List of British Jewish scientists
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
List of British Jewish scientists is a list that includes scientists from the United Kingdom and its predecessor states who are or were Jewish or of Jewish descent.
List of Jews by country |
Europe |
Eastern Europe | North Europe |
South-East Europe |
West Europe |
Americas |
Latin America | Caribbean |
Canada | United States |
Rest of World |
Oceania | Sub-Saharan Africa |
Arab World | Asia | Israel* |
(*most are Jewish) |
Contents |
[edit] Physicists
- Petrus Alphonsi, Spanish-born astronomer and doctor [1]
- Edward Neville da Costa Andrade (JYB 1977 p207)
- Sir Michael Berry [6], mathematical physicist (JYB 2005 p214)
- Moses Blackman (JYB 1977 p207)
- David Bohm,[2] physicist, philosopher
- Sir Hermann Bondi [7], Austrian-born British cosmologist
- Max Born [8], [9], physicist, Nobel Prize 1954 (converted to Lutheranism) (JYB 2000 p212 - list of Jewish Nobel Prizewinners)
- Samuel Devons, physicist (JYB 2005 p214)
- Cyril Domb [10], physicist, President of Association of Orthodox Jewish Scientists
- Paul Eisler [11] [12], inventor of printed circuit board
- Michael Fisher [13]
- Otto Robert Frisch [14] (JYB 1980 p182)
- Herbert Frohlich (JYB 1990 p201)
- Dennis Gabor [15] [16] Nobel Prize for Physics 1971; British.
- Oxford Dictionary of National Biography: "In 1946 Dennis Gabor became a naturalized British citizen."
- Sir David Lionel Goldsmid-Stern-Salomons [17], scientist and inventor
- Jeffrey Goldstone (JYB 2005 p214)
- Ian Grant (JYB 2005 p214)
- Sir Peter Hirsch, physicist (JYB 2005 p213, 214)
- Herbert Huppert, 1987 (JYB 2005 p214)
- Brian David Josephson [18], physicist, Nobel Prize (1973)
- George Kalmus, 1988 (JYB 2005 p214)
- Andrew Keller [19]
- Olga Kennard, crystallographer 1987 (JYB 2005 p214)
- Rudolf Kompfner [3], invented traveling wave tube
- Hans Kronberger (physicist)[4], nuclear physicist
- Nicholas Kurti [20], physicist, Vice-President of the Royal Society 1965-67. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography:
- "study at the university was open to him, despite being a Jew ... Kurti became a naturalized British citizen just before the outbreak of the Second World War"
- Frederick Lindemann, 1st Viscount Cherwell [21], physicist and politician
- Henry Lipson (JYB 1990 p201)
- Sir Ben Lockspeiser (JYB 1990 p201)
- Stanley Mandelstam (JYB 2005 p214)
- Kurt Mendelssohn (Encyclopaedia Judaica 13:492)
- Leon Mestel, astronomer (Who's Who entry & JYB 2000 p211)
- F.R. Nunes Nabarro (JYB 2005 p214)
- Rudolf Peierls (JYB 1995 p193)
- Michael Pepper (JYB 2005 p214)
- Douglas Ross [22]
- Sir Joseph Rotblat [23], physicist, Nobel Peace Prize (1995)
- Arthur Schuster (Encyclopedia Judaica, 14:1012]]
- Dennis Sciama, FRS [24], cosmologist
- David Shoenberg, physics of low temperatures (JYB 1995 p193)
- Sir Francis Simon, 1941 (Encyclopedia Judaica, 14:1578)
- David Tabor (JYB 2005 p214)
- Samuel Tolansky, spectroscopist
- Concise Dictionary of National Biography: "son of Lithuanian-Jewish immigrants"
- Felix Weinberg (JYB 2005 p214)
- Michael Woolfson, crystallographer, computer simulation 1984 (JYB 2005 p214)
- Alec David Young, aero-engineer (JYB 2005 p214)
- John Ziman [25]
[edit] Chemists
- Herbert Brown, chemist (JYB 2005 p215) Born in London - see refs in article
- Sir Arnold Burgen (JYB 2005 p214)
- Sir Roy Calne (JYB 2005 p214)
- Jack David Dunitz [26], chemist
- Martin Fleischmann [5], chemist
- Rosalind Franklin [27], physical chemist and crystalographer, helped to discover structure of DNA
- Eugen Glueckauf (JYB 1980 p182)
- Sir Ian Heilbron (Encyclopedia Judaica 8:262)
- Walter Heitler [28]
- Sir Aaron Klug [29], physicist & chemist, Nobel Prize (1982) (JYB 2000 p211-2)
- Harold Kroto [30], discoverer of buckminsterfullerene, Nobel Prize (1996) (Jewish father; raised Jewish)
- Raphael Meldola (Encyclopaedia Judaica 11:1290)
- Alfred Mond, chemist 1928 (Encyclopaedia Judaica 4:1298, 12:241)
- Ludwig Mond [31], chemist & industrialist
- Sir Robert Mond, chemist and archaeologist (Encyclopaedia Judaica, art. Mond)
- Albert Neuberger [32], chemical pathologist
- father of Prof. James Neuberger, Lord Justice Sir David Neuberger and Prof. Michael Neuberger, and father-in-law of Julia Neuberger
- Friedrich Paneth (Encyclopaedia Judaica 13:54)
- Sir Max Perutz [33], molecular biologist, Nobel Prize (1962)
- Michael Polanyi [34], chemist; naturalised British 1939 (Dictionary of National Biography)
- Ralph Raphael (JYB 1995 p193)
- Michael Rossmann [35]
- Anthony Segal, 1998 (JYB 2005 p214)
- Franz Sondheimer, organic chemist (JYB 2005 p214)
- Michael Szwarc, polymer chemistry (Encyclopedia Judaica, 15:670]]
- [6],
- Dr Nikita Poltavsky, and his wife Denise Mancheste.
[edit] Biologists
- Saul Adler (JYB 1960 p216)
- Ephraim Anderson [36], microbiologist
- Charlotte Auerbach (JYB 1977 p207)
- Walter Bodmer [37], geneticist
- Gustav Victor Rudolf Born [38], Professor of Pharmacology
- Sydney Brenner [39], molecular biologist, Nobel Prize (2002)
- Leslie Brent: TimesAd
- Edith Bülbring,[7] pharmacologist (Jewish mother)
- Sir Ernst Chain [40], co-developer of penicillin, Nobel Prize (1945)
- Sir Philip Cohen [41], biologist
- Sydney Cohen, pathologist (JYB 2005 p214, 230)
- Emanuel Mendes da Costa [42], 18th century botanist
- Julius Dreschfeld [8], medical researcher
- Raymond Dwek, biologist (JYB 2005 p214)
- Sir Michael Epstein, co-discoverer of the Epstein-Barr virus (JYB 2005 p214)
- Wilhelm Feldberg (JYB 1977 p207) biologist
- Sir Alan Fersht [43], protein folding
- Sir Otto Frankel, geneticist[9]
- Ian Glynn (JYB 2005 p214)
- Professor Sir Abraham Goldberg, Regius Professor of Medicine, University of Glasgow and world authority on porphyria [10]
- Susan Greenfield, Baroness Greenfield [44], neuroscientist and writer (Jewish father)
- Hans Gruneberg (JYB 1967 p208) biologist
- Sir Ludwig Guttmann[11], neurologist
- Sir Henry Harris (Encyclopedia Judaica 4:138]])
- Philip D'Arcy Hart [45], medical researcher
- Sir Gabriel Horn (JYB 2005 p214)
- Alick Isaacs [46] [47], virologist, interferon
- David Ish-Horowicz, 2002 (JYB 2005 p214)
- Sir Bernard Katz [48], biophysicist, Nobel Prize (1970)
- David Keilin [49], entomologist
- Sir Hans Kornberg, 1965 (JYB 2005 p214)
- Hans Kosterlitz [50]
- Sir Hans Adolf Krebs [51], biochemist, Nobel Prize (1953)
- Sir John Krebs [12], zoologist
- Roland Levinsky [13], biologist
- Michael Levitt [52]
- Hans Lissmann (JYB 1995 p193)
- Joel Mandelstam (JYB 2005 p214)
- Sir Michael Marmot, epidemiologist (JYB 2005 213)
- César Milstein [53], immunologist, Nobel Prize (1984)
- Leslie Orgel [54], evolutionary biologist
- Guido Pontecorvo, 1955 (JYB 1995 p193)
- Juda Quastel [55]
- Ivan Roitt, immunologist 1983 (JYB 2005 p214) (JYB 2000 p211)
- Steven Rose [56], biologist
- Sir Martin Roth, psychiatrist (JYB 2005 p214)
- Dame Miriam Louisa Rothschild [57], entomologist
- Victor Rothschild, 3rd Baron Rothschild 1953 (JYB 1990 p199,202,259)
- Oliver Sacks [58], neurologist and author
- Isaac de Sequeira Samuda [59] (first Jewish FRS; elected 1727)
- John Vane [60], pharmacologist, Nobel Prize (1982) (Jewish father)
- Lawrence Weiskrantz, psychologist (JYB 2005 p214)
- Robert Winston, Baron Winston [61], fertility expert and broadcaster
- Lewis Wolpert [62], developmental biologist and broadcaster
- Lord Solly Zuckerman, anatomist, evolutionist (JYB 1965 p214)
[edit] Mathematicians and statisticians
- Abraham Manie Adelstein [14], statistician
- Hertha Ayrton [15], mathematician and engineer
- Laurence Baxter, statistician[16]
- Michael Baxter, statistician[17]
- Abram Besicovitch [63], Russian-born British mathematician (karaite)
- Selig Brodetsky [18], mathematician and President of the Board of Deputies of British Jews
- Jacob Bronowski [64], mathematician & broadcaster
- H.E. Daniels [19], statistician
- Philip Dawid [65], statistician
- Arthur Erdelyi [20], mathematician
- John Fox, statistician
- Albrecht Frohlich [66]
- David Glass [21], demographer
- Sydney Goldstein [67], expert on fluid mechanics
- Benjamin Gompertz [68], mathematician
- Eugene Grebenik [69], demographer
- Steven Haberman [70], professor of actuarial science
- John Hajnal, demographer (JYB 2005 p215)
- Hans Heilbronn (JYB 1977, p207)
- Marie Jahoda [71], psychologist
- Thomas Körner, mathematician [22]
- Ruth Lawrence [72], mathematician & child prodigy
- Leone Levi [73], statistician
- Kurt Mahler, mathematician (JYB 2005 p214)
- Sir Claus Moser [74], statistician
- Louis Mordell [75], number theorist
- Bernhard Neumann, 1959 (JYB 2005 p214)
- Richard Rado [76], mathematician
- Klaus Roth [77], mathematician, Fields Medal (1958)
- Bernard Silverman, statistician [78]
- David Spiegelhalter, statistician (JYB 2007 p.198)
- James Joseph Sylvester [79], mathematician
[edit] Computer scientists
- Samson Abramsky, computer scientist (JYB 2007 p.198)
- David Deutsch [80], quantum computing pioneer
- I.J. Good [81], cryptographer, philosopher of statistics & computing pioneer
- David Levy [82], computer chess expert
- Leo Marks [83], cryptographer & screenwriter
- Max Newman [84], mathematician & computing pioneer (Jewish father)
- Gordon Plotkin [85], computer scientist
- Leslie Valiant [86], computer scientist parallel computation
[edit] Economists
- Lord Bauer [87], economist
- Samuel Brittan, economist
- Charles Goodhart,[23] Bank of England economist
- Noreena Hertz [88], economist & activist
- Richard Kahn, Baron Kahn [89], economist: multiplier
- Nicholas Kaldor [90], economist
- Israel Kirzner [91], economist (UK-born)
- Ludwig Lachmann, economist[24]
- Harold Laski, economist (The New Standard Jewish Encyclopedia, ed Geoffrey Wigoder, 5th ed 1977, pp. 1182-3)
- Alexander Nove, economist (JYB 1990 p202)
- Sigbert Prais, economist (JYB 2005 p215)
- David Ricardo [92], economist (converted to Quakerism)
- Arthur Seldon [93], economist
- Sir Hans Singer, economist; The Economist, March 11th 2006 p95: "born a Jew"
- Piero Sraffa [94], economist
- Basil Yamey, economist (JYB 2005 p215,315)
[edit] Social scientists
- Roy Clive Abraham [25], linguist
- Michael Balint [95], psychoanalyst (converted to Unitarianism)
- Zygmunt Bauman [96], sociologist
- Basil Bernstein [97], linguist
- Vernon Bogdanor, professor of politics (JYB 2005 pp215,223)
- Georgina Born, anthropologist (daughter of Gustav Victor Rudolf Born)
- Gerald Cohen, Professor of Social and Political Theory (JYB 2005 p215)
- Norbert Elias[26], sociologist
- Herman Finer [27], political scientist
- Samuel Finer [28], political scientist
- Sir Moses I. Finley [29], historian and sociologist
- Meyer Fortes, anthropologist (JYB 1980 p183)
- Eduard Fraenkel, philologist [30]
- Anna Freud [98], child psychoanalyst
- Norman Geras [99], professor of Government
- "You are a Jewish, Zimbabwean, Mancunian philosopher... I have lived in Manchester more than half my life and am very much at home here."
- Morris Ginsberg [100]
- Max Gluckman, anthropologist (JYB 1975 p213)
- Theodor Goldstücker [31], orientalist
- Jean Gottmann [32], professor of geography, Oxford University
- Julius Gould, sociologist (JYB 2005 p249)
- Frank H. Hahn, economist
- Paul Hirst [101], social theorist (Jewish mother)
- Marie Jahoda [102], psychology of discrimination
- Melanie Klein [103], psychotherapist
- Paul Klemperer, economist
- Geoffrey Lewis Lewis, professor of Turkish (JYB 2005 p215)
- Steven Lukes, political scientist (JYB 2005 p215)
- Ashley Montagu [104], anthropologist & humanist
- Isaac Schapera, anthropologist (JYB 2005 p215)
- Edward Ullendorff, linguist (JYB 2005 p215)
[edit] References
- JYB = Jewish Year Book
- TimesAd: The Times, 6/7/06 p34: "A Call by Jews in Britain" (advert signed by 300 British Jews)
[edit] Footnotes
- ^ Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, art. Alfonsi, Petrus
- ^ Fred Pruyn, Infinite Potential: The Life and Times of David Bohm, on theosophy-nw.org. Accessed 13 April 2006.
- ^ Concise Dictionary of National Biography: "born of Jewish parents in Vienna"
- ^ Concise Dictionary of National Biography: "born in Linz, Austria, of Jewish parents"
- ^ [1]: "Birthplace: Karlsbad, Czechoslovakia ... Religion: Jewish" accessed 8 Feb 2007
- ^ Concise Dictionary of National Biography: "naturalised British subject, 1910"; [2]
- ^ From web site of Amnesty: "Professor Edith Bulbring Born in Germany 1903, Jewish mother". Accessed 6 March 2007.
- ^ Concise Dictionary of National Biography: "born in Bavaria of Jewish parents"
- ^ Interview by Australian Academy of Sciences: "An Austrian Jew's entry into the British Empire"; accessed 11 November 2006.
- ^ Jewish Chronicle Obituary, 25 October 2007
- ^ Paralympics on Thinkquest.org refers to "Ludwig Guttman, a Jewish neurologist and refugee from Nazi Germany". Accessed 16 April 2006.
- ^ Jewish Chronicle, 8 January 1999, p.6: "Three Jewish knights feature among the New Year honours: ... Nichola Serota ... John Krebs ... Victor Blank."
- ^ "Driving force of city university's growth": Western Daily Press 19 July 2006: "the family is Jewish".
- ^ article in Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
- ^ article in Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
- ^ Death notices in Jewish Chronicle, 15/11/1996 p 31; confirms Sidney Hart was his uncle
- ^ Who's Who in the World, 18th ed (2001) p.163: "Religion: Jewish"
- ^ [3]: "These include the papers of Anglo-Jewish leaders, such as Selig Brodetsky"
- ^ article in Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
- ^ Jewish: [4]; British: Concise Dictionary of National Biography: "became naturalised British citizen, 1947"
- ^ Obituary, Jewish Chronicle, Oct. 6 1978, p.32
- ^ Two Jewish parents: Stephan Körner (JYB 2005 p215) and Edith Körner
- ^ Flade, Ronald. The Lehmans: From Rimpar to the New World: A Family History, 2nd Enlarged Ed., 1999; reviewed by the American Jewish Historical Society. Accessed 14 Nov 2006.
- ^ Hayek's Challenge: An Intellectual Biography of F. A. Hayek - Pg 145
- ^ Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
- ^ Oxford Dictionary of National Biography: "Elias, as a Jew, sought refuge first in Paris (1933–5), and then in London (from 1935), eventually becoming a British citizen in 1952"
- ^ [5] "Mr. Herman Finer, an Englishman, Jewish"
- ^ Jewish Chronicle obituary, June 25 1993, p.15
- ^ Encyclopaedia Judaica, 2nd ed.
- ^ Oxford Dictionary of National Biography: "An unbaptized Jew"
- ^ Concise Dictionary of National Biography: "of Jewish parentage"
- ^ Oxford Dictionary of National Biography: "the only child of prosperous Jewish parents"