List of Pokémon (121-140)

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At the core of the multi-billion dollar[1] Pokémon media franchise of various electronic games, ongoing anime, several manga series, collectible trading card games, and other media are 493 distinctive fictional species classified as the titular Pokémon. Created by Satoshi Tajiri, Pokémon is one of Nintendo's flagship game franchises, which has sold over 143 million copies worldwide as of 2007.[2] These creatures and entities reside throughout various locations of the fictional Pokémon universe and can be caught by humans designated as Pokémon Trainers often using devices called Poké Balls. These trainers use Pokémon for a variety of purposes, such as being pets and loyal companions and/or being pitted against other trained Pokémon in competitive Pokémon battles. Pokémon are potentially powerful and magical creatures that can employ a variety of talents such as generating fire or heat, martial arts, telekinesis, and so on. Through age and experience many of these species undergo a metamorphosis and transform into a similar but stronger species in a process referred to as Pokémon evolution.

This is a selected listing of twenty of the Pokémon species, arranged as they are in the main game series' National Pokédex.

Contents

[edit] Starmie

Number: 121 Type: Water/Psychic Evolves from: Staryu Evolves into: None

Starmie (スターミー Sutāmī?) is an aquatic Pokémon that evolves from Staryu through use of a Water Stone. It moves through the water by spinning its star-shaped body in a manner like that of a propeller. It consists of two five-point, purple, star-shaped structures superimposed on top of each other. At its center is a large gem, surrounded by a golden crest like structure. Starmie's center section - the gem - is known as its "core". This gem is considered very valuable among collectors. The gem's hue can change to any color in the visual spectrum, earning Starmie the nickname "the gem of the sea". When Starmie is weak, the core grows dim and starts flickering whilst producing distinctive warning sounds.

In the Pokémon world, the aforementioned peculiar properties of Starmie's anatomy leads some people to theorize that Starmie's origins are not of this planet, and that its luminescent core is used to send electromagnetic signals into outer space. It may have some connection with Deoxys having a similar core and the ability to regenerate. In ancient times, Starmie was attributed an equally mystical origin: that it was created from the reflection of the stars upon the waves at night.

In the anime, Starmie is one of the Pokémon used in Misty's team during the most of the Kanto arc, along with its pre-evolved form, Staryu. Misty also often used Starmie outside of battle for transportation through water or for fire-fighting purposes. Misty eventually left Starmie in the care of her sisters at the Cerulean City Gym, and later reobtained it upon her return.

[edit] Mr. Mime

Number: 122 Type: Psychic Evolves from: Mime Jr. Evolves into: None

Mr. Mime (バリヤード Bariyādo?, Barriered in original Japanese language versions) is an anthropomorphic Pokémon dressed as a harlequin clown. Using its mastery of pantomime, it creates barriers of light and force to shield it from attacks, just as real mimes are renowned for creating imaginary boxes within which they trap themselves. However, it can be very hostile if something interrupts its miming. Ash's mom owns a Mr. Mime, which she uses to help her work around the house and do chores. Despite the name, female Mr. Mime exist.

[edit] Scyther

Number: 123 Type: Bug/Flying Evolves from: None Evolves into: Scizor

Scyther (ストライク Sutoraiku?, Strike in original Japanese language versions) is a mantis Pokémon. Its English name was originally going to be Stryke, as revealed in the 1999 Nintendo Official Magazine Pokémon Special #2. Scyther's most impressive feature is its blade-like arms that can easily cut through metal. Scyther is also noted for its agility. While hunting in the wild or in a battle between trainers, it relies on its speed to strike quickly and to avoid being struck in return by its foe. Its high-supernatural speed can make it seem to be in more than one place at once, or to seem invisible as it moves in, strikes, and leaves the opponent before he can feel the blow. Scyther's wings are capable of flight, but this is rare; it is not a fast or an agile flier, and it is a better hunter on its own feet.

In the anime, Tracey Sketchit catches a Scyther in the Orange Islands. It is aged and was recently removed from its clan by a younger, stronger Scyther. The bug Pokémon reconcile their differences through the interference of Team Rocket, and Tracey's Scyther is allowed to leave with him with its conflicts fully resolved. Tracey's Scyther is incredibly strong-willed, preferring to keep watch over the travellers while they sleep, as opposed to staying in its Poké Ball.

In the episode "Showdown at Dark City", two gangs were fighting in a dusty town. The leader of one team had an Electabuzz while the other had a Scyther. When Ash poured ketchup barrels on both Pokémon, they locked into each other in a death grip, meaning that Scyther and Electabuzz are possibly provoked by the color red, as a homage to the fact that both Scyther and Electabuzz can only be found in Pokémon Red.

[edit] Jynx

Number: 124 Type: Ice/Psychic Evolves from: Smoochum Evolves into: None

Jynx (ルージュラ Rūjura?, Rougela in original Japanese language versions) is a humanoid Pokémon. Jynx walks in a dance-like fashion, wiggling its hips in a seductive manner. Its bouncing motions are alluring enough so that any person seeing it feels compelled to copy the motion. Jynx is known for its smooching habit, which it actually uses as a battling tool. A Jynx usually gives a sleep or confusion-inducing kiss to its opponents, using its signature attack, "Lovely Kiss." Jynx vocalizes a mysterious language, similar to that of humans, understood only by other Jynx, and no human or other Pokémon is able to understand it.

Controversy

In 2000, children's book author Carole Boston Weatherford published an article complaining that the original design bore a striking resemblance to blackface actors, a racist image from America's past.[3] She has described the Pokémon as "a dead ringer for an obese drag queen,"[4] In response to this controversy, in 2000 Nintendo changed Jynx's face from black to purple and its hands from blue to purple in localized versions, a change which would be reflected several years later in the Japanese versions of the games and the Advanced Generation anime. The newly-redesigned Jynx has white arms, whilst the arms of the original Jynx were red.


[edit] Electabuzz

Number: 125 Type: Electric Evolves from: Elekid Evolves into: Electivire

Electabuzz (エレブー Erebū?, Eleboo in original Japanese language versions) is a Pokémon that feeds on electric currents. Its methods of securing its food vary: during thunderstorms, an Electabuzz climbs to the highest place possible, in hopes that it will be struck by lightning. As a result, many towns in the Pokémon world employ an Electabuzz in lieu of a lightning rod. Electabuzz also lurk around power plants, feeding off the electricity generated there. This behavior is dangerous to the public, as occasionally blackouts are caused by an Electabuzz overindulging itself at a power plant, or worse, walking down to a city and drawing electricity from there.

Due to its unique diet, Electabuzz's body is constantly discharging stored electricity, to the point that it glows whitish blue in darkness and static electricity effects manifest. An Electabuzz can control the electric current coursing in its body to communicate with other Electric-type Pokémon, especially with another Electabuzz. It originally is lone in its evolutionary line, but it gains a previous form, Elekid, in Pokémon Gold and Silver, and an evolution, Electivire, in Pokémon Diamond and Pearl.

Like Scyther, as seen in the anime, Electabuzz is most likely provoked by the color red.

[edit] Magmar

Number: 126 Type: Fire Evolves from: Magby Evolves into: Magmortar

Magmar (ブーバー Būbā?, Boober in original Japanese language versions) is born in the proximity of an active volcano, and if possible it spends its entire life there, or at least in a place hot enough to sustain its body temperature of 3,300 degrees Fahrenheit. If a Magmar finds itself in a cold place, it will try to make it more habitable by blowing scorching flames around. It has the ability to expel orange-colored fire from every part of its body, including its mouth. This serves both offensive and defensive purposes: a Magmar cloaked in flames resembles a big ball of fire. Together with its matching body coloration, Magmar can quite easily hide itself among flames, escaping detection. If Magmar is actually wounded, it can heal itself by dipping its wound(s) in lava. When it emerges, damp soil clings onto its body. In Gold and Silver, Magmar gets a pre-evolution, Magby, and in Diamond and Pearl, an evolution, Magmortar.

Magmar has appeared in the anime owned by various people but the ones of note are the Gym Leader Blaine, Ash's now ex-rival, Gary Oak, and his new rival, Paul. Paul had been looking for a new fire Pokémon since the release of Chimchar in "Glory Blaze" and captured Magmar sometime between capturing Gliscor in ""Gliscor and Gligar: Getting Through the Wind Maze" and his Gym Battle, with Maylene which was shown as a flashback in "Lucario and the Aura Sphere of Rage."

[edit] Pinsir

Number: 127 Type: Bug Does not evolve

Pinsir (カイロス Kairosu?, Kailios in original Japanese language versions) is a Bug-type Pokémon covered with a thick exoskeleton. Its large pincers are adorned with sharp spikes which serve to damage foes caught in the pincers and to prevent escape. If it fails to crush its foe, it will throw the foe powerfully against the ground or into another object with its pincers. Pinsir requires warm habitats to survive. It becomes immobilized in cold climates. It burrows itself into dirt using its pincers and sleeps in the burrow through the night.

[edit] Tauros

Number: 128 Type: Normal Does not evolve

Tauros (ケンタロス Kentarosu?, Kentauros in original Japanese language versions) is a bull known for its violent urges and rowdy, aggressive disposition in general, as supplied by a tremendous amount of natural stamina. Any given Tauros finds it impossible to keep up its spirits in life without near-constant rampaging. It always tries to find opponent Pokémon to battle outright to serve this purpose, but if it is alone, it will instead concentrate on charging at and knocking down thick trees to calm itself. By locking horns with other Tauros, it fights to assert dominance in a herd. The protector of the herd is usually noted by battle torn horns. As Tauros is based on a bull, it is a male-only Pokémon; its female equivalent is the more cowlike Miltank.

Tauros has a special habit that specifically affects its ability to battle, both in the wild and in trainer-directed Pokémon battles: It whips itself with its three long snapping tails. When it targets an enemy, it heightens its will to battle by whipping its own backside with its tails before charging at full speed.

In the anime, Ash Ketchum captures a herd of thirty Tauros in the Safari Zone (though the episode which features this was banned in America due to its flagrant gun use and politically incorrect humor). They usually remain in Professor Oak's fields, Ash occasionally picks one up for various tournaments or important battles.

[edit] Magikarp

Number: 129 Type: Water Evolves from: None Evolves into: Gyarados

Magikarp (コイキング Koikingu?, Koiking) is a commonly found Pokémon that can survive in rivers, lakes, oceans and even puddles. Despite its adaptability, the Pokédex states that the Magikarp species has grown weaker over time , and it is one of the least viable for battling in the series. It eventually evolves into another, far more powerful Pokémon, Gyarados. In Pokémon Pearl, one trainer named "Ander," found outside Lake Valor, possesses a Magikarp whose move "Quake" replaces the normal Magikarp's equally useless "Splash." Ander cites the reason for his choice of Pokémon as due to the similar gaping quality of their mouths.[1]

In the anime, Magikarp has appeared several times, most notably as the subject of a running gag in which a salesman attempts to trick Team Rocket into buying Magikarp in various guises. Team Rocket later adopted a Magikarp-shaped submarine.

[edit] Gyarados

Number: 130 Type: Water/Flying Evolves from: Magikarp Evolves into: None

Gyarados (ギャラドス Gyaradosu?) is the evolved form of Magikarp. It is a dramatically large change from Magikarp, going from a small fish to a long draconic, serpentine body. Gyarados tend to be very aggressive, and are powerful enough to destroy entire cities. They have a reputation for appearing where there is conflict, and shrivelling everything up with the Hyper Beam attack. Rampages like this have been known to last upwards of an entire month, and will not end until everything around them has been destroyed. Because they have been known to sink ships as well through the seastorms their rage causes, they are considered legendary among sailors, especially the red/ golden variety. Its big change in behavior is said to be attributed to a structural change occurring in its brain while evolving from Magikarp.

In the beta version of Pokémon Red and Green, Gyarados had the name of Skullkraken.

Shiny Gyarados is a particularly rare variety of Gyarados. While Gyarados are normally blue in color, there are some rare red/ gold scaled Gyarados. Though no more powerful than their more common blue counterparts, red Gyarados are valued for their rarity and individuality. This is caused in Pokémon Gold, Silver, and Crystal and the anime by a radio frequency transmitted by Team Rocket to force the Magikarp to evolve. The red coloration comes from the Magikarp evolving prematurely, and not undergoing the conversion from red to blue scale pigment. Thus, they retain the same color they had as a Magikarp. Red Gyarados are more commonly called Shiny Gyrados, or even Golden Gyarados due to the contrasting coloration.

In Generation II Pokémon games, a red Gyrados at the Lake of Rage is a main part of the plot. After its defeat or capture, a Red Scale is obtained, which can be given to Mr. Pokémon, or Marcus Spanier, in exchange for an Exp. Share. The red Gyarados is the only Pokémon in the Generation II games that will be shiny without fail.

In the anime, one is owned by Misty. At first, she fearfully dislikes Gyarados due to a traumatic experience, but manages to get over the fear, take over the Cerulean City Gym, and add one to her team. The red Gyrados in the anime is caught by Lance, the dragon trainer, to rescue it from Team Rocket. Team Rocket also uses a Gyarados-shaped submarine in early episodes, but trades it for a Magikarp-shaped submarine in later episodes.

Gyarados was noticeably larger in the Indigo Series, but has since become a lot smaller. Gyarados' most powerful attack is said to be Dragon Rage (however, this is not true in the games, given that Dragon Rage only ever does 40 damage), where many other Gyarados appear around the main Gyarados, then they start spinning around at such a speed they became one huge tornado, as seen in Episode #18: Island of The Giant Pokémon.

[edit] Lapras

Number: 131 Type: Water/Ice Does not evolve

Lapras (ラプラス Rapurasu?) is a sea turtle-like Pokémon with a shell made of rock on its back. They have a gentle, pleasant personality and intelligence high enough to understand people, another Pokémon capable of this is Lucario. Lapras is a highly sought-after Pokémon. Due to their peaceful nature, Lapras rarely fight back, posing little challenge to trainers and poachers despite their size. The continuous capture of Lapras over time has caused its numbers to dwindle, driving it to the brink of extinction. A Lapras is far more likely to sing in a plaintive, mournful cry rather than the happy ones it is known for, as it tries in vain to find others of its kind.

In Pokémon Red, Blue, Yellow, FireRed, and LeafGreen, a Lapras was given to the player when Team Rocket invaded Silph Co. in Saffron City. In Pokémon Gold, Silver, and Crystal, a Lapras would appear in the Union Cave every Friday. Even if it was KO'ed, it would reappear the next Friday.

In the anime, Ash travels to the Orange Islands and finds a small Lapras which has been accidentally left behind by its pod. It joins him after he rescues it from some unscrupulous trainers and Team Rocket. It is mainly used for transportation between the various islands, but he uses it in some battles. Lapras eventually reunites with its pod and leaves Ash. They meet up again in Johto where Lapras rescues its entire pod from Team Rocket and becomes their leader.

Lapras is loosely based upon a hybrid of a Plesiosaur, an extinct aquatic dinosaur, and a turtle. In fact, early on in the production of the American version of Pokémon Red, Blue, Yellow Lapras was originally named Ness, as an homage to the Loch Ness monster, a fabled modern Plesiosaur.

[edit] Ditto

Number: 132 Type: Normal Does not evolve

Ditto (メタモン? Metamon in original Japanese language versions) has the form of a purple amorphous blob with a simplistic face. Ditto is able to rearrange its cellular structure into anything at will, but it usually changes into another Pokémon nearby. It takes on the exact form of the Pokémon and can use all of its abilities. The only things that can make it change back are being defeated and the Ditto laughing. During the night, it transforms into a rock to avoid being attacked. If it tries to transform from memory, or if it is inexperienced, it will likely mess up on certain details such as leaving its own face or staying its own size. In a Pokémon anime, a Ditto that can only transform into a mini-size of a large Pokémon such as Onix or Steelix.

In the games, with the exception of Pokémon Mystery Dungeon: Blue Rescue Team and Red Rescue Team, it takes on the type and attacks of its opponent, but each attack has 5 PP. However in a battle between two dittos when it transforms its pp is reset to 5. Being its only move this forms an continual loop. It can also breed with any Pokémon that is capable of breeding, including genderless Pokémon such as Staryu or Porygon. In the anime, two Ditto are owned by Duplica, a girl that is able to easily mimic people. The first Ditto is used to help her run a theater. At first it cannot correctly transform its face, but with the help of Team Rocket, it overcomes that barrier. The second Ditto, "Mini-Dit", cannot change its size at all.

In Mystery Dungeon Red and Blue Rescue Team, when Ditto transforms it cannot copy any of the transformed Pokémon moves. Therefore it has only 2 attack choices -- use the attack unique to Mystery Dungeon, or use Struggle.

[edit] Eevee

Number: 133 Type: Normal Evolves from: None Evolves into: Vaporeon, Jolteon, Flareon, Espeon, Umbreon, Leafeon, and Glaceon

Eevee (イーブイ Ībui?, Eievui in original Japanese language versions) is an extremely rare Pokémon with an unstable genetic code. This gives it the ability to evolve into seven different evolutions triggered by the environment, friendship, and radiation from elemental stones. It starts out with Vaporeon, Jolteon, and Flareon in the first generation, and it gains Espeon and Umbreon in Pokémon Gold and Silver and Leafeon and Glaceon in Pokémon Diamond and Pearl. Choosing what to evolve it into is up to the trainers. It is a small brown fox-like pokemon with a distinct white-tipped tail and a white ring of fur around its neck

In Pokémon Yellow, the player was to receive Eevee from Professor Oak at the beginning of the game. However, the player's rival decides to take the Eevee before the player can obtain it. The rival evolves his Eevee into any of the three evolutions available, depending on the outcomes of the player's encounters with him in the early parts of the game.[5]

In the anime, Ash and his friends find a seemingly abandoned Eevee that belongs to a young boy, named Mikey, whose three older brothers host a party for Pokémon who evolve by evolution stones. Mikey hid Eevee because his brothers, who each have an evolution of Eevee (Vaporeon, Jolteon, and Flareon), were pressuring him to make Eevee evolve. Eevee shows how strong it is without having to evolve by helping to defeat Team Rocket and save a group of captured Pokémon. Mikey's brothers accepted his decision and apologized for pressuring him. Ash's longtime rival Gary Oak, who uses an Eevee of great quality that eventually evolves into Umbreon, and May has one that hatches from an egg. It was born with the ability to use shadow ball and dig, two techniques that can be learned if breed from a parent or parents who learned this technique. May's eevee was a participant in Pokémon Contests all across the Hoenn region. May's Eevee becomes Glaceon in the Diamond and Pearl series.

A common challenge for players of the game is to breed an Eevee, usually with a Ditto, several times to gain many Eevee and to evolve them into several of its evolutions at once. An even greater challenge is to collect all eight evolutions (including Eevee itself) and to raise them as much as they can be raised.

[edit] Vaporeon

Number: 134 Type: Water Evolves from: Eevee Evolves into: None

Vaporeon (シャワーズ Shawāzu?, Showers in original Japanese language versions) is one of the evolutions of Eevee that is caused by radiation from a water stone. Upon evolving, it gains fins and gills that give it the ability to live underwater. It has small scales that are hard to see. Its finned tail is similar to a mermaid's, so it is often mistaken for one. Vaporeon's cells are similar in structure to water molecules, and this allows it to have a unique control over the water around it. This includes being able to transform itself into liquid as a form of camouflage (this being portrayed in the games as its ability to learn the attack Acid Armor), and detect rain through subtle vibrations in its fins. Its base scale color is aqua with darker aqua that makes a line along the spine from the tail to the neck where it forms into a base for its white frill. A darker-aqua patch on the head is similar in shape to a diving cap, and upon the head are three yellow fins, two resembling ears, and the middle one, a Dorsal fin. Its ability is 'Water Absorb', which allows it to gain HP when struck with a water type move.

[edit] Jolteon

Number: 135 Type: Electric Evolves from: Eevee Evolves into: None

Jolteon (サンダース Sandāsu?, Thunders in original Japanese language versions) is one of the evolutions of Eevee that is caused by radiation from a thunder stone. Jolteon is covered with spiky, bright yellow fur, with white spiky fur surrounding its neck. Its fur sparks with electricity constantly; it can be soft to the touch or turn into sharp needles that can be fired when it is angered. Jolteon is able to gather negative ions from the atmosphere, using the resulting electricity to create lightning bolts of up to 10,000 volts. Its individual cells also create small electrical charges on their own, which combined with the static electricity caused by its body can result in powerful electric-type attacks. It's very sensitive which causes it to constantly charge as it quickly changes moods. It can also make lightning and cause small thunderstorms. In the Pokémon video games, Jolteon can absorb electric attacks and turn them into HP (Health Point, or Health) with the ability 'Volt Absorb'.

[edit] Flareon

Number: 136 Type: Fire Evolves from: Eevee Evolves into: None

Flareon (ブースター Būsutā?, Booster in original Japanese language versions) is one of the evolutions of Eevee that is caused by exposure to a Fire Stone. It has a red body and thick, white fur on its face, head, neck, and tail. Its ears are as long as the Jolteon's. It stores thermal energy from the sun, causing its body temperature to skyrocket to more than a range of 1600 degrees Celsius, releasing its flames from an internal sack. Its ability is 'Flash Fire' which negates fire-type moves against it and increases its attack by 1.5 times damage if hit by a damaging fire attack.

[edit] Porygon

Number: 137 Type: Normal Evolves from: None Evolves into: Porygon2

Porygon (ポリゴン Porigon?) is the first man-made Pokémon, the product of extensive research by Silph Co. It consists entirely of programming code, allowing it to convert itself entirely back to program data. This allows it to move freely in cyberspace. This code is copy protected in order to prevent duplication. This code is fairly restrictive, limiting Porygon to certain pre-programmed motions, actions, and reactions. As it does not need to breathe, it is used in various environments, even some normally considered inhospitable.

In the Pokémon world, Porygon is only available as a prize from slot machines. As a result, a large number of people have taken to playing the slots seeking to win a Porygon. These gamblers are especially visible in the towns of Kanto and Johto, although they are not in Hoenn, and Porygon actually run wild in Sinnoh. Porygon is cheaper to obtain in some Pokémon versions than in others.

Porygon makes several cameo appearances in the Super Smash Bros. series of crossover fighting games. Porygon first appears in Super Smash Bros. as one of many Pokémon creatures that assist one player, and later appears in one stage of Super Smash Bros. Melee as a moving platform. Porygon's most significant appearance in the Pokémon Anime to date is Dennō Senshi Porygon, an episode notorious for having caused hundreds of children to have epileptic seizures[1] during its broadcast in Japan. Aside from that, Porygon has had only a few minor cameo appearances.

[edit] Omanyte

Number: 138 Type: Rock/Water Evolves from: None Evolves into: Omastar

Omanyte (オムナイト Omunaito?, Omnite in original Japanese language versions) is a prehistoric Pokémon that is long extinct. Some can be revived using helix fossils, and a small number have been shown to be in deep hibernation. It lives in the deep in the primordial sea where it navigates by twisting its ten tentacles, and uses air in its shell to rise and sink. It eats plankton off of the sea floor, and withdraws into its shell to escape harm. Omanyte is based on the ammonite a creature which resembles it, and sounds similar in name.

[edit] Omastar

Number: 139 Type: Rock/Water Evolves from: Omanyte Evolves into: None

Omastar (オムスター Omusutā?, Omstar in original Japanese language versions) is the evolution of Omanyte. Omastar went extinct due to its heavy shell making it too sluggish to capture prey despite the fact that its ability is "swift swim". When it does capture prey, it uses its tentacles, which developed similarly to hands and feet, to hold its prey, and tear at it with its fangs within the mouth. If met with mollusks, such as Shellder, it cracks the shell and sucks out the insides. Its appearance seems to be based on the ammonite, an extinct cephalapod that resembles a Chambered Nautilus.

[edit] Kabuto

Number: 140 Type: Rock/Water Evolves from: None Evolves into: Kabutops

Kabuto (カブト?) is an extinct Pokémon that can be revived dome fossils, though some living examples have been found. Remaining unchanged for 300 million years, it is an aquatic Pokémon that hides on the sea floor, which is how some Kabuto became fossils in the first place. While concealed, Kabuto leaves exposed only its hard shell, which protects it from any attacks, while the glowing eyes on its back allow it to continue monitoring its surroundings. If it is flipped upside down, it becomes helpless and defenseless as it is unable to flip over on its own. According to the anime, oil extracted from a Kabuto is rumored to have interesting medical properties, longevity being one of them. Kabuto is based on the Horseshoe Crab.

[edit] References

  1. ^ a b c Pokémon Franchise Approaches 150 Million Games Sold. PR Newswire.
  2. ^ David (2005). Nintendo reveal sales figures. Australia's PAL Gaming Network.
  3. ^ "Politically Incorrect Pokémon, One Of The Pokémon Characters Reinforces An Offensive Racial Stereotype" Carole Boston Weatherford. Greensboro News Record. Greensboro, N.C.: January 16, 2000. pg. H.3
  4. ^ "New Racist Forms: Jim Crow in the 21st Century" The Jim Crow Museum, Dr. David Pilgrim, Curator, Ferris State University
  5. ^ Pokémon Yellow Strategy Guide - Viridian City and Route 22 IGN. URL Accessed 12 June 2006.
Publications
  • Barbo, Maria. The Official Pokémon Handbook. Scholastic Publishing, 1999. ISBN 0-439-15404-9.
  • Loe, Casey, ed. Pokémon Special Pikachu Edition Official Perfect Guide. Sunnydale, CA: Empire 21 Publishing, 1999. ISBN 1-930206-15-1.
  • Nintendo Power. Official Nintendo Pokémon FireRed & Pokémon LeafGreen Player’s Guide. Nintendo of America Inc., August 2004. ISBN 1-930206-50-X
  • Mylonas, Eric. Pokémon Pokédex Collector’s Edition: Prima’s Official Pokémon Guide. Prima Games, September 21, 2004. ISBN 0-7615-4761-4
  • Nintendo Power. Official Nintendo Pokémon Emerald Version Player’s Guide. Nintendo of America Inc., April 2005. ISBN 1-930206-58-5
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Pokémon species