List of Presidents of Peru

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Established in the Constitution of 1993, the President of Peru, officially the President of the Republic (Presidente de la República), is the chief of state of Peru and represents the republic in official international matters. The presidential term is five years. Also, Peru does not allow an incumbent President to succeed himself, so the incumbent President is barred from running in the election. (A former president may run again in subsequent presidential elections). The current president is Alan García, elected in 2006.


Contents

[edit] History

During its more than 180 years of independence, Peru has been ruled by the military leaders who fought for independence, the leaders of the War of the Pacific, representatives of the aristocracy, and democratically-elected leaders. Also, the history of the presidency has involved civil wars, coups and violence. More than once, several individuals claimed the right to be president at the same time.

Different titles have been used, such as "Protector of Peru" (used by San Martin), "Liberator of Peru" (used by Bolivar) and "Supreme Protector" (by Santa Cruz).

The following table contains a list of the individuals who have served as president of Peru.

[edit] Current living former presidents

  1. Francisco Morales Bermúdez (1975-1980)
  2. Alberto Fujimori (1990-2000)
  3. Alejandro Toledo (2001-2006)

[edit] Presidents of the Republic (1821-Present)

#
Order		 President Inaugurated Left office Form of Entry Title
1 José de San Martín July 28, 1821 September 20, 1822 Indirect elections Protector
- Francisco Xavier de Luna Pizarro September 20, 1822 September 22, 1822 Indirect elections Interim caretaker
2 José La Mar September 22, 1822 February 27, 1823 Elected by Congress President of the Government Junta
- José Bernardo de Tagle, Marquis of Torre-Tagle February 27, 1823 February 28, 1823 Interim caretaker
3 José de la Riva Agüero February 28, 1823 June 23, 1823 Elected by Congress
4 Antonio José de Sucre June 23, 1823 July 17, 1823 Elected by Congress
5 José Bernardo de Tagle, Marquis of Torre-Tagle July 17, 1823 February 17, 1824 Elected by Congress Supreme Delegate
6 Simón Bolívar February 17, 1824 January 28, 1827 Elected by Congress Liberator of Peru
7 Andrés de Santa Cruz January 28, 1827 June 9, 1827 Elected by Congress President of the Government Council
- Manuel Salazar y Baquíjano June 9, 1827 August 22, 1827 Elected by Congress Interim caretaker
8 José La Mar August 22, 1827 June 7, 1829 Direct Elections
- Antonio Gutiérrez de la Fuente June 7, 1829 September 1, 1829 Coup d'état
9 Agustín Gamarra September 1, 1829 December 20, 1833 Elected by Congress
- Francisco Xavier de Luna Pizarro December 20, 1833 December 21, 1833 Elected by Congress Interim caretaker
10 Luis José de Orbegoso y Moncada December 21, 1833 August 11, 1836 Elected by Congress
- Pedro Pablo Bermúdez[1] January 4, 1833 April 24, 1834 Coup d'état Provisional Supreme Ruler
- Felipe Santiago Salaverry[2] February 23, 1835 February 7, 1836 Coup d'état Supreme Legislator
- Andrés de Santa Cruz[3] August 11, 1836 August 25, 1838 Supreme Protector of the Confederation
11 Agustín Gamarra August 25, 1838 November 18, 1841 Elected by Congress
- Manuel Menéndez November 18, 1841 August 16, 1842 Interim caretaker President of the Government Council
- Juan Crisóstomo Torrico August 16, 1842 October 17, 1842 Coup d'état
- Francisco Vidal[4] October 17, 1842 March 15, 1843 Coup d'état
- Justo Figuerola March 15, 1843 March 20, 1843 Coup d'état
- Manuel Ignacio de Vivanco March 20, 1843 June 17, 1844 Selfproclaimed President
- Domingo Nieto March 20, 1843 February 17, 1844 Selfproclaimed President
- Ramón Castilla February 17, 1844 August 10, 1844 Elected in replace of Domingo Nieto
- Domingo Elías June 17, 1844 August 10, 1844 Selfproclaimed President
- Manuel Menéndez August 10, 1844 August 11, 1844 Interim caretaker President of the Government Council
- Justo Figuerola August 11, 1844 October 7, 1844 Coup d'état
- Manuel Menéndez October 7, 1844 April 20, 1845 Interim caretaker President of the Government Council
12 Ramón Castilla April 20, 1845 April 20, 1851 Direct Elections
13 José Rufino Echenique April 20, 1851 January 5, 1855 Direct Elections
14 Ramón Castilla January 5, 1855 October 24, 1862 Coup d'état
Direct Elections
15 Miguel de San Román October 24, 1862 April 3, 1863 Direct Elections
- Ramón Castilla April 3, 1863 April 9, 1863 Revolution
Selfproclaimed President
- Pedro Diez Canseco April 3, 1863 August 5, 1863 Interim caretaker Second Vicepresident
16 Juan Antonio Pezet August 5, 1863 April 25, 1865 First Vicepresident
- Mariano Ignacio Prado April 25, 1865 June 24, 1865 Coup d'état
17 Juan Antonio Pezet June 24, 1865 November 8, 1865
- Pedro Diez Canseco November 8, 1865 November 28, 1865 Interim caretaker
18 Mariano Ignacio Prado November 28, 1865 January 8, 1868 Direct Elections
- Pedro Diez Canseco January 8, 1868 August 2, 1868 Interim caretaker
19 José Balta August 2, 1868 July 22, 1872 Direct Elections
- Tomás Gutiérrez July 22, 1872 July 26, 1872 Coup d'état Supreme Leader of the Nation
- Francisco Diez Canseco July 26, 1872 July 27, 1872 Interim caretaker
- Mariano Herencia Zevallos July 27, 1872 August 2, 1872 Interim caretaker
20 Manuel Pardo August 2, 1872 August 2, 1876 Direct Elections
21 Mariano Ignacio Prado August 2, 1876 December 23, 1879 Direct Elections
- Nicolás de Piérola December 23, 1879 November 28, 1881 Coup d'état Commander in Chief of the State
22 Francisco García Calderón March 12, 1881 September 28, 1881 Elected by Congress
Chilean Occupation
(Lima)		 Provisional President of the Republic
23 Lizardo Montero Flores September 28, 1881 November 6, 1881 Elected by Congress
Chilean Occupation
(Arequipa)		 Provisional President of the Republic
24 Andrés Avelino Cáceres November 6, 1881 December 25, 1882 Selfproclaimed
Chilean Occupation
(Central Peru)		 President of the Republic
- Miguel Iglesias November 6, 1881 December 25, 1882 Elected by Congress
Chilean Occupation
(Cajamarca)		 Regenerator President of the Republic
- Antonio Arenas December 3, 1885 June 5, 1885 Interim caretaker President of the Government Junta
25 Andrés Avelino Cáceres June 5, 1886 August 10, 1890 Direct Elections Constitutional President
26 Remigio Morales Bermúdez August 10, 1890 April 1, 1894 Direct Elections Constitutional President
- Justiniano Borgoño April 1, 1894 August 10, 1894 Interim caretaker President of the Government Junta
27 Andrés Avelino Cáceres August 10, 1894 March 20, 1895 Direct Elections Constitutional President
- Manuel Candamo March 20, 1895 September 8, 1895 Interim caretaker President of the Government Junta
28 Nicolás de Piérola September 8, 1895 September 8, 1899 Direct Elections Constitutional President
29 Eduardo López de Romaña September 8, 1899 September 8, 1903 Direct Elections Constitutional President
30 Manuel Candamo September 8, 1903 May 7, 1904 Direct Elections Constitutional President
- Serapio Calderón May 7, 1904 September 24, 1904 Interim caretaker President of the Government Junta
31 José Pardo y Barreda September 24, 1904 September 24, 1908 Direct Elections Constitutional President
32 Augusto B. Leguía y Salcedo September 24, 1908 September 24, 1912 Direct Elections Constitutional President
33 Guillermo Billinghurst September 24, 1912 February 4, 1914 Direct Elections Constitutional President
- Óscar Benavides February 4, 1914 August 18, 1915 Coup d'état
34 José Pardo y Barreda August 18, 1915 July 4, 1919 Direct Elections Constitutional President
35 Augusto B. Leguía y Salcedo July 4, 1919 August 25, 1930 Direct Elections
Coup d'état		 Constitutional President
- Manuel María Ponce Brousset August 25, 1930 August 27, 1930 Interim caretaker
- Luis Miguel Sánchez Cerro August 27, 1930 March 1, 1931 Coup d'état 1st President of the Provisional Government Junta
- Ricardo Leoncio Elías Arias March 1, 1931 March 5, 1931 Coup d'état 2nd President of the Provisional Government Junta
- Gustavo Jiménez March 5, 1931 March 11, 1931 Coup d'état 3rd President of the Provisional Government Junta
- David Samanez Ocampo March 11, 1931 December 8, 1931 Interim caretaker President of the Southern Junta
36 Luis Miguel Sánchez Cerro December 8, 1931 April 30, 1933 Direct Elections Constitutional President
37 Óscar Benavides April 30, 1933 December 8, 1939 Elected by Congress Constitutional President
38 Manuel Prado y Ugarteche December 8, 1939 July 28, 1945 Direct Elections Constitutional President
39 José Luis Bustamante y Rivero July 28, 1945 October 29, 1948 Direct Elections Constitutional President
- Manuel Odría October 29, 1948 June 1, 1950 Coup d'état
- Zenón Noriega Agüero June 1, 1950 July 28, 1950 Interim caretaker
40 Manuel Odría July 28, 1950 July 28, 1956 Direct Elections Constitutional President
41 Manuel Prado y Ugarteche July 28, 1956 July 18, 1962 Direct Elections Constitutional President
- Ricardo Pérez Godoy July 18, 1962 March 3, 1963 Coup d'état 1st President of the Military Junta
- Nicolás Lindley March 3, 1963 July 28, 1963 Coup d'état 2nd President of the Military Junta
42 Fernando Belaúnde Terry July 28, 1963 October 3, 1968 Direct Elections Constitutional President
- Juan Velasco Alvarado October 3, 1968 August 30, 1975 Coup d'état 1st President of the Revolutionary Government of the Armed Forces
- Francisco Morales Bermúdez August 30, 1975 July 28, 1980 Coup d'état 2nd President of the Revolutionary Government of the Armed Forces
43 Fernando Belaúnde Terry July 28, 1980 July 28, 1985 Direct Elections Constitutional President
44 Alan García Pérez July 28, 1985 July 28, 1990 Direct Elections Constitutional President
45 Alberto Fujimori July 28, 1990 November 22, 2000[5] Direct Elections
Coup d'état		 President
- Valentín Paniagua November 22, 2000 July 28, 2001 Elected by Congress Interim caretaker
46 Alejandro Toledo July 28, 2001 July 28, 2006 Direct Elections President
47 Alan García Pérez July 28, 2006 Present Direct Elections President

[edit] See also

[edit] References

  1. ^ Selfproclaimed President, Parallel government with Orbegozo in Arequipa.
  2. ^ Selfproclaimed President, Parallel government with Orbegozo in Lima.
  3. ^ The Republic of Peru and the Republic of Bolivia were united into a federal state called the Peru-Bolivian Confederation. Peru was divided in the states of North Peru and South Peru, each one of them with its own President.
  4. ^ No effective central government existed after the Coup d'état against Francisco Vidal, with several generals claiming the Presidency in different cities around the country.
  5. ^ Alberto Fujimori submitted his resignation on November 19, 2000. His resignation was rejected by the Peruvian Congress, who declared him "Morally Unfit" for the Presidency and impeached him on November 22, 2000.
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