- X/S = Semitic language group
| Regimental name |
Original tribe/city |
Roman province |
Original territory (approx.) |
Native language |
See also |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Afrorum | Afri | Africa | Tunisia | Berber (X) | |
| Alpinorum | Salassi | Alpes Tres | Val d'Aosta, NW It | Ligurian (X/C) | Alpinorum auxiliary cohorts |
| Antiochensium | Antiochenses | Syria | Antakya Turkey | Aramaic (X/S) | |
| Aquitanorum | Aquitani | Aquitania | Aquitaine, SW Fr | Aquitanian (X) | |
| Apamenorum | Apameni | Syria | Apamea, Syria | Aramaic (X/S) | |
| Aravacorum | Aravaci | Lusitania | Burgos pr Spain | Celtiberian (C) | |
| Ascalonitanorum | Ascalonitani | Judaea | Ascalon, Israel | Aramaic (X/S) | |
| Asturum | Astures | Hispania | Asturias N Sp | Celtiberian (C) | |
| Athoitarum | Autariatae | Dalmatia | Bosnia | Illyrian | |
| Ausetanorum | Ausetani | Hispania | N Barcelona pr Sp | Iberian (X) | |
| Baetasiorum | Baetasii | Germania Inf | S Netherlands | W Germanic | |
| Batavorum | Batavi | Germania Inf | Betuwe E Neth | W Germanic | |
| Bessorum | Bessi | Thracia | Mid Bulgaria | Thracian | |
| Biturigum | Bituriges | Lugdunensis | Berry, C France | Gaulish (C) | |
| Bosporanorum | Bosporani | Moesia Inf | NE Bulgaria | Sarmatian | |
| Bracarorum (Bracarum) (Bracaraugust.) |
Bracari | Lusitania | Minho, Portugal | Celtiberian (C) | |
| Breucorum | Breuci | Dalmatia | N Bosnia | Illyrian | |
| Brittonum (Britannorum) |
Brittones (Britanni) |
Britannia | N Britain | Brythonic (C) | |
| Callaecorum | Callaeci | Hispania | Galicia NW Spain | Celtiberian | |
| Campagonum | Campagones | Hispania | N Spain | Celtiberian | |
| Campanorum | (Roman cit) | Italia | Campania It. | Latin | |
| Canathenorum | Canatheni | Syria | Canatha, Syria | Aramaic X/S | |
| Cannanefatium | Cananefates | Germania Inf | S Holland, Neth | W Germanic | |
| Cantabrorum | Cantabri | Hispania | Cantabria N Sp. | Celtiberian (C) | |
| Celtiberorum | Celtiberi | Hispania | Guadalajara Spain | Celtiberian (C) | |
| Chalcidenorum | Chalcideni | Bithynia | Chalcedon, Turk | Greek | |
| Cilicum | Cilices | Cilicia | Icel/Adana pr Turk | Lydian | |
| Cisipadensium | (Roman cit) | Italia (Aemilia) | Emilia-Romagna, It | Latin | |
| Commagenorum | Commagene | Cappadocia | Gaziantep pr Turk | Greek | |
| Corsorum | Corsi | Sardinia | N Sardinia, It | Sardinian | |
| Cretum | Cretes | Creta | Crete, Greece | Greek | |
| Cugernorum | Cugerni | Germania Inf | NW Rhineland Ger | W Germanic | |
| Dardanorum | Dardani | Macedonia | S Serbia/Kosovo | Illyrian | |
| Dacorum | Daci | Dacia | Romania | Dacian | |
| Damascenorum | Damasceni | Syria | Damascus, Syria | Aramaic (X/S) | |
| Delmatarum | Dalmatae | Dalmatia | Dalmacja, Croatia | Illyrian | |
| Frisiavonum | Frisiavones | Germania Inf | N Brabant S Neth | W Germanic | |
| Gaesatorum | Gaesati | Belgica | Alsace, Fr | Gaulish | |
| Gaetulorum | Gaetuli | Mauretania | Algeria | Berber (X) | |
| Galatarum | Galatae | Galatia | Ankara pr C Turk | Galatian (C) | |
| Gallorum | Gauls | Lugdunensis | NE France | Gaulish (C) | |
| Hamiorum | Hamii | Syria | Hama, Syria | Aramaic (X/S) | |
| Helvetiorum | Helvetii | Belgica | SW Switzerland | Gaulish (C) | |
| Hispanorum | Hispani | Hispani | N Spain | Celtiberian (C) | |
| Ituraeorum | Ituraei | Syria | S Lebanon | Aramaic (X/S) | |
| Latobicorum | Latobici | Pannonia | C Bosnia | Illyrian | |
| Lemavorum | Lemavi | Hispania | Galicia, Spain | Celtiberian (C) | |
| Ligurum | Ligures | Italia (Liguria) | Liguria, It | Ligurian (X/C) | Alpinorum auxiliary cohorts |
| Lingonum | Lingones | Belgica | Langres, NE Fr | Gaulish (C) | |
| Lucensium | Lucenses | Hispania | cLugo Galicia | Celtiberian (C) | |
| Lusitanorum | Lusitani | Lusitania | Portugal | Celtiberian (C) | |
| Mattiacorum | Mattiaci | Germania Sup | Rhineland Pfalz | W Germanic | |
| Maurorum | Mauri | Mauretania | Algeria | Berber (X) | |
| Menapiorum | Menapii | Belgica | W Flanders, Bel | Gaulish (C) | |
| Morinorum | Morini | Belgica | Pas-de-Calais Fr | Gaulish (C) | |
| Montanorum | Montani | Pannonia | Julian Alps, Slov | Raetian (X/C) | Raetorum auxiliary cohorts |
| Musulamiorum | Musulamii | Mauretania | E Algeria | Berber (X) | |
| Nerviorum | Nervii | Belgica | Flandres, Fr | Gaulish (C) | |
| Noricorum | Taurisci | Noricum | Mid Austria | (C) | Raetorum auxiliary cohorts |
| Numidarum | Numidae | Numidia | NE Algeria | Berber (X) | |
| Nurritanorum | Nurritani | Sardinia | cNuoro, N Sardinia | Sardinian | |
| Pannoniorum | Pannonii | Pannonia | W Hungary | Illyrian | |
| Parthorum | Parthi | Cappadocia | E Turkey | Parthian | |
| Petreorum | Nabataei | Arabia Pet. | cPetra Jordan | Arabic (X/S) | |
| Phrygum | Phryges | Galatia | Eskisehir W Turk | Phrygian | |
| Raetorum | Raeti | Raetia | S Ger/Switz | Raetian (X/C) | Raetorum auxiliary cohorts |
| Sardorum | Sardi | Sardinia | S Sardinia | Sardinian | |
| Scubulorum | Scubuli | Macedonia | cSkopje Mac | Illyrian | |
| Sequanorum | Sequani | Belgica | Franche-Comte Fr | Gaulish (C) | |
| Sugambrorum | Sicambri | Germania Inf | NW Rhineland | W Germanic | |
| Sunucorum | Sunici | Germania Inf | E Neth | W Germanic | |
| Syrorum | Syri | Syria | Syria | Aramaic (X/S) | |
| Thebaeorum | Thebaei | Aegyptus | Thebes, Egypt | Egyptian (X) | |
| Thracum | Thraces | Thracia | Bulgaria | Thracian | |
| Trevirorum | Treviri | Belgica | cTrier Ger | Gaulish (C) | |
| Tungrorum | Tungri | Belgica | cTongres Bel | Gaulish (C) | |
| Tyriorum | Tyrii | Syria | Tyre, S Lebanon | Phoenician | |
| Ubiorum | Ubii | Germania Inf | NW Rhineland | W Germanic | |
| Vangionum | Vangiones | Germania Sup | Mainz/Worms Ger | W Germanic | |
| Varcianorum | Varciani | Pannonia | E Croatia | Illyrian | |
| Vardulorum | Varduli | Hispania | Guipuzcoa, Spain | Old Basque (X) | |
| Vasconum | Vascones | Hispania | Navarra, Spain | Old Basque | |
| Vettonum | Vettones | Lusitania | Salamanca pr Sp | Celtiberian (C) | |
| Vindelicorum | Vindelici | Raetia | Black Forest, Ger | Celtic/German | Raetorum auxiliary cohorts |
| Vocontiorum | Vocontii | Lugdunensis | Dauphiné, Fr | Gaulish (C) |
| Regimental name |
Original recruits |
No units |
| campestris | freed rural slaves (R. cit.) | |
| civium Romanorum | Roman citizens | |
| classica | naval marines | |
| ingenuorum | free-born R. citizens | |
| singularium | ex imperial horse guards | |
| voluntariorum | freed slaves (Rom. cit.) |
