List of Hungarian rulers
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This is a list of all rulers of Hungary since Árpád.
See Heads of state of Hungary for a list of post-1918 presidents.
[edit] Rise of a Hungarian state (895–1000) and the Kingdom of Hungary (1000–1918)
| Affiliation | Ruler | Reigns of rulers | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| Árpáds | Álmos | c.858-c.895 | Álmos was the first Hungarian leader, father of Árpád. He strengthened the alliance between the other six proto-Magyar tribal leaders. |
| Árpáds | Árpád | c.895–c.907 | Árpád is said to have led the proto-Magyars into Central Europe. According to the dual system of rulership (based on the similar Khazar rulership method), he was the actual ruler leader alongside of Kurszán as religious leader. |
| The rulers during the first half of the 10th century are very much disputed, as the Hungarian nation consisted of several tribes led by various leaders. Most frequently proposed are: | |||
| Szabolcs | c.907–? | ||
| Árpáds | Tarhos | c.907–c.922 | |
| Árpáds | Zoltán | c.907–c.947 | |
| Árpáds | Fajsz | c.947–c.955 | |
| Árpáds | Taksony | c.955–c.972 | |
| Árpáds | Géza | c.972–997 | son of Taksony |
| Árpáds | St. Stephen (Szent István) |
997–1038 | son of Géza, first king of Hungary (1000) |
| Dynastic struggle 1038–1046 | |||
| Urseolo | Peter Urseolo (Orseolo Péter) |
1038–1041 | grandson of Géza |
| Aba | Sámuel Aba | 1041–1044 | husband of Géza's daughter; leader of the Kabar tribe |
| Urseolo | Peter Urseolo | 1044–1046 | grandson of Géza |
| Vatha pagan rising 1046-1047 | |||
| Árpáds | Andrew I the White or the Catholic (András) | 1047–1061 | Árpád dynasty restored |
| Árpáds | Béla I (Béla) | 1061–1063 | brother of Andrew I |
| Árpáds | Solomon (Salamon) | 1063–1074 | son of Andrew I |
| Árpáds | Géza I | 1074–1077 | son of Béla I |
| Árpáds | St. Ladislaus (Szent László) | 1077–1095 | son of Béla I |
| Árpáds | Coloman (Könyves Kálmán) | 1095–1116 | son of Géza I. After multiple wars with Croatia crowned as King of Croatia, Slavonia and Dalmatia in 1112. |
| Árpáds | Stephen II | 1114–1131 | Son of Kálmán |
| Árpáds | Béla II the Blind (Vak Béla) | 1131–1141 | grandson of Géza I., son of Álmos, Kálmán's executed younger brother |
| Árpáds | Géza II | 1141–1161 | son of Béla II |
| Árpáds | Stephen III | 1161–1162 | son of Géza II |
| Árpáds | Ladislaus II | 1162–1163 | rebel anti-king, younger brother of Géza II. |
| Árpáds | Stephen IV | 1163 | rebel anti-king, younger brother of Géza II. |
| Árpáds | Stephen III (restored) | 1163–1172 | |
| Árpáds | Béla III | 1172–1196 | younger brother of Stephen III. |
| Árpáds | Emeric (Imre) | 1196–1204 | son of Béla III. |
| Árpáds | Ladislaus III | 1204–1205 | son of Imre, crowned and died as a child |
| Árpáds | Andrew II | 1205–1235 | brother of Imre |
| Árpáds | Béla IV | 1235–1270 | son of Andrew I., the "second founder" after the First Mongol invasion (1241-42) |
| Árpáds | Stephen V | 1270–1272 | son of Béla IV. |
| Árpáds | Ladislaus IV the Cuman (Kun László) | 1272–1290 | son of Steven V.; unsuccessful mongol invasion; lived with the nomad cuman tribes |
| Árpáds | Andrew III | 1290–1301 | grandosn of Andrew II., born in Venice last of the Árpád dynasty |
| Premyslid | Wenceslas of Bohemia (Vencel) | 1301–1305 | King of Bohemia, elected as King of Hungary but not universally recognized |
| Wittelsbach | Otto of Bavaria (Ottó) or Béla V |
1305–1308 | Duke of Lower Bavaria, was not universally recognized |
| Angevin | Charles Robert I (Károly Róbert) |
1308–1342 | established the Angevin dynasty in Hungary. |
| Angevin | Louis I the Great (Nagy Lajos) |
1342–1382 | also King of Poland |
| Angevin | Mary (Mária) | 1382–1395 | married Sigismund of Luxemburg |
| Angevin | Charles II | 1385–1386 | also King of Naples, in opposition to Mary |
| Luxemburg | Sigismund (Zsigmond) | 1387–1437 | later also Roman-German King (since 1410), King of Bohemia (since 1419), Holy Roman Emperor (since 1433) |
| Habsburg | Albert | 1437–1439 | son-in-law Sigismund, also Roman-German King, King of Bohemia, Duke of Austria |
| Kingship disputed between Ulászló I and Ladislaus Posthumus | |||
| Jagiellon | Ulászló I | 1440–1444 | also King of Poland |
| Habsburg | Ladislaus V Posthumus | 1440–1457 | born in 1440 after his father's death, spent most of his life in captivity. |
| Hunyadi | János Hunyadi | 1446–1453 | ruled as regent. Fought with great success against the Ottomans |
| Hunyadi | Matthias Corvinus (Corvin Mátyás) | 1458-1490 | son of János Hunyadi, also King of Bohemia |
| Jagiellon | Ulászló II | 1490–1516 | also King of Bohemia |
| Jagiellon | Louis II | 1516–1526 | also King of Bohemia; killed in the Battle of Mohács |
| Kingship disputed between Ferdinand of Austria and John Zápolya during the Ottoman invasion | |||
| Habsburg | Ferdinand I (Ferdinánd) | 1526–1564 | also Roman-German King and later Holy Roman Emperor, claimed the throne as brother-in-law of Louis II. |
| Szapolyai | John I Zápolya (Szapolyai János) |
1526–1540 | claimed the throne with support of Hungarian nobles and later the Ottoman Sultan. |
| Szapolyai | John II Sigismund Zápolya (Szapolyai János Zsigmond) | 1540-1570 | son of John Zápolya, electus rex Hungariae, first under the guardianship of his mother Isabella Jagiełło and Frater György, renounced his royal claim in 1570 in favour of Maximilian, but remained Prince of Transylvania and parts of Hungary until his death in 1571. |
| Hungary was effectively split into three parts: the domain of the Habsburg Kings in the north and west ("Royal Hungary"), Ottoman Hungary in the south, and the Principality of Transylvania in the east. The following, until 1699, gives the rulers of "Royal Hungary". | |||
| Habsburg | Maximilian (I. Miksa) | 1563–1576 | |
| Habsburg | Rudolf I | 1572–1608 | |
| Habsburg | Matthias II (II. Mátyás) | 1608–1619 | |
| Habsburg | Ferdinand II | 1618–1637 | |
| Habsburg | Ferdinand III | 1625–1657 | |
| Habsburg | Ferdinand IV | 1647–1654 | |
| Habsburg | Leopold I (I. Lipót) | 1655–1705 | Habsburgs began colonization of Serbs (1690) and Germans (1682–1699) in Southern Hungary. |
| Hungary reunited under Habsburg rule after the Great Turkish War in 1699. | |||
| Habsburg | Joseph I (I. József) | 1687–1711 | |
| Habsburg | Charles III (III. Károly) | 1711–1740 | Large scale German settlements in Hungary begin (1720–1800). |
| Habsburg | Maria Theresa (Mária Terézia) |
1740–1780 | Enjoyed broad support of Hungarian nobles; |
| Habsburg | Joseph II (II. József) | 1780–1790 | |
| Habsburg | Leopold II (II. Lipót) | 1790-1792 | |
| Habsburg | Francis I (I. Ferenc) | 1792–1835 | |
| Habsburg | Ferdinánd V (V. Ferdinánd) |
1835–1848 | |
| Habsburg | Francis Joseph (Ferenc József) |
1848–1916 | dethroned in 1848 but later regained the rule with Russian help in 1849, crowned in 1867. |
| Habsburg | Charles IV (IV. Károly) | 1916–1918 | Last King of Hungary, twice unsuccessfully tried to regain the throne in 1921. |
