List of HVDC projects

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The following is a list of notable high voltage direct current power transmission projects.

Contents

[edit] Realized HVDC systems

[edit] Systems that use (or used) mercury arc rectifiers

Name Converter Station 1 Converter Station 2 Length of Cable Length of overhead line Voltage Transmission power Inauguration Remarks
Elbe-Project Dessau, Germany Berlin-Marienfelde, Germany 100 km - +-200kV 60 MW 1945 never placed in service, dismantled
Moscow-Kashira Moscow, Russia Kashira, Russia 100 km - 200 kV 30 MW 1951 built of parts of HVDC Elbe-Project, shut down (when?)
Gotland 1 Västervik, Sweden Ygne, Sweden 98 km - 200 kV 20 MW 1954 shut down in February 1986
HVDC Cross-Channel Echingen, France Lydd, UK 64 km - +-100kV 160 MW 1961 shut down in 1984
Konti-Skan 1 Vester Hassing, Denmark Stenkullen, Sweden 87 km 89 km 250 kV 250 MW 1964 replaced in August 2006 by modern converters using thyristors
HVDC Volgograd-Donbass Volzhskaya, Russia Mikhailovskaya, Russia - 475 km +-400kV 750 MW 1964  
HVDC Inter-Island Benmore Dam, New Zealand Haywards, New Zealand 40 km 570 km +270kV -350kV 1200 MW 1965 upgraded in 1991. Pole 1 of this system still uses mercury arc rectifiers, one of the last such systems in the world to continue with this technology. Pole 2 is thyristor bridge.
HVDC back-to-back station Sakuma Sakuma, Japan Sakuma, Japan - - +-125kV 300 MW 1965 replaced in 1993 by new converter using light-triggered thyristors
SACOI 1 Suvereto, Italia Lucciana, Corse; Codrongianos, Sardinia 304 km 118 km 200 kV 200 MW 1965 replaced in 1986 by thyristors, multiterminal scheme
HVDC Vancouver Island 1 Delta, British Columbia North Cowichan, British Columbia 42 km 33 km 260 kV 312 MW 1968  
Pacific DC Intertie Celilo, Oregon Sylmar, California - 1,362 km +-500kV 3100 MW 1970 transmission voltage until 1984 +-400kV, maximum transmission power until 1982 1440 MW, from 1982 to 1984 1600 MW, from 1984 to 1989 2000 MW, mercury arc rectifiers replaced in 2004 by photothyristors
Nelson River Bipole 1 Gillam, Canada Rosser, Manitoba - 895 km +-450kV 1620 MW 1971 Used the largest mercury arc rectifiers ever built. Poles converted to thyristors in 1993, 2004.
HVDC Kingsnorth Kingsnorth, UK London-Beddington, UK; London-Willesden, UK 85 km - +-266kV 640 MW 1975 shut down in the 1980s

[edit] Systems that used thyristors from first power-on

Name Converter Station 1 Converter Station 2 Length of Cable Length of overhead line Voltage Transmission power Inauguration Remarks
HVDC back-to-back station Eel River New Brunswick, Canada New Brunswick, Canada - - 80 kV 320 MW 1972  
Cross-Skagerak 1 + 2 Tjele, Denmark Kristiansand, Norway 130 km 100 km +-250kV 500 MW 1977  
HVDC Vancouver Island 2 Delta, British Columbia North Cowichan, British Columbia 33 km 42 km 280 kV 370 MW 1977  
Square Butte Center, North Dakota Arrowhead, Minnesota - 749 km +-250kV 500 MW 1977  
HVDC back-to-back station Shin Shinano Shin Shinano, Japan Shin Shinano, Japan - - +-125kV 600 MW 1977  
CU Coal Creek, North Dakota Dickinson, Minnesota - 710 km +-400 kV 1000 MW 1979  
HVDC Hokkaido-Honshu Hakodate, Japan Kamikita, Japan 44 km 149 km 250 kV 300 MW 1979  
Cahora Bassa (HVDC) Songo, Mozambique Apollo, South Africa - 1420 km +-533kV 1920 MW 1979  
Inga-Shaba Kolwezi, Zaire Inga, Zaire - 1700 km +-500kV 560 MW 1982  
HVDC back-to-back station Acaray Acaray, Paraguay Acaray, Paraguay - - 25,6 kV 50 MW 1981  
HVDC back-to-back station Vyborg Vyborg, Russia Vyborg, Russia - - +-85 kV 1065 MW 1982  
HVDC back-to-back station Dürnrohr Dürnrohr, Austria Dürnrohr, Austria - - 145 kV 550 MW 1983 shut down in October 1996
HVDC Gotland 2 Västervik, Sweden Yigne, Sweden 92.9 km 6.6 km 150 kV 130 MW 1983  
HVDC back-to-back station Artesia, New Mexico Artesia, New Mexico Artesia, New Mexico - - 82 kV 200 MW 1983  
HVDC back-to-back station Chateauguay Châteauguay — Saint-Constant Châteauguay — Saint-Constant - - 140 kV 1000 MW 1984  
HVDC Itaipu 1 Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná São Roque, São Paulo - 785 km +-600 kV 3150 MW 1984  
HVDC Itaipu 2 Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná São Roque, São Paulo - 805 km +-600 kV 3150 MW 1984  
HVDC back-to-back station Oklaunion Oklaunion Oklaunion - - 82 kV 200 MW 1984  
HVDC back-to-back station Blackwater, New Mexico Blackwater, New Mexico Blackwater, New Mexico - - 57 kV 200 MW 1984  
HVDC back-to-back station Highgate, Vermont Highgate, Vermont Highgate, Vermont - - 56 kV 200 MW 1985  
HVDC back-to-back station Madawaska, Quebec Degelis Degelis - - 140 kV 350 MW 1985  
HVDC back-to-back station Miles City Miles City Miles City - - +-82 kV 200 MW 1985  
Nelson River Bipole 2 Sundance, Canada Rosser, Canada - 937 km +-500 kV 1800 MW 1985  
HVDC Cross-Channel (new) Les Mandarins, France Sellindge, UK 72 km - +-270 kV 2000 MW 1986 2 bipolar systems
HVDC back-to-back station Broken Hill Broken Hill Broken Hill - - +-8.33 kV 40 MW 1986  
Intermountain Intermountain, Utah Adelanto, California - 785 km +-500 kV 1920 MW 1986  
HVDC back-to-back station Uruguaiana Uruguaiana, Brazil Uruguaiana, Brazil - - +-17.9 kV 53.9 MW 1986  
HVDC Gotland 3 Västervik, Sweden Yigne, Sweden 98 km - 150 kV 130 MW 1987  
HVDC back-to-back station Virginia Smith Sidney, Nebraska Sidney, Nebraska - - 55.5 kV 200 MW 1988  
Konti-Skan 2 Vester Hassing, Denmark Stenkullen, Sweden 87 km 60 km 285 kV 300 MW 1988  
HVDC back-to-back station Mc Neill Mc Neill, Canada Mc Neill, Canada - - 42 kV 150 MW 1989  
HVDC back-to-back station Vindhyachal Vindhyachal, India Vindhyachal, India - - 176 kV 500 MW 1989  
HVDC Sileru-Barsoor Sileru, India Barsoor, India - 196 km +-200 kV 400 MW 1989  
Fenno-Skan Dannebo, Sweden Rauma, Finland 200 km 33 km 400 kV 500 MW 1989  
HVDC Gezhouba - Shanghai Gezhouba, China Nan Qiao, China - 1046 km +-500 kV 1200 MW 1989  
Quebec - New England Transmission Radisson, Quebec Nicolet, Quebec; Des Cantons, Quebec; Comerford, New Hampshire; James Bay, Massachusetts - 1100 km +-450 kV 2000 MW 1991 multiterminal scheme
HVDC Rihand-Delhi Rihand, India Dadri, India - 814 km +-500 kV 1500 MW 1992  
SACOI 2 Suvereto, Italia Lucciana, France; Codrongianos, Italy 118 km 304 km 200 kV 300 MW 1992 multiterminal scheme
HVDC Inter-Island 2 Benmore Dam, New Zealand Haywards, New Zealand 40 km 570 km 350 kV 640 MW 1992  
Cross-Skagerak 3 Tjele, Denmark Kristiansand, Norway 130 km 100 km 350 kV 500 MW 1993  
Baltic-Cable Lübeck-Herrenwyk, Germany Kruseberg, Sweden 250 km 12 km 450 kV 600 MW 1993  
HVDC back-to-back station Etzenricht Etzenricht, Germany Etzenricht, Germany - - 160 kV 600 MW 1993 shut down in October 1995
HVDC back-to-back station Vienna-Southeast Vienna, Austria Vienna, Austria - - 142 kV 600 MW 1993 shut down in October 1996
HVDC Haenam-Cheju Haenam, South Korea Jeju, South Korea 101 km - 180 kV 300 MW 1996  
Kontek Bentwisch, Germany Bjaeverskov, Denmark 170 km - 400 kV 600 MW 1996  
HVDC back-to-back station Welch-Monticello Welch-Monticello, Texas Welch-Monticello, Texas - - 162 kV 600 MW 1998  
HVDC Leyte - Luzon Ormoc, Leyte Naga, Camarines Sur 21 km 430 km 350 kV 440 MW 1998  
HVDC Visby-Nas Nas, Sweden Visby, Sweden 70 km - 80 kV 50 MW 1999  
SwePol Stärnö, Sweden Slupsk, Poland 245 km - 450 kV 600 MW 2000  
HVDC Italy-Greece Galatina, Italy Arachthos, Greece 200 km 110 km 400 kV 500 MW 2001  
Kii Channel HVDC system Anan, Japan Kihoku, Japan 50 km 50 km +-500 kV 1400 MW 2000  
HVDC Moyle Auchencrosh, UK Ballycronan More, UK 63.5 km - 250 kV 250 MW 2001  
HVDC Thailand-Malaysia Khlong Ngae, Thailand Gurun, Malaysia - 110 km 300 kV 300 MW 2002  
HVDC back-to-back station Minami-Fukumitsu Minami-Fukumitsu, Japan Minami-Fukumitsu, Japan - - 125 kV 300 MW 1999  
HVDC Three Gorges-Changzhou Longquan, China Zhengping, China - 890 km +-500 kV 3000 MW 2003  
HVDC Three Gorges-Guangdong Jingzhou, China Huizhou, China - 940 km +-500 kV 3000 MW 2003  
Basslink Loy Yang, Australia George Town, Australia 298.3 km 71.8 km 400 kV 600 MW 2005  
Vizag II Gazuwaka, India Gazuwaka, India 0 km 0 km 176 kV 500 MW 2005  
HVDC back-to-back station Sharyland Sharyland, Texas, USA Sharyland, Texas, USA 0 km 0 km +-21 kV 150 MW 2007  
Imera Power HVDC Wales-Ireland, East West Interconnector Leinster, Ireland Anglesea, Wales 130 km - +-400 kV 500 MW 2008  
SAPEI Latina, Italy Fiume Santo, Sardinia 435 km - +-500 kV 1000 MW 2008/9  
NorNed Feda, Norway Eemshaven, Netherlands 580 km - +-450 kV 700 MW 2008  
HVDC back-to-back station at Visakhapatnam Visakhapatnam, India Visakhapatnam, India - -  
East South-II Talcher, Orissa, India Kolar, Karnataka, India - 1450 km +-500 kV 2000MW 2002  

[edit] Systems that used IGBTs from first power-on

Name Converter Station 1 Converter Station 2 Length of Cable Length of overhead line Voltage Transmission power Inauguration Remarks
HVDC Hellsjön-Grängesberg Hellsjoen, Sweden Graengesberg, Sweden - 10 km 180 kV 3 MW 1997 experimental HVDC
HVDC Tjæreborg Tjæreborg, Denmark Tjæreborg, Denmark 4.3 km - +-9 kV 7,2 MW 2000 interconnection to wind power generating stations
HVDC-back-to-back station Eagle Pass, Texas Eagle Pass, Texas, USA Eagle Pass, Texas, USA - - +-15.9 kV 36 MW 2000  
Directlink Mullumbimby, Australia Bungalora, Australia 59 km - +-80 kV 180 MW 2000 land cable
Cross Sound Cable New Haven, Connecticut Shoreham, Long Island 40 km - +-150 kV 330 MW 2002 buried underwater cable
Murraylink Berri, Australia Red Cliffs, Australia 177 km - +-150 kV 220 MW 2002 land cable
HVDC Troll Kollsnes, Norway Offshore platform Troll A 70 km - +-60 kV 84 MW 2005 power supply for offshore gas compressor
Estlink Espoo, Finland Harku, Estonia 105 km - +-150kV 350 MW 2006  
HVDC Valhall Lista, Norway Valhall, Offshore platform 292 km - 150 kV 78 MW 2009