List of Presidents of Portugal

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For Portuguese heads of state prior to 1910, see list of Portuguese monarchs.
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Cavaco Silva, the current President
Cavaco Silva, the current President

The complete list of Presidents of the Portuguese Republic consists of the 20 heads of state in the history of Portugal since the October 5, 1910 revolution that installed a republican regime. This list includes not only those persons who were sworn into office as President of Portugal but also those who de facto served as head of state since 1910. This is the case of Teófilo Braga who served as President of the Provisional Government after the republican coup d'état. Also Sidónio Pais, Mendes Cabeçadas, Gomes da Costa, as well as Canto e Castro and Óscar Carmona in their early months, weren't sworn into office as President of the Republic, usually being the President of the Ministry (Prime Minister), but de facto accumulation this functions with that of the Head of State. See the notes for more information.

The numbering reflects the uninterrupted time in office served by a single person. For example, Jorge Sampaio served two consecutive terms and is counted as the 19th president (not the 19th and 20th). Teófilo Braga served as the first and sole president of the Provisional Government, and therefore is not considered the first President, although he would serve again as head of state and be the 2nd president after Manuel de Arriaga's resignation. Bernardino Machado served two non-consecutive terms and is counted as both the 3rd and the 8th president. Because of this, the list below contains 20 presidencies, but only 19 presidents.

The current President of Portugal is Aníbal Cavaco Silva, winner of the 2006 presidential election.

The colors indicate the political affiliation of each President.

Contents

[edit] Presidents

      No party
      Republican       Democratic       National Republican/Sidonist       Evolutionist Republican/Liberal Republican
      National Union/Popular National Action
      Democratic Renovator       Socialist       Social Democratic

# President Took office Left office Party
Provisional Government of the Republic (1910-1911)
- Joaquim Teófilo Fernandes Braga[1] October 5, 1910 August 24, 1911 Republican
First Republic (1911-1926)
1 Manuel José de Arriaga Brum da Silveira e Peyrelongue August 24, 1911 May 25, 1915 [R] Republican
later Democratic
2 Joaquim Teófilo Fernandes Braga [2] May 29, 1915 August 5, 1915 Democratic
3 Bernardino Luís Machado Guimarães August 6, 1915 December 5, 1918 [C] Democratic
4 Sidónio Bernardino Cardoso da Silva Pais[3] April 28, 1918 December 14, 1918 [A] National Republican
or "Sidonist"
5 João do Canto e Castro da Silva Antunes[4] December 14, 1918 October 5, 1919 National Republican
or "Sidonist"
6 António José de Almeida October 5, 1919 October 5, 1923 Evolutionist Republican
later Liberal Republican
7 Manuel Teixeira Gomes October 6, 1923 December 11, 1925 [R] Democratic
8 Bernardino Luís Machado Guimarães December 11, 1925 May 31, 1926 [C] Democratic
Ditadura Nacional (National Dictatorship)/ Second Republic (1926-1932)
9 José Mendes Cabeçadas Júnior[5] May 31, 1926 June 17, 1926 [C] Military officer
10 Manuel de Oliveira Gomes da Costa[5] June 17, 1926 July 9, 1926 [C] Military officer
Estado Novo (New State)/ Second Republic (1932-1974)
11 António Óscar Fragoso Carmona[5][6] July 9, 1926 April 18, 1951 [D] Military officer
since 1932, National Union
12 António de Oliveira Salazar[7] April 18, 1951 July 21, 1951 National Union
13 Francisco Higino Craveiro Lopes July 21, 1951 August 9, 1958 National Union
14 Américo de Deus Rodrigues Tomás August 9, 1958 April 25, 1974 [C] National Union
since 1968 Popular National Action
Third Republic (Democracy) (1974-today)
15 António Sebastião Ribeiro de Spínola[8] April 25, 1974 September 30, 1974 [R] Military officer
16 Francisco da Costa Gomes September 30, 1974 July 13, 1976 Military officer
17 António dos Santos Ramalho Eanes July 14, 1976 March 9, 1986 Military officer
later Democratic Renovator
18 Mário Alberto Nobre Lopes Soares March 9, 1986 March 9, 1996 Socialist
19 Jorge Fernando Branco de Sampaio March 9, 1996 March 9, 2006 Socialist
20 Aníbal António Cavaco Silva March 9, 2006 Present Social Democratic
  • Left office early:
[A] Assassinated.
[D] Died in office of natural causes.
[R] Resigned.
[C] Forced to resign due to a coup d'état'.

[edit] Notes

  1. ^ Teófilo Braga served as President of the Provisional Government, the de facto head of government and head of state, from the republican revolution of 1910 to the election of Manuel de Arriaga, the 1st President of Portugal.
  2. ^ Teófilo Braga's biography in the official page of the Presidency of the Portuguese Republic. Retrieved on February 17, 2008.
  3. ^ After doing a coup d'état, Sidónio Pais became President of the Revolutionary Junta and later Prime Minister (President of the Ministry). He abolished the post of President of the Republic, assuming himself as the head of state as Prime Minister. He was assassinated in 1918.
  4. ^ Canto e Castro was head of the Council of Ministers that served as the head of state of Portugal after the assassination of Sidónio Pais in 1918, from December 14 to December 16. He then became interim president until the election of António José de Almeida.
  5. ^ a b c Mendes Cabeçadas, Gomes da Costa and Óscar Carmona were the heads of the revolutionary provisional governments during the year of 1926. Although not called Presidents, they were de facto heads of state.
  6. ^ Óscar Carmona served initially as head of the revolutionary government after a counter-coup deposed Gomes da Costa. He was de facto head of state between July 9 and November 16, 1926. However he officially took office as President of the Republic on November 16, 1926. Six years later, in 1932, the Estado Novo was proclaimed and the National Union, the only legal party, was formed by António de Oliveira Salazar. Carmona joined the party and was the party's candidate for every presidential election (that were considered fraudulent) until 1951, when he died.
  7. ^ António de Oliveira Salazar, the dictatorial President of the Council of Ministers (Prime Minister) occupied the post of president interim between the death of Óscar Carmona and the election of Francisco Craveiro Lopes.
  8. ^ Between the Carnation Revolution on April 25, 1974 and May 15 of the same year, António de Spínola was the head of the National Salvation Junta, being the de facto head of state and government. After May 15 Adelino da Palma Carlos became the Prime Minister, and Spínola continued as de jure head of state as President of the Republic.

[edit] References

  • Jornal de Notícias (January-May 2006). in Museu da Presidência da República/Jornal de Notícias: Presidents de Portugal - Fotobiografias, 1st ed. 
  • Portal da História. Biografias dos Presidentes. Retrieved on February 8, 2006.

[edit] See also

Portugal Portal