List of Kyoto Protocol signatories

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See also: Kyoto Protocol
Participation in the Kyoto Protocol, where dark green indicates countries that have signed and ratified the treaty, yellow is signed, but not yet ratified, grey is not yet decided and red is no intention of ratifying.
Participation in the Kyoto Protocol, where dark green indicates countries that have signed and ratified the treaty, yellow is signed, but not yet ratified, grey is not yet decided and red is no intention of ratifying.

As of April 2008, 178 states have signed and ratified the Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, aimed at combating global warming.

Contents

[edit] Signed and ratified

The count on the UNFCCC list[1][2] includes three extra parties:

  • Niue and Cook Islands are counted separately. These are self-governing islands, but are not independent from New Zealand.
  • In addition to its member states, the European Union is counted as a party to the Protocol.

Note: Signing is optional, indicating an intention to ratify the Protocol. Ratification means that an Annex I party (e.g. a developed country or one with an 'economy in transition') has agreed to cap emissions in accordance with the Protocol. 37 of the 39 Annex I parties have agreed to cap their emissions in this way, two others are required to do so under their conditions of accession into the EU, and one more intends to become an Annex I party.

Country UNFCCC annex % for ratification reduction commitment for 2012[3] Signed Ratification/Acceptance Notes
1 Flag of Fiji Fiji member 17 September 1998 17 September 1998
2 Flag of Antigua and Barbuda Antigua and Barbuda member 16 March 1998 3 November 1998
3 Flag of Tuvalu Tuvalu member 16 November 1998 16 November 1998
4 Flag of the Maldives Maldives member 16 March 1998 30 December 1998
5 Flag of Turkmenistan Turkmenistan member 28 September 1998 11 January 1999
6 Flag of Trinidad and Tobago Trinidad and Tobago member 7 January 1999 28 January 1999
7 Flag of Panama Panama member 8 June 1998 5 March 1999
8 Flag of the Bahamas Bahamas member 9 April 1999
9 Flag of Georgia (country) Georgia member 16 June 1999
10 Flag of the Federated States of Micronesia Federated States of Micronesia member 17 March 1998 21 June 1999
11 Flag of Jamaica Jamaica member 28 June 1999
12 Flag of Cyprus Cyprus member 16 July 1999 -[4]
13 Flag of Paraguay Paraguay member 25 August 1998 27 August 1999
14 Flag of Guatemala Guatemala member 10 July 1998 5 October 1999
15 Flag of Uzbekistan Uzbekistan member 20 November 1998 12 October 1999
16 Flag of Nicaragua Nicaragua member 7 July 1998 18 November 1999
17 Flag of Bolivia Bolivia member 29 July 1998 30 November 1999
18 Flag of Palau Palau member 10 December 1999
19 Flag of Mongolia Mongolia member 15 December 1999
20 Flag of Ecuador Ecuador member 15 January 1999 13 January 2000
21 Flag of El Salvador El Salvador member 8 June 1998 13 January 2000
22 Flag of Honduras Honduras member 25 February 1999 19 July 2000
23 Flag of Barbados Barbados member 7 August 2000
24 Flag of Equatorial Guinea Equatorial Guinea member 16 August 2000
25 Flag of Lesotho Lesotho member 6 September 2000
26 Flag of Guinea Guinea member 7 September 2000
27 Flag of Kiribati Kiribati member 7 September 2000
28 Flag of Mexico Mexico member 9 June 1998 7 September 2000
29 Flag of Azerbaijan Azerbaijan member 28 September 2000
30 Flag of Samoa Samoa member 16 March 1998 27 November 2000
31 Flag of Uruguay Uruguay member 29 July 1998 5 February 2001
32 Flag of Romania Romania member I 1.24% -8%[5] 5 January 1999 19 March 2001
33 Flag of Mauritius Mauritius member 9 May 2001
34 Flag of The Gambia Gambia member 1 June 2001
35 Flag of Vanuatu Vanuatu member 17 July 2001
36 Flag of Senegal Senegal member 20 July 2001
37 Flag of Nauru Nauru member 16 August 2001
38 Flag of Argentina Argentina member 16 March 1998 28 September 2001
39 Flag of Burundi Burundi member 18 October 2001
40 Flag of Bangladesh Bangladesh member 22 October 2001
41 Flag of Malawi Malawi member 26 October 2001
42 Flag of Malta Malta member -[4] 17 April 1998 11 November 2001
43 Flag of the Czech Republic Czech Republic member I 1.24% -8%[5] 23 November 1998 15 November 2001
44 Flag of Colombia Colombia member 30 November 2001
45 Flag of Morocco Morocco member 25 January 2002
46 Flag of the Dominican Republic Dominican Republic member 12 February 2002
47 Flag of Benin Benin member 25 February 2002
48 Flag of Djibouti Djibouti member 12 March 2002
49 Flag of Uganda Uganda member 25 March 2002
50 Flag of Mali Mali member 27 January 1999 28 March 2002
51 Flag of Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea member 2 March 1999 28 March 2002
52 Flag of Cuba Cuba member 15 March 1999 30 April 2002
53 Flag of Iceland Iceland member I, II 0.02% +10%[6] 23 May 2002 55th entity (if counting with the Cook Islands and Niue), this fulfills the first condition for coming-into-force
54 Flag of Norway Norway member I, II 0.26% +1%[6] 29 April 1998 30 May 2002
-- Flag of Europe European Union member[7] I, II 31.68% -8%[5] 29 April 1998 31 May 2002 All ratifications of the then-EU-members are deposited simultaneously (see 55-70)
55 Flag of Austria Austria member I, II 0.4% -8% (-13%)[5] 24 September 1998 31 May 2002
56 Flag of Belgium Belgium member I, II 0.8% -8% (-7.5%)[5] 29 April 1998 31 May 2002
57 Flag of Denmark Denmark member I, II 0.4% -8% (-21%)[5] 29 April 1998 31 May 2002 Flag of Greenland Greenland: applied
Flag of the Faroe Islands Faroe Islands: not applied
58 Flag of Finland Finland member I, II 0.4% -8% (0%)[5][8] 29 April 1998 31 May 2002
59 Flag of France France member I, II 2.7% -8% (0%)[5][8] 29 April 1998 31 May 2002 Flag of French Guiana French Guiana, Flag of Guadeloupe Guadeloupe, Flag of Martinique Martinique, Flag of Réunion Réunion: applied
Flag of French Polynesia French Polynesia, Flag of New Caledonia New Caledonia, Flag of Wallis and Futuna Wallis and Futuna, Flag of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands French Southern and Antarctic Lands, Flag of Mayotte Mayotte, Flag of Saint Pierre and Miquelon Saint Pierre and Miquelon: not applied
60 Flag of Germany Germany member I, II 7.4% -8% (-21%)[5] 29 April 1998 31 May 2002
61 Flag of Greece Greece member I, II 0.6% -8% (+25%),[5][6] 29 April 1998 31 May 2002
62 Flag of Ireland Ireland member I, II 0.2% -8% (+13%),[5][6] 29 April 1998 31 May 2002
63 Flag of Italy Italy member I, II 3.1% -8% (-6.5%)[5] 29 April 1998 31 May 2002
64 Flag of Luxembourg Luxembourg member I, II 0.1% -8% (-28%)[5] 29 April 1998 31 May 2002
65 Flag of the Netherlands Netherlands member I, II 1.2% -8% (-6%)[5] 29 April 1998 31 May 2002 Flag of Aruba Aruba: not applied
Flag of the Netherlands Antilles Netherlands Antilles: not applied
66 Flag of Portugal Portugal member I, II 0.3% -8% (+27%),[5][6] 29 April 1998 31 May 2002
67 Flag of Spain Spain member I, II 1.9% -8% (+15%),[5][6] 29 April 1998 31 May 2002
68 Flag of Sweden Sweden member I, II 0.4% -8% (+4%),[5][6] 29 April 1998 31 May 2002
69 Flag of the United Kingdom United Kingdom member I, II 4.3% -8% (-12.5%)[5] 29 April 1998 31 May 2002
70 Flag of Slovakia Slovakia member I 0.42% -8%[5] 26 February 1998 31 May 2002
71 Flag of Japan Japan member I, II 8.55% -6% 28 April 1998 4 June 2002
72 Flag of Latvia Latvia member I 0.17% -8% 14 December 1998 5 July 2002
73 Flag of the Seychelles Seychelles member 20 March 1998 22 July 2002
74 Flag of South Africa South Africa member 31 July 2002
75 Flag of Slovenia Slovenia member I -[9] -8%[5] 21 October 1998 2 August 2002
76 Flag of Grenada Grenada member 6 August 2002
77 Flag of Costa Rica Costa Rica member 27 April 1998 9 August 2002
78 Flag of Bulgaria Bulgaria member I 0.6% -8%[5] 18 September 1998 15 August 2002
79 Flag of Hungary Hungary member I 0.52% -6%[5] 21 August 2002
80 Flag of Cambodia Cambodia member 22 August 2002
81 Flag of Brazil Brazil member 29 April 1998 23 August 2002
82 Flag of Bhutan Bhutan member 26 August 2002
83 Flag of Chile Chile member 17 June 1998 26 August 2002
84 Flag of India India member 26 August 2002
85 Flag of Tanzania Tanzania member 26 August 2002
86 Flag of Cameroon Cameroon member 28 August 2002
87 Flag of Thailand Thailand member 2 February 1999 28 August 2002
88 Flag of the People's Republic of China China member 29 May 1998 30 August 2002 Flag of Hong Kong Hong Kong: applied since April 8, 2003
Flag of Macau Macau: not applied
89 Flag of Sri Lanka Sri Lanka member 3 September 2002
90 Flag of Malaysia Malaysia member 12 March 1999 4 September 2002
91 Flag of Peru Peru member 13 November 1998 12 September 2002
92 Flag of Vietnam Vietnam member 3 December 1998 25 September 2002
93 Flag of Estonia Estonia member I 0.28% -8%[5] 3 December 1998 14 October 2002
94 Flag of Liberia Liberia member 5 November 2002
95 Flag of South Korea South Korea member 25 September 1998 8 November 2002
96 Flag of Poland Poland member I 3.02% -6%[5] 15 July 1998 13 December 2002
97 Flag of Canada Canada member I, II 3.33% -6% 29 April 1998 17 December 2002
98 Flag of New Zealand New Zealand member[10] I, II 0.19% 0%[8] 22 May 1998 19 December 2002 Flag of Niue Niue: signed 8 December 1998, ratified 6 May 1999
Flag of the Cook Islands Cook Islands: signed 16 September 1998, ratified 27 August 2001
Flag of Tokelau Tokelau: not applied
99 Flag of Lithuania Lithuania member I -[9] -8%[5] 21 September 1998 3 January 2003
100 Flag of Jordan Jordan member 17 January 2003
101 Flag of Tunisia Tunisia member 22 January 2003
102 Flag of Laos Laos member 6 February 2003
103 Flag of the Solomon Islands Solomon Islands member 29 September 1998 13 March 2003
104 Flag of Moldova Moldova member 22 April 2003
105 Flag of Armenia Armenia member 25 April 2003
106 Flag of Kyrgyzstan Kyrgyzstan member 13 May 2003
107 Flag of Ghana Ghana member 30 May 2003
108 Flag of Switzerland Switzerland member I, II 0.32% -8% 16 March 1998 9 July 2003
109 Flag of Guyana Guyana member 5 August 2003
110 Flag of Botswana Botswana member 8 August 2003
111 Flag of the Marshall Islands Marshall Islands member 17 March 1998 11 August 2003
112 Flag of Burma Burma member 13 August 2003
113 Flag of Saint Lucia Saint Lucia member 16 March 1998 20 August 2003
114 Flag of Namibia Namibia member 4 September 2003
115 Flag of Madagascar Madagascar member 24 September 2003
116 Flag of Belize Belize member 26 September 2003
117 Flag of the Philippines Philippines member 15 April 1998 20 November 2003
118 Flag of Israel Israel member 16 December 1998 15 March 2004
119 Flag of Ukraine Ukraine member I -[9] 0%[8] 15 March 1999 12 April 2004
120 Flag of Togo Togo member 2 July 2004
121 Flag of Rwanda Rwanda member 22 July 2004
122 Flag of Yemen Yemen member 15 September 2004
123 Flag of Niger Niger member 23 October 1998 30 September 2004
124 Flag of Sudan Sudan member 2 November 2004
125 Flag of Russia Russia member I 17.4% 0%[8] 11 March 1999 18 November 2004 With Russia's ratification the "55 percent of 1990 carbon dioxide emissions of the Parties included in Annex I" clause was satisfied and the treaty brought into force, effective 16 February 2005.
126 Flag of the Republic of Macedonia Republic of Macedonia member 18 November 2004
127 Flag of Indonesia Indonesia member 13 July 1998 3 December 2004
128 Flag of Liechtenstein Liechtenstein member I 0.0015% -8% 29 June 1998 3 December 2004
129 Flag of Nigeria Nigeria member 10 December 2004
130 Flag of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Saint Vincent and the Grenadines member 19 March 1998 31 December 2004
131 Flag of Pakistan Pakistan member 11 January 2005
132 Flag of Qatar Qatar member 11 January 2005
133 Flag of Egypt Egypt member 15 March 1999 12 January 2005
134 Flag of Mozambique Mozambique member 18 January 2005
135 Flag of Oman Oman member 19 January 2005
136 Flag of Dominica Dominica member 25 January 2005
137 Flag of the United Arab Emirates United Arab Emirates member 26 January 2005
138 Flag of Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia member 31 January 2005
139 Flag of Algeria Algeria member 16 February 2005
140 Flag of Venezuela Venezuela member 18 February 2005
141 Flag of Kenya Kenya member 25 February 2005
142 Flag of Kuwait Kuwait member 11 March 2005
143 Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo Democratic Republic of the Congo member 23 March 2005
144 Flag of Burkina Faso Burkina Faso member 31 March 2005
145 Flag of Albania Albania member 1 April 2005
146 Flag of Ethiopia Ethiopia member 14 April 2005
147 Flag of North Korea North Korea member 27 April 2005
148 Flag of Haiti Haiti member 6 July 2005
149 Flag of Mauritania Mauritania member 22 July 2005
150 Flag of Eritrea Eritrea member 28 July 2005
151 Flag of Iran Iran member 22 August 2005
152 Flag of Belarus Belarus member I -[9] none yet[11] 26 August 2005
153 Flag of Nepal Nepal member 16 September 2005
154 Flag of Guinea-Bissau Guinea-Bissau member 18 November 2005
155 Flag of Swaziland Swaziland member 13 January 2006
156 Flag of Syria Syria member 27 January 2006
157 Flag of Bahrain Bahrain member 31 January 2006
158 Flag of Cape Verde Cape Verde member 10 February 2006
159 Flag of Monaco Monaco member I 0.0015% -8% 29 April 1998 27 February 2006
160 Flag of Singapore Singapore member 12 April 2006
161 Flag of Zambia Zambia member August 5, 1998 July 7, 2006
162 Flag of Libya Libya member August 24, 2006
163 Flag of Suriname Suriname member September 25, 2006
164 Flag of Sierra Leone Sierra Leone member November 10, 2006
165 Flag of Lebanon Lebanon member November 13, 2006
166 Flag of Gabon Gabon member December 12, 2006
167 Flag of the Republic of the Congo Congo member February 12, 2007
168 Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina member April 16, 2007
169 Flag of Côte d'Ivoire Côte d'Ivoire member April 23, 2007
170 Flag of Croatia Croatia member I -[9] -5% March 11, 1999 April 27, 2007
171 Flag of Angola Angola member May 8, 2007
172 Flag of Montenegro Montenegro member June 4, 2007
173 Flag of Serbia Serbia member September 24, 2007
174 Flag of Australia Australia member I, II 2.1% +8%[6] April 29, 1998 December 3, 2007
175 Flag of Tonga Tonga member January 14, 2008
176 Flag of the Central African Republic Central African Republic member March 18, 2008
177 Flag of Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Kitts and Nevis member April 8, 2008
178 Flag of the Comoros Comoros member April 10, 2008
total countries: 178 members: 178
observers: 0		 I: 37
II: 21		 32 -%: 31 (24)
0%: 3 (5)
+%: 2 (7)

[edit] Signed but not yet ratified

Country UNFCCC annex % for ratification reduction target 2008/12 Signed Ratification/Acceptance Notes
Flag of Kazakhstan Kazakhstan member [12] -[13] none yet[14] March 12, 1999
total countries: members: 1
observers: 0

[edit] Not intending to ratify

Country UNFCCC annex % for ratification reduction target 2008/12 Signed Ratification/Acceptance Notes
Flag of the United States United States member I, II 36.1% -7% Never signed Federal government has not ratified
total countries: members: 1
observers: 0		 I: 1
II: 1		 1 -%: 1
0%: 0
+%: 0

[edit] No position expressed yet

Entity UNFCCC annex % for ratification reduction target 2008/12 Signed Ratification/Acceptance Notes
1 Flag of Afghanistan Afghanistan member
2 Flag of Andorra Andorra observer
3 Flag of Brunei Brunei member
4 Flag of Chad Chad member
5 Flag of Iraq Iraq observer
6 Palestinian flag Palestinian Authority
7 Flag of Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
8 Flag of San Marino San Marino member
9 Flag of São Tomé and Príncipe São Tomé and Príncipe member
10 Flag of Somalia Somalia observer
11 Flag of the Republic of China Republic of China (Taiwan)
12 Flag of Tajikistan Tajikistan member
13 Flag of East Timor Timor-Leste member
14 Flag of Turkey Turkey member I, -[15] -[9] none yet[11] June 4, 2008 [16]
15 Flag of the Vatican City Vatican City observer
16 Flag of Zimbabwe Zimbabwe member
total entities: 16 members: 9
observers: 4
none: 3		 I: 1
II: 0

[edit] References

  1. ^ Kyoto Protocol Status of Ratification (pdf). Retrieved on October 12, 2006.
  2. ^ Status of Ratification. UNFCCC's Kyoto Protocol Background. Retrieved on April 30, 2008.
  3. ^ As per Kyoto protocol annex B [1]
  4. ^ a b Cyprus and Malta become EU members after the signature of the Kyoto protocol, but have not yet changed their status to become annex I/II/B states and thus have no commitment for emissions reduction. However, as EU members they are obliged to participate in the EU ETS
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y The EU15 has a total aggregate figure -8% for reduction; emissions will be pooled among member states trough internal EU reduction assignments mentioned in the brackets (thus increases in some member states are compensated by bigger reductions in others). The 12 member states that entered the union later - in 2004 and 2007 retain their individual Kyoto targets ranging from none for non-annex Cyprus and Malta to -8%. [2]
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h increase allowed
  7. ^ The EU member states are also members of the UNFCCC on their own.
  8. ^ a b c d e Neither reduction required, nor increase allowed - emissions should stay at their 1990 level.
  9. ^ a b c d e f For some reason despite being annex-I states some countries' emissions are not calculated into the total percentage for entry into force of the Kyoto protocol.
  10. ^ New Zealand's territories of the Cook Islands and Niue are also members of the UNFCCC on their own.
  11. ^ a b Annex I countries that were not parties to the UNFCCC at the time of signing of the Kyoto protocol have no reduction targets assigned.
  12. ^ Kazakhstan has declared that it wants to become annex I state after its ratification of the protocol. Its reduction target under annex B is thus not yet determined.
  13. ^ At the time of signing of the Kyoto protocol Kazakhstan was not annex I state, that's why its emissions are not calculated in the figure for the ratification.
  14. ^ To be determined when Kazakhstan becomes annex I state
  15. ^ Turkey was removed from the annex II list in 2001 at its request its economy to be recognised as a transition one
  16. ^ (English)Turkish Daily News "Political concerns shadow environment protection in Kyoto move" (Turkish)Ntvmsnbc.com "Şimdi KYOTO zamanı (English translation:It's time for Kyoto)"