List of Prime Ministers of Canada
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This is a list of Prime Ministers of Canada since Confederation. In Canada's bicameral Westminster-style parliamentary government, the Prime Minister is the leader of the party that controls the most seats in the lower house of parliament and acts as Canada's head of government. While there is a long standard tradition of considering John A. Macdonald Canada's first Prime Minister, since he was prime minister after Canadian Confederation, a number of modern scholars, foremost among them John Ralston Saul, argue that Louis-Hippolyte Lafontaine is truly Canada's first Prime Minister. He and his joint premier Robert Baldwin were the first to govern the United Province of Canada as democratically elected leaders.
Contents |
[edit] Timeline
Liberal Party of Canada Historical conservative parties: Liberal-Conservative, Conservative (historical), Unionist, N.L.C., Progressive Conservative Conservative Party of Canada
| Prime Minister (party) |
Period | Parli- ament |
Elections (Riding) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |
1st | Sir John A. Macdonald (Liberal-Conservative) (1st time of 2) |
July 1, 1867 November 5, 1873 |
... 1st 2nd ... |
Designated July 1, 1867 Elected Aug-Sep, 1867 (Kingston, ON) Re-elected Jul-Oct, 1872 (Kingston, ON) Resigned (Pacific Scandal) November 5, 1873 |
 |
2nd | Alexander Mackenzie (Liberal) |
November 7, 1873 October 9, 1878 |
... 3rd |
Designated November 7, 1873 (Lambton, ON) Elected January 22, 1874 (Lambton, ON) |
|
|
- | Sir John A. Macdonald (Liberal-Conservative) (2nd time of 2) |
October 17, 1878 June 6, 1891 |
4th 5th 6th 7th ... |
Elected September 17, 1878 (Victoria, BC[1]) Re-Elected June 20, 1882 (Carleton, Lennox, ON) Re-elected February 22, 1887 (Kingston, Carleton, ON) Re-elected March 5, 1891 (Kingston, ON) Died in office June 6, 1891 |
 |
3rd | Sir John Abbott (Liberal-Conservative) |
June 16, 1891 November 24, 1892 |
... ... |
Designated June 16, 1891 (QC senate[2]) Resigned (Retired) November 24, 1892 |
 |
4th | Sir John Thompson (Conservative) |
December 5, 1892 December 12, 1894 |
... ... |
Designated December 5, 1892 (Antigonish, NS) Died in office December 12, 1894 |
 |
5th | Sir Mackenzie Bowell (Conservative) |
December 21, 1894 April 27, 1896 |
... ... |
Designated December 21, 1894 (ON senate[3]) Resigned (Retired) April 27, 1896 |
 |
6th | Sir Charles Tupper (Conservative) |
May 1, 1896 July 8, 1896 |
none[4] | Designated May 1, 1896 (Cape Breton, NS) |
 |
7th | Sir Wilfrid Laurier (Liberal) |
July 11, 1896 October 6, 1911 |
8th 9th 10th 11th |
Elected June 23, 1896 (Québec-Est, QC, Saskatchewan, NWT) Re-Elected November 7, 1900 (Québec-Est, QC) Re-Elected November 3, 1904 (Québec-Est, Wright, QC) Re-Elected October 26, 1908 (Québec-Est, QC, Ottawa, ON) |
 |
8th | Sir Robert Borden (Conservative/Unionist) |
October 10, 1911 July 10, 1920 |
12th ... 13th ... |
Elected September 21, 1911 (Halifax, NS) Changed Parties October 12, 1917 Re-Elected December 17, 1917 (Kings, NS) Resigned (Retired) July 9, 1920 |
 |
9th | Arthur Meighen (N.L.C.) (1st time of 2) |
July 10, 1920 December 29, 1921 |
... | Designated July 7, 1920 (Portage La Prairie, MB) |
 |
10th | William Lyon Mackenzie King (Liberal) (1st time of 3) |
December 29, 1921 June 29, 1926 |
14th 15th ... ... |
Elected December 6, 1921 (Minority) (York North, ON) Re-Elected[5] (Minority) October 29, 1925 (York North,[6] ON) By-Election February 15, 1926 (Prince Albert, SK) Resigned (King-Byng Affair) June 28, 1926 |
|
|
- | Arthur Meighen (Conservative) (2nd time of 2) |
June 29, 1926 September 25, 1926 |
... | Designated June 29, 1926 (Portage La Prairie, MB) |
|
|
- | William Lyon Mackenzie King (Liberal) (2nd time of 3) |
September 25, 1926 August 6, 1930 |
16th | Elected (Minority) September 14, 1926 (Prince Albert, SK) |
 |
11th | Richard Bedford Bennett (Conservative) |
August 7, 1930 October 23, 1935 |
17th | Elected July 28, 1930 (Calgary West, AB) |
|
|
- | William Lyon Mackenzie King (Liberal) (3rd time of 3) |
October 23, 1935 November 15, 1948 |
18th 19th 20th ... ... |
Elected October 14, 1935 (Prince Albert, SK) Re-Elected March 26, 1940 (Prince Albert, SK) Re-Elected June 11, 1945 (Prince Albert),[7] SK)) By-Election August 6, 1945 (Glengarry, ON) Resigned (Retired) 1948 |
 |
12th | Louis St. Laurent (Liberal) |
November 15, 1948 June 21, 1957 |
... 21st 22nd |
Designated August 7, 1948 (Québec-Est, QC) Re-elected June 27, 1949 (Québec-Est, QC) Re-Elected August 10, 1953 (Québec-Est, QC) |
 |
13th | John Diefenbaker (Progressive Conservative) |
June 21, 1957 April 22, 1963 |
23rd 24th 25th |
Elected (Minority) June 10, 1957 (Prince Albert, SK) Re-Elected March 31, 1958 (Prince Albert, SK) Re-Elected (Minority) June 18, 1962 (Prince Albert, SK) |
 |
14th | Lester B. Pearson (Liberal) |
April 22, 1963 April 20, 1968 |
26th 27th ... |
Elected (Minority) April 8, 1963 (Algoma East, ON) Re-Elected (Minority) November 8, 1965 (Algoma East, ON) Resignation (Retired) April 20, 1968 |
| 15th | Pierre Trudeau (Liberal) (1st time of 2) |
April 20, 1968 June 4, 1979 |
... 28th 29th 30th |
Designated April 6, 1968 (Mount Royal, QC) Re-elected June 25, 1968 (Mount Royal, QC) Re-Elected (Minority) October 30, 1972 (Mount Royal, QC) Re-Elected July 8, 1974 (Mount Royal, QC) |
|
 |
16th | Joe Clark (Progressive Conservative) |
June 4, 1979 March 3, 1980 |
31st | Elected (Minority) May 22, 1979 (Yellowhead, AB) |
| - | Pierre Trudeau (Liberal) (2nd time of 2) |
March 3, 1980 June 30, 1984 |
32nd ... |
Elected February 18, 1980 (Mount Royal, QC) Resigned (Retired) June 30, 1984[8] |
|
| 17th | John Turner (Liberal) |
June 30, 1984 September 17, 1984 |
... | Designated June 16, 1984 (non-MP) | |
 |
18th | Brian Mulroney (Progressive Conservative) |
September 17, 1984 June 25, 1993 |
33rd 34th ... |
Elected September 4, 1984 (Manicouagan, QC) Re-Elected November 21, 1988 (Charlevoix, QC) Resigned (Retired) June 25, 1993[9] |
| 19th | Kim Campbell (Progressive Conservative) |
June 25, 1993 November 4, 1993 |
... | Designated June 13, 1993 (Vancouver Centre, BC) | |
 |
20th | Jean Chrétien (Liberal) |
November 4, 1993 December 12, 2003 |
35th 36th 37th ... |
Elected October 25, 1993 (Saint-Maurice, QC) Re-Elected June 2, 1997 (Saint-Maurice, QC) Re-Elected November 27, 2000 (Saint-Maurice, QC) Resigned (Retired) December 12, 2003[10] |
 |
21st | Paul Martin (Liberal) |
December 12, 2003 February 6, 2006 |
... 38th |
Designated November 15, 2003 Re-elected (Minority) June 28, 2004 (Lasalle-Émard, QC) |
.jpg/75px-Stephen_Harper_(Official_Photo).jpg) |
22nd | Stephen Harper (Conservative) |
February 6, 2006 incumbent |
39th | Elected (Minority) January 23, 2006 (Calgary Southwest, AB) |
[edit] Notes
- ^ In 1878, John A. Macdonald presented himself in the electoral districts of Kingston, ON, Marquette, MB, and Victoria, BC. He was defeated in Kingston, Ontario by Liberal Alexander Gunn. However, since Macdonald was elected in the two other districts and chose to sit as an MP from Victoria, BC, he did not present himself in another by-election.
- ^ John Abbott was a senator from the Quebec Senate District of Inkerman when he was appointed as Prime Minister.
- ^ Mackenzie Bowell was a senator from the Ontario Senate District of Hastings when he was appointed as Prime Minister.
- ^ After the dissolution of the 7th Canadian Parliament, Mackenzie Bowell stepped down and Sir Charles Tupper became Prime Minister on May 1, 1896. Tupper was only Prime Minister during the 1896 election campaign, which he lost, so he was never Prime Minister of a sitting parliament.
- ^ In the 15th general election, P.M. King's Liberals elected fewer seats than Arthur Meighen's Conservatives. However, King stayed in power with the support of the Progressive Party.
- ^ Defeated in his electoral district.
- ^ Defeated in his electoral district.
- ^ Resignation announced February 29, 1984
- ^ Resignation announced February 1993
- ^ Jean Chrétien announced on August 21, 2002, his intention to step down in February 2004 and ended up resigning on December 12, 2003.
[edit] Facts and Figures
 Sir John A. Macdonald was the first Prime Minister of Canada, and the first (and so far only) Prime minister to resign due to scandal. He was also a problem alcoholic. |
 Sir Charles Tupper was Canada's shortest-serving Prime Minister at 68 days. |
 Wilfrid Laurier had the longest unbroken term as Canada's Prime Minister at 15 years, 87 days. He led the campaign against the two main parties’ attempt to put aside partisan bickering during a time of war. |
 William Lyon Mackenzie King was Canada's longest-serving Prime Minister, with three terms (4 years, 182 days |
 Lester B. Pearson introduced universal health care, student loans, the Canada Pension Plan, Canada's flag, and won the Nobel Peace Prize. He was never voted into a majority government. |
 Joe Clark was Canada's youngest Prime Minister, starting the day before his 40th birthday. He was still trying to get re-elected 20 years after being defeated. |
Kim Campbell.jpg
Kim Campbell was the first and so far only female Prime Minister of Canada. Several factors, including inheriting an unpopular government, and claiming an election was no time to discuss issues, resulted in her party suffering the greatest defeat in Canadian electoral history. |
 Stephen Harper is the current Prime Minister of Canada. |
[edit] See also
- List of Canadian monarchs
- List of Governors General of Canada
- List of Joint Premiers of the Province of Canada, for prime ministers of the Province of Canada, 1841-67
[edit] References
- Prime Ministers of Canada - 1867 to Date (.asp) (English). Parliament of Canada.
- Prime Ministers of Canada (.htm) (English). Canada Info Link.
- The Prime Ministers of Canada (.php) (English). 7th Floor Media.
[edit] External links
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