List of Pacific hurricanes

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This is a list of notable Pacific hurricanes, subdivided by reason for notability. Notability means that it has met some criterion or achieved some statistic, or is part of a top ten for some superlative. It includes lists and rankings of Pacific hurricanes by different characteristics and impacts.

Characteristics include extremes of location, such as the northernmost or most equator-ward formation or position of a tropical cyclone. Other characteristics include its central pressure, windspeed, Category on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale, or cyclogenesis outside of a normal hurricane season's timeframe. Another characteristic is how long a system went from formation to dissipation. Impacts are what the cyclone did. These include the cost of damage, the number of casualties, as well as meteorological statistics such as rainfall point maxima.

Hurricane Pauline
Hurricane Pauline

Contents

[edit] Impact

[edit] Retired names

Main article: List of retired Pacific hurricane names
v • d • e
Retired Pacific hurricane names
Eastern
Fico • Fefa • Ismael • Pauline • Kenna
Central
Iwa • Iniki • Paka • Ioke

Additionally, Adolph and Israel were removed from the list of names during and after the 2001 season due to political sensitivities. Knut was removed from the list in 1988 for unknown reasons. Adele and Iva were also removed in 1970 and 1988 respectively for unknown reasons. Hazel was replaced in 1965.[1]

[edit] Unnamed but historically significant

Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale
TD TS 1 2 3 4 5
Name Year Notes
San Diego Hurricane 1858 Strongest tropical cyclone to affect California[2]
California tropical storm 1939 Only known modern landfall in California[3]
Mexico Hurricane 1959 Most intense landfall[4]

[edit] Storms causing 100 or more deaths

Hurricane Ismael killed 105 people in Mexico
Hurricane Ismael killed 105 people in Mexico

The following tropical cyclones killed 100 or more people.

Deaths Name Year
1500–2000+ Unnamed 1959[5][6][7]
1008+ Hurricane Paul 1982[8]
600–950+ Hurricane Liza 1976[9][6][10]
500 Hurricane Tara 1961[11]
230–400 Hurricane Pauline 1997[12]
9–114 Hurricane Tico 1983[13]
105 Hurricane Ismael 1995[14]
100 Unnamed 1943[15]

[edit] Storms causing more than 50 million (2007 USD) in damage

Damage from Hurricane Iniki
Damage from Hurricane Iniki

All of these storms caused at least 50 million USD (adjusted to 2007) in damage. Iniki and Iwa are central Pacific systems; the remainder are from eastern Pacific proper.

Cost
(millions)		 Name Year Location
$9338 Hurricane Pauline 1997 Mexico[16]
$3169 Hurricane Iniki 1992 Hawaii[17]
$580 Hurricane Kathleen 1976 Mexico, California, Arizona[18]
$536 Hurricane Iwa 1982 Hawaii[19]
$317 Lidia & Norma (see below) 1981 Mexico, Texas[20][21]
$201 Hurricane Bridget 1971 Mexico[22]
$125 Hurricane Nora 1997 Mexico, California, Arizona[23]
$113 Hurricane Lane 2006 Mexico[24]
$56-113 Hurricane Kenna 2002 Mexico[25]
$62 Hurricane John 2006 Mexico[26]
$55 Hurricane Calvin 1993 Mexico[27]
$54 Unnamed 1943 Mexico[15]
$50+ Barbara 2007 Mexico, Guatemala[28]
Source for inflation:[29]

Tropical Storm Lidia and Hurricane Norma hit Mexico within a week of each other in 1981. Conflated together, they caused $84 million (1981 USD) in damage. Hence it is possible that Lidia is on the list if it caused most of that damage total.[20] Hurricane Norma is definitely on the most-damaging list since its remnants caused $50 million in damage in Texas.[21]

[edit] Seasonal activity and records

In the central Pacific, the seasons with the most tropical cyclones are 1992 and 1994, each with 11 cyclones. A season without cyclones has happened a few times since 1966, most recently in 1979.[30]

[edit] Highest

Track map of the 1992 Pacific hurricane season, the busiest ever recorded
Track map of the 1992 Pacific hurricane season, the busiest ever recorded
Year Eastern Central Total
Tropical
storms		 Hurricanes Tropical
storms		 Hurricanes
Minor Major Minor Major
1992 season 10 6 9 1 0 2 27
1985 season 10 4 8 1 1 0 24
1982 season 8 6 5 3 1 0 23
1983 season 9 4 8 0 0 0 21
1990 season 4 10 6 1 0 0 21

[edit] Lowest

Before 1971 and especially 1966, data in this basin is extremely unreliable. The geostationary satellite era began in 1966,[31] and that year is often considered the first year of reliable tropical records.[32] Intensity estimates are most reliable starting in the 1971 season. A few years later, the Dvorak technique came into use. Those two factors make intensity estimates more reliable starting in that year.[32] For these reasons, seasons prior to 1971 are not included.

Year Eastern Central Total
Tropical
storms		 Hurricanes Tropical
storms		 Hurricanes
Minor Major Minor Major
1977 season 4 4 0 0 0 0 8
1996 season 4 3 2 0 0 0 9
1999 season 3 4 2 0 0 0 9
1995 season 3 4 3 0 0 0 10
1979 season 4 2 4 0 0 0 10

[edit] Naming records

Hurricane Iwa, the fourth system to receive a central Pacific name in 1982
Hurricane Iwa, the fourth system to receive a central Pacific name in 1982

Naming of tropical cyclones in the eastern north Pacific began in the 1960 season. That year, four lists of names were created. The plan was to proceed in a manner similar to that of the western Pacific; that is, the name of the first storm in one season would be the next unused one from the same list, and when the bottom of one list was reached the next list was started. This scheme was abandoned in 1965 and next year, the lists started being recycled on a four-year rotation, starting with the A name each year.[33] That same general scheme remains in use today, although the names and lists are different.

On average, the eastern north Pacific sees about sixteen named storms per year.[34] This would reach the "P" name.

Due to the naming methods used before that season, the records start at 1966. The letters begin at "S" (the average season + 2).

At the time, the name lists only went to the letter "W", so the 1983 season is the first to exhaust its list.[36]

Due to this season's activity, the list threatened to be exhausted, so names beginning with "X", "Y", and "Z" were added during the season. Sometime after this, an alternate set of names starting with these letters was added to the lists for even numbered years so to retain parity.[36]

In the 1950's, tropical cyclones in the central north Pacific were given Hawaiian or names "borrowed" from the west Pacific's list, or went unnamed, in a generally ad hoc manner. Except for a one system dubbed "C",[37] tropical cyclones forming in the central Pacific went unnamed in the 1960's. From around 1970 until no later than 1982, central Pacific cyclones were given names and numbers from the list used for the western Pacific. Since 1982, four lists of Hawaiian names have been used.[33]

[edit] Named named storms per month

Before 1971 and especially 1966, data in this basin is extremely unreliable. The geostationary satellite era began in 1966,[31] and that year is often considered the first year of reliable tropical records.[32] Intensity estimates are more reliable starting in the 1971 season. A few years later, the Dvorak technique came into use. Those two make intensity estimates more reliable starting in that year.[32] For these reasons, seasons before 1971 are not included in the lowest column.

This excludes cyclones that crossed in from other basins.

Only the official "Best track" records are used for monthly totaling. This excludes all systems before 1949.

[edit] Eastern

Three of the September cyclones during the 2005 season, and the disturbance that developed into another
Three of the September cyclones during the 2005 season, and the disturbance that developed into another
Month Most named Least named
Number Season Number Season
Pre-season 1 1990
1996		 0 Many†
Late May 2 1956
1984
2007		 0 Many†
June 5 1985 0 2004
2005
2007
July 7 1985 1 1972
1977
1996
August 8 1968 0 1996
September 6 1965
1966
2005		 1 Many†
October 5 1992 0 Many†
November 2 2006 0 Many†
Post-season 1 1983 0 Many†

† Shared by more than three seasons.

[edit] Central

Only systems of tropical storm strength or higher are included; tropical depressions are excluded.

For all months, many seasons have had zero cyclone of tropical storm strength or higher.[30]

Month Most
Number Season
Pre-season 2 1992
June 1 2001
July 3 1982
1994
August 4 1978
September 3 1982
1985
October 2 1983
2002
November 1 1972
1982
Post-season 1 1997

[edit] Earliest and latest systems by Saffir-Simpson Category

Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale
TD TS 1 2 3 4 5

This includes all tropical cyclones of tropical storm intensity or higher. A tropical cyclone becomes a tropical storm and is named once it acquires gale-force (35 kt) winds.[38]

These only include systems for which their wind speed is known at the time, which is the factor used in ranking systems on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale. Hence, although it certainly is the earliest-forming-in-a-season tropical cyclone in the eastern Pacific proper, the February 1922 hurricane that hassled a ship while it was "coming up the coast" cannot be placed here as its wind speed is not known.[39]

[edit] Eastern

Category Name Date
Earliest Tropical Storm Alma May 14, 1990
Unnamed May 14, 1996
Earliest Category 1 Alma May 15, 1990
Earliest Category 2 Adolph May 24, 1983
Earliest Category 3 Adolph May 28, 2001
Earliest Category 4 Adolph May 28, 2001
Earliest Category 5 Ava June 7, 1973
Latest Category 5 Unnamed October 27, 1959
Latest Category 4 Ignacio October 28, 1979
Latest Category 3 Xina October 29, 1985
Latest Category 2 Sergio November 16, 2006
Latest Category 1 Winnie December 6, 1983
Latest Tropical Storm Winnie December 7, 1983
Source:[35]

[edit] Central

Category Name Date
Earliest Tropical Storm Ekeka January 28, 1992
Earliest Category 1 Ekeka January 30, 1992
Earliest Category 2 Ekeka January 31, 1992
Earliest Category 3 Ekeka February 2, 1992
Earliest Category 4 Emilia July 18, 1994
Earliest Category 5 Emilia July 19, 1994
Latest Category 5 Patsy September 6, 1959
Latest Category 4 Susan October 22, 1978
Latest Category 3 Susan October 22, 1978
Latest Category 2 Susan ~October 22, 1978†
Latest Category 1 Nina December 6, 1957
Latest Tropical Storm Nina December 7, 1957
Source:[35]

† Best track data skips this category, going straight from Category 3 to 1

[edit] Earliest forming by storm number

Seasons since 1966. Current as of the end of the 2006 season.

All indicated dates are when the system strengthened into a tropical storm, not the day their predecessor depression formed, which is often hours or days earlier.

[edit] Eastern

Cyclones of tropical storm intensity or higher that crossed in from another basin are excluded.

Storm Number Name Season Day
Storm 1 Hurricane Alma 1990 May 14
Unnamed Tropical Storm 1996 May 14
Storm 2 Hurricane Boris 1984 May 29
Storm 3 Hurricane Connie 1974 June 8
Storm 4 Hurricane Dolores 1974 June 14
Storm 5 Hurricane Elida 1990 June 26
Storm 6 Hurricane Fausto 1984 July 3
Storm 7 Hurricane Genevieve 1984 July 7
Storm 8 Tropical Storm Hilda 1985 July 19
Storm 9 Hurricane Ignacio 1985 July 21
Storm 10 Hurricane Jimena 1985 July 21
Storm 11 Tropical Storm Kevin 1985 July 29
Storm 12 Tropical Storm Linda 1985 July 31
Storm 13 Hurricane Marty 1985 August 7
Storm 14 Tropical Storm Nora 1985 August 21
Storm 15 Hurricane Olaf 1985 August 24
Storm 16 Hurricane Pauline 1985 August 31
Storm 17 Hurricane Rick 1985 September 2
Storm 18 Hurricane Sandra 1985 September 7
Storm 19 Hurricane Terry 1985 September 16
Storm 20 Tropical Storm Vivian 1985 September 20
Storm 21 Hurricane Winifred 1992 October 7
Storm 22 Tropical Storm Xavier 1992 October 14
Storm 23 Tropical Storm Yolanda 1992 October 18
Storm 24 Tropical Storm Zeke 1992 October 26
Source:[35]

[edit] Central

Cyclones of tropical storm intensity or higher that crossed in from another basin are excluded.

Storm Number Name Season Day
Storm 1 Hurricane Ekeka 1992 January 28
Storm 2 Tropical Storm Hali 1992 March 29
Storm 3 Tropical Storm Moke 1984 September 4
Storm 4 Hurricane Iwa 1982 November 19
Source:[35]


[edit] Off-season storms

[edit] Eastern

An meteorological enigma, Hurricane Ekeka formed in January
An meteorological enigma, Hurricane Ekeka formed in January

Hurricane season runs from May 15 to November 30.[40] Only systems that formed off-season in this basin are included.

[edit] Central

Hurricane season runs from June 1 to November 30.[40] Only systems that formed off-season in this basin are included.

[edit] Duration records

This lists all Pacific hurricanes that existed as tropical cyclones while in the Pacific Ocean east of the dateline for more than two weeks continuously. Hurricanes John and Dora spent some time in the west Pacific before dissipating. John spent eleven days west of the dateline; if that time was included John would have existed for a total of 30 days and 18 hours, a world record, while including Dora's time in the west Pacific would mean that it existed for exactly 18 days.[35] One Atlantic hurricane, Hurricane Joan, crossed into this basin and was renamed Miriam,[45] giving it a total lifespan of 22 days,[46] but not all of that was in the Pacific. 1993's Greg formed from the remnants of 1993's Tropical Storm Bret.[45] Its time as an Atlantic system is excluded.

All of these systems except Trudy, Olaf, and Connie existed in both the east and central Pacific, and all except Olaf were hurricanes. Hurricane Trudy of 1990 is thus the longest lived eastern Pacific hurricane to stay in the eastern Pacific. Tropical Storm Olaf of 1997 is hence the longest-lived eastern Pacific tropical cyclone not to reach hurricane intensity.[35]

No known tropical cyclone forming in the central north Pacific lasted for longer than 14 days without crossing into another basin.[35] The tropical cyclone forming in the central Pacific that spent the most time there was 1988's Hurricane Uleki at 11.5 days from formation to crossing the dateline.[47]

Hurricane Tina
Hurricane Tina
Duration (days) Name Season
24.50 Tina 1992
20.00 Fico 1978
19.00 John 1994
17.50 Kevin 1991
16.75 Trudy 1990
16.50 Guillermo 1997
16.50 Olaf 1997
16.25 Kenneth 2005
16.25 Celeste 1972
16.25 Doreen 1973
16.00 Daniel 1982
15.25 Connie 1974
14.50 Kay 1980
14.00 Greg 1993
14.00 Dora 1999
Source:[35]

Before the weather satellite era began, the lifespans of many Pacific hurricanes may be underestimated.[32]

[edit] Intensity records

[edit] Ten most intense

Hurricane Linda, the most intense Pacific hurricane on record
Hurricane Linda, the most intense Pacific hurricane on record

The apparent increase in recent seasons is spurious; it is due to better estimation and measurement, not an increase in intense storms. That is, until 1988, Pacific hurricanes generally did not have their central pressures measured or estimated from satellite imagery.

Rank Hurricane Year Pressure
1 Linda 1997 902 mbar*
2 Kenna 2002 913 mbar‡
3 Ava 1973 915 mbar†
Ioke 2006 915 mbar*~
5 Guillermo 1997 919 mbar*
6 Gilma 1994 920 mbar*
7 Elida 2002 921 mbar*
Hernan 2002 921 mbar*
9 Olivia 1994 923 mbar*
Juliette 2001 923 mbar†

* Estimated from satellite imagery

‡ Measured and adjusted

† Measured

~ Pressure while East of the International Dateline

[edit] Strongest landfalls

Most intense landfalling Pacific hurricanes
Intensity is measured solely by central pressure
Rank Hurricane Season Landfall pressure
1 Iniki 1992 945 mbar (hPa)
2 Kenna 2002 950 mbar (hPa)
3 Lane 2006 954 mbar (hPa)
4 Unnamed 1959 958 mbar (hPa)
John 2006 958 mbar (hPa)
6 Kiko 1989 960 mbar (hPa)
Pauline 1997 960 mbar (hPa)
8 Virgil 1992 965 mbar (hPa)
9 Marty 2003 970 mbar (hPa)
10 Calvin 1993 973 mbar (hPa)
Alma 1996 973 mbar (hPa)
Source: Eastern North Pacific Tracks File 1949-2006

The following is by the strongest landfalls by wind speed:

  1. 1959 Mexico hurricane in 1959[4]
  2. Hurricane Madeline in 1976[48]
  3. Hurricane Kenna in 2002[48]
1976's Hurricane Madeline is the Pacific hurricane with the second-highest winds at landfall
1976's Hurricane Madeline is the Pacific hurricane with the second-highest winds at landfall

[edit] Category 5s

See also: List of Category 5 Pacific hurricanes
Category 5 Pacific hurricanes
Name Season Name Season
Patsy 1959 "Mexico" 1959
Ava 1973 Emilia 1994
Gilma 1994 John 1994
Guillermo 1997 Linda 1997
Elida 2002 Hernan 2002
Kenna 2002 Ioke 2006
Main article: List of Category 5 Pacific hurricanes

Becoming a Category 5 (sustained windspeeds greater than 155 mph) is achieved regularly in the Western Pacific but is rare in the Atlantic and Eastern Pacific. Since 1959, only 12 Pacific hurricanes are known to have reached Category 5 and only one made landfall while at this intensity. Category 5 hurricanes in the Eastern Pacific generally form only during El Niño years, causing a clumping of Category 5 storms in single years. Only twice, in 1973 and 2006, did a lone Category 5 form. Interestingly, Hurricane Ava, became a Category 5 hurricane during a La Niña year, when the Eastern Pacific is usually quiet.

It is possible that additional Category 5's formed before the satellite era began, but were missed because no one was around to report them.

The Central Pacific Hurricane Center and the National Hurricane Center disagree on the windspeeds of Emilia. The CPHC considers Emilia to have had a peak windspeed of 140 knots, which qualifies it as a Category 5.[49] The NHC contradicts. In both its own report on Emilia[50] and in its official "best track" file[35] only gives Emilia a maximum sustained wind of 135 knots, which is a high-end Category 4.

[edit] Strongest storm in each month

[edit] Eastern

Hurricane Kenna is the strongest October tropical cyclone in the eastern Pacific proper
Hurricane Kenna is the strongest October tropical cyclone in the eastern Pacific proper

Hurricane season runs from May 15 to November 30 in the north Pacific Ocean east of 140°W.[40]

Month Name Year Minimum pressure
January never n/a n/a mb (hPa)
February Unnamed† 1922 unknown mb (hPa)[39]
March never n/a n/a mb (hPa)
April never n/a n/a mb (hPa)
May Adolph 2001 940 mb (hPa)
June Ava 1973 ≤915 mb (hPa)
July Gilma 1994 ≤920 mb (hPa)
August Guillermo 1997 919 mb (hPa)
September Linda 1997 902 mb (hPa)
October Kenna 2002 913 mb (hPa)
November Unnamed 1925 953 mb (hPa)[41]
December Winnie 1983 unknown
Source (except where another is given):[35]

† This tropical cyclone is the strongest to form in its month by virture of its being the only known system.

[edit] Central

Hurricane Ioke, the most intense hurricane in the central north Pacific ever recorded
Hurricane Ioke, the most intense hurricane in the central north Pacific ever recorded

Hurricane season runs from June 1 to November 30 in the north Pacific Ocean between 140°W and the international date line.[40]

Month Name Year Minimum pressure
January Ekeka 1992 unknown‡ mb (hPa)
February Ekeka† 1992 unknown‡ mb (hPa)
March Hali† 1992 unknown mb (hPa)
April Carmen†* 1980 unknown‡ mb (hPa)[51]
May Unnamed† 1906 unknown mb (hPa)[43]
June Barbara† 2001 1006 mb (hPa)
July Emilia 1994 926 mb (hPa)
August Ioke 2006 915‡ mb (hPa)
September Iniki 1992 938 mb (hPa)
October Susan 1978 954 mb (hPa)
November Huko 2002 980‡ mb (hPa)
December Paka 1997 unknown‡ mb (hPa)
Source (except where another is given):[35]

† These tropical cyclones are the strongest to form in their months by virture of their being the only known systems.

* Tropical Storm Carmen formed west of the dateline before entering the central Pacific.

‡ Pressure while east of the dateline.

[edit] Extremes of location

[edit] Crossover storms

[edit] Eastern Pacific to Atlantic

This includes only systems which stayed a tropical cyclone during the passage or that maintained a circulation during the crossover.

Season Storm (Pacific) Storm (Atlantic)
1842 Unnamed Unnamed[52]
1902 Unnamed tropical depression Unnamed[53]
1923 Unnamed Unnamed[54]
1949 Unnamed Unnamed[45]
1961 Simone Inga (see below)[55]
1965 Unnamed tropical depression Unnamed[56]
1989 Cosme Allison[45]

In addition to those, there are apparently two additional ones. One existed before 1856 and made it to the Gulf of Mexico.[57] Another Pacific tropical cyclone crossed over central Mexico and also made it to the Gulf sometime after September 9, 1924.[57]

With reanalysis, doubt has arisen over whether Tropical Storm Simone, the renamed Hurricane Hattie, recrossed the North American continent and actually became Tropical Storm Inga.[55]

It used to be that when a Pacific named storm crossed North America and made it to the Atlantic (or vice versa), it would receive the next name on the respective basin's list. This policy has since been changed to a tropical cyclone keeping its name if it remains a tropical cyclone during the entire passage. Only if it dissipates and then re-forms does it get renamed.[58]

[edit] Eastern Pacific to Western Pacific

2003's Hurricane Jimena existed in all three north Pacific tropical cyclone basins
2003's Hurricane Jimena existed in all three north Pacific tropical cyclone basins

Tropical cyclones passing 140°W are routine events and not notable; the last year that did not happen was 1996.[59] However, very few eastern Pacific proper cyclones that enter the central Pacific make it to the dateline.

Name Season
Georgette† 1986[60]
Enrique† 1991[61]
John 1994[62]
Dora 1999[63]
Jimena 2003[64]

† System ceased to be a tropical cyclone before crossing the dateline and subsequently reforming.

[edit] Central Pacific to western Pacific

Tropical cyclones that cross from the eastern Pacific to the western Pacific must by definition pass through the central Pacific. This section excludes tropical cyclones that formed east of 140°W and made it to the dateline; only ones that formed in the central north Pacific are listed here.

Typhoon Ele was Hurricane Ele before it crossed the dateline
Typhoon Ele was Hurricane Ele before it crossed the dateline
Name Season
Unnamed 1904[43]
Unnamed 1906[43]
Della 1957[65]
Sarah 1967[66]
Ruby 1972[67]
Two-C 1983[68]
Two-C/Skip 1985[69]
Peke 1987[70]
Uleki 1988[71]
Aka 1990[72]
Ekeka 1992[17]
Keoni 1993[73]
Li 1994[49]
Oliwa 1997[74]
Paka 1997[74]
Ele 2002[75]
Huko 2002[75]
Ioke 2006[76]

Tropical Storm Upana and Tropical Storm Chanchu are an unofficial dateline crosser. The official policy for Pacific Ocean tropical cyclones is that they keep their name when they cross basin boundaries. Hence, Tropical Storm Upana and Tropical Storm Chanchu are not "officially" the same cyclone; however, a number of meteorologists believe that they are the same system, with Upana's remnants crossing the dateline and reforming in the western Pacific, explaining the renaming.[77]

[edit] Central Pacific to eastern Pacific

The 2006 central Pacific cyclone
The 2006 central Pacific cyclone

Tropical cyclones crossing from the eastern Pacific to the central Pacific are routine; ones going the other way are not. That event has happened twice.

Name Season
Unnamed 1975[35]
Ema 1982[35]

In addition, an unofficial cyclone formed on October 30, 2006 in the central Pacific subtropics. It eventually developed an eye-like structure[78] Its track data indicates that it crossed from the central to the east Pacific because it formed at longitude 149°W and dissipated at 135°W.[79] NASA, which is not a meteorological organization, called this system a subtropical cyclone, and the Naval Research Laboratory Monterey had enough interest in it to call it 91C.[78] The system has also been called extratropical.[80] This cyclone is unofficial because it is not included in the seasonal reports of either Regional Specialized Meteorological Center.[76][81]

[edit] Extreme latitudes and longitudes

The unnamed hurricane of 1975
The unnamed hurricane of 1975

The easternmost formation of any eastern Pacific tropical cyclone is 1993's Hurricane Greg, which started out as Tropical Storm Bret in the Atlantic and formed at 40°W.[46] If systems that were not continuously a tropical cyclone are excluded, the easternmost east Pacific tropical cyclone is 1972's Hurricane Olivia, which was originally the Atlantic's Hurricane Irene, which formed at 48°W.[46] Excluding cyclones that crossed in from the Atlantic, the easternmost formation in the eastern north Pacific is 2008's Tropical Storm Alma, which formed near 86.5ºW.[35]

The westernmost formation is of Tropical Depression 17W, which formed west of 177°E, before crossing the dateline.[82] Excluding western Pacific systems that cross the dateline, the westernmost formation is Tropical Storm Moke, which formed at 178°W.[35]

The southernmost formation is of Tropical Depression One-C, which later became Hurricane Ekeka. One-C formed at 5°N.[35]

The northernmost formation is Tropical Storm Wene, which formed in the western Pacific at 32°N before crossing the dateline.[83] Excluding dateline crossers, the northernmost formation is of an Unnamed Hurricane in the 1975 season, which formed at 31°N.[35] Both of these latitudes are south of where that unofficial cyclone, the 2006 central Pacific cyclone formed, which was 36°N.[79]

The easternmost longitude a northeastern Pacific tropical cyclone has reached is 84°W. That was the longitude where an unnamed tropical depression went extratropical after crossing into the Atlantic and becoming a tropical storm.[46] Excluding systems that cross into the Atlantic, the easternmost longitude attained by a tropical cyclone in the Pacific Ocean was slightly east of 87°W, by Tropical Depression Adrian.[35]

The westernmost longitude a northeastern Pacific tropical cyclone has attained is 130°E, by Typhoon Oliwa after it crossed the dateline. If it is required that eastern Pacific tropical cyclones stay in the eastern Pacific, the westernmost a tropical cyclone has reached is 179°W, by Hurricane Dot.[35]

The southernmost an eastern north Pacific tropical cyclone has reached is 4°N, by the pre-Ekeka depression.[35]

The northernmost tropical cyclone in the eastern north Pacific is the unnamed hurricane of 1975. It ceased being a tropical cyclone at 54°N.[35]

[edit] Unusual landfall locations

[edit] California

See also: List of California hurricanes

[edit] Hawaii

See also: List of Hawaii hurricanes
Hurricane Iniki over Hawaii
Hurricane Iniki over Hawaii

[edit] Central America

[edit] Wettest tropical cyclones

See also: list of wettest tropical cyclones by country

All of these values are point maxima.

[edit] Mexico

See also: Mexico tropical cyclone rainfall climatology
Rainfall data from 2001's Hurricane Juliette
Rainfall data from 2001's Hurricane Juliette
Precipitation Name Season Measuring
Station
Rank Inches Millimeters
1 39.80 1011 Juliette 2001 Cuadano/Santiago[98]
2 27.01 686.0 Pauline 1997 San Luis Acatlan[99]
3 24.73 628.1 Odile 1984 Costa Azul/Acapulco[100]
4 24.02 610.1 Isis 1998 Caduano/Santiago[101]
5 22.44 570.0 Flossie 2001 Suchixtlahuaca[102]
6 22.32 566.9 Greg 1999 Tecoman[103]
7 20.94 531.9 Nora 1997 La Cruz/Elota[104]
8 20.68 525.3 Eugene 1987 Aquila[105]
9 20.59 523.0 Lidia 1981 El Varonjal/Badiraguato[106]
10 19.69 500.1 Ignacio 2003 Yeneca/Los Cabos[107]

[edit] Hawaii

See also: United States tropical cyclone rainfall climatology
Tropical Storm Paul
Tropical Storm Paul
Precipitation Name Season Measuring
Station
Rank Inches Millimeters
1 52.00 1321 Hiki 1950 Kanalohuluhulu Ranger Station[108]
2 38.76 984.5 Paul 2000 Kapapala Ranch[109]
3 25.00 635.0 Maggie 1970 Unavailable[110]
4 20.42 518.7 Nina 1957 Unavailable[65]
5 20.33 516.4 Iwa 1982 Intake Wainiha 1086[108]
6 18.75 476.3 Fabio 1988 Papaikou Mauka 140.1[108]
7 15.00 381.0 TD One-C 1994 Unavailable[49]
8 12.70 322.6 Unnamed 1906 Unavailable[43]
9 12.00 304.8 Diana 1972 Unavailable[67]
12.00 304.8 B 1967 Unavailable[66]
12.00 304.8 Kenneth 2005 Unavailable[111]

[edit] Continental United States

See also: United States tropical cyclone rainfall climatology
Radar image of Hurricane Nora
Radar image of Hurricane Nora
Precipitation Name Season Measuring
Station
Rank Inches Millimeters
1 21.01 533.7 Norma 1981 Breckenridge, Texas[112]
2 16.95 430.5 Tico 1983 Chickasha, Oklahoma[113]
3 14.76 374.9 Kathleen 1976 San Gorgonio, California[114]
4 13.80 350.5 Roslyn 1986 Matagorda Texas #2[115]
5 12.01 305.1 Nora 1997 Harquahala Mountains[104]
6 12.00 304.8 Octave 1983 Mount Graham[116]
7 11.92 302.8 Norma 1970 Workman Creek[117]
8 11.60 294.6 Unnamed 1939 Mount Wilson[85]
9 11.35 288.3 Paine 1986 Fort Scott, Kansas[118]
10 8.53 216.7 Ismael 1995 Hobbs, New Mexico[119]

[edit] Overall

Hurricane Juliette
Hurricane Juliette
Precipitation Name Season Measuring
Station		 Location
Rank Inches Millimeters
1 52.00 1321 Hiki 1950 Unavailable Hawaii[43]
2 39.80 1011 Juliette 2001 Cuadano/Santiago Mexico[98]
3 38.76 984.5 Paul 2000 Kapapala Ranch Hawaii[109]
4 27.01 686.0 Pauline 1997 San Luis Acatlan Mexico[99]
5 25.00 635.0 Maggie 1970 Unavailable Hawaii[110]
6 24.73 628.1 Odile 1984 Costa Azul/Acapulco Mexico[100]
7 24.02 610.1 Isis 1998 Caduano/Santiago Mexico[101]
8 22.44 570.0 Flossie 2001 Suchixtlahuaca Mexico[102]
9 22.32 566.9 Greg 1999 Tecoman Mexico[103]
10 21.01 533.7 Norma 1981 Breckenridge, Texas USA[112]

[edit] Worldwide cyclone records set by Pacific storms

[edit] See also

Tropical cyclones Portal

[edit] References

  1. ^ WMO Technical Document (DOC/HTML). World Meteorological Organization.
  2. ^ Christopher Landsea & Michael Chenoweth (November 2004). The San Diego Hurricane of 2 October 1858. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 1689-98. American Meteorological Society. Retrieved on 2007-11-24.
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