List of Aar bridges in Berne
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This is a list of the 18 bridges spanning the river Aar on the territory of the city of Berne, Switzerland.
With the historical city core situated on a steeply-flanked peninsula formed by the river, the Aar is a defining part of Berne's cityscape and features prominently in the city's 800-year history. Given its topography, the city's development in modern times was dependent on the construction of long high level bridges. Their construction in the 19th and 20th century at times stretched the limits of the possible.[1]
The building of the great bridges was a continuous topic of political controversy in Berne up until World War II. The disputes about the location and even the construction materials of the bridges – stone or iron – reflected the rivalry between the city's conservative and liberal factions.[2]
[edit] Current bridges
| Image | Name and description | Opened | Length | Height | Span | Location |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |
Untertorbrücke: Built in wood 1256, rebuilt in stone 1489. The city's only Aar bridge up until 1834.[3] | 1256 / 1489 | 52.5 m (172 ft) | 8 m (26 ft) | 15 m (49 ft), also twice 14 m (46 ft) | |
 |
Neubrügg ("new bridge"): First built in 1466 to replace a ferry, rebuilt in 1535. Covered bridge on sandstone pillars, oldest wooden bridge in the Canton.[4] | 1466 / 1535 | 91 m (299 ft) | 6 m (20 ft) | 21 m (69 ft) to 16 m (52 ft), 5 spans | |
 |
Altenbergsteg: Footbridge built to connect the city to the Altenberg residential area. Built in wood in 1834 to replace an 1823 ferry, rebuilt in iron 1857.[5] | 1834 / 1857 | 57 m (187 ft) | 5 m (16 ft) | 57 m (187 ft) | |
 |
Nydeggbrücke: First high level bridge, sheathed in sandstone.[6] Its main arch is the widest stone arch in continental Europe.[7] Built by a consortium of conservative burghers and financed through usage fees.[8] | 1840 | 148 m (486 ft) | 23 m (75 ft) | 46 m (151 ft) (main arch), 17 m (56 ft) (side arches) | |
| Tiefenaubrücke: High level stone bridge built by the liberal government in reaction to the Nydeggbrücke.[9] Original design marred by 1977 broadening.[10] Parallel railway bridge opened 1965. | 1850 | 92 m (302 ft) | 31 m (102 ft) | 25 m (82 ft), thrice | ||
 |
Dalmazibrücke: Riverbank-level bridge in the Marzili neighbourhood, originally built as an iron bridge in 1872; demolished and rebuilt in prestressed concrete in 1958.[11] | 1872 / 1958 | 63 m (207 ft) | 4 m (13 ft) | 20 m (66 ft), thrice | |
 |
Kirchenfeldbrücke: First iron high level bridge, inspired by contemporary English designs. Built to develop the Kirchenfeld neighbourhood.[12] | 1883 | 229 m (751 ft) | 39 m (128 ft) | 86 m (282 ft), twice | |
 |
Kornhausbrücke: High level bridge of stone and iron intended to develop the Lorraine neighbourhood.[13] | 1898 | 355 m (1,165 ft) | 48 m (157 ft) | 115 m (377 ft) and five times 36 m (118 ft) | |
 |
Schönausteg: Iron footbridge in the style of the Altenbergsteg, near the Dählhölzli zoo.[14] | 1906 | 54 m (177 ft) | 4 m (13 ft) | 54 m (177 ft) | |
 |
Halenbrücke: High level concrete bridge, only lightly reinforced, leading to Kirchlindach.[15] | 1913 | 234 m (768 ft) | 38 m (125 ft) | 87 m (285 ft) and four times 21 m (69 ft) | |
 |
Seftausteg: Iron footbridge at the Felsenau power plant.[16] | 1921 | 53 m (174 ft) | 5 m (16 ft) | 53 m (174 ft) | |
 |
Felsenaubrücke: First built by the army as a wooden bridge in 1929, rebuilt as a solid-web girder bridge made of packed concrete in 1949.[17] Not to be confused with the later Felsenauviadukt. | 1928 / 1949 | 63 m (207 ft) | 8 m (26 ft) | 16 m (52 ft), thrice | |
 |
Lorrainebrücke: First reinforced concrete high level bridge, built in the then-popular Heimatstil to resemble the older stone bridges.[18] | 1930 | 178 m (584 ft) | 38 m (125 ft) | 82 m (269 ft) | |
 |
Railway viaduct: Built in concrete by the Federal Railways to replace the aging Rote Brücke. It was the longest four-track railway viaduct in Europe at the time of construction.[19] | 1941 | 1,093 m (3,586 ft) | 43 m (141 ft) | 150 m (492 ft) | |
 |
Monbijoubrücke: Designed as a high-traffic four-lane automobile bridge at a peak of general automobile enthusiasm; executed in prestressed concrete.[20] | 1962 | 338 m (1,109 ft) | 22 m (72 ft) | 86 m (282 ft) twice and 81 m (266 ft) twice | |
| Tiefenaubrücke (RBS): High level bridge in prestressed concrete built alongside the Tiefenaubrücke for the RBS railway.[21] | 1965 | 200 m (656 ft) | 30 m (98 ft) | 97 m (318 ft) | ||
 |
Felsenauviadukt: Longest viaduct of the A1 highway and the world's first single-cell box girder bridge built with the cantilever method, a pioneer work in prestressed concrete construction.[22] Design by Christian Menn.[23] | 1975 | 1,116 m (3,661 ft) | 63 m (207 ft) | 156 m (512 ft) twice, 48 m (157 ft) twice | |
 |
Stauwehr Engehalde: Steel walkway across the Engehalde weir.[24] | 1998[24] | 61 m (200 ft)[25] |
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In the table above, "length" refers to the distance between abutments. The height is measured from the pavement to the mean water level.
[edit] Former bridges
Apart from the bridges that were rebuilt in the same spot, as noted above, one bridge no longer exists:
| Name and description | In operation | Length | Height | Span | Location | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |
Rote Brücke (Red Bridge): High level bridge on stone pillars; the first railway bridge, iron bridge and double-decker bridge in Berne. Generally referred to by its red colour, it also acquired the sobriquet Würgengel ("Angel of Death") because of frequent fatal accidents.[26][27][28] Replaced by the Lorrainebrücke and the modern railway bridge.[29] | 1858–1941 | 164 m (538 ft) | 43 m (141 ft) (lower deck) | 57 m (187 ft) and twice 50 m (164 ft) |
[edit] Ferries
Before the building of the major bridges, a number of ferries existed in Berne to carry passengers and cargo across the Aar. The only ferry still in operation is the Reichenbach ferry (), a cable ferry established in 1743. It links the tip of the Enge peninsula to Reichenbach Castle in Zollikofen.[30]
[edit] External links
The Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bridges of Berne.
[edit] References
The data in this list are taken from Furrer, p. 154–164, unless otherwise noted.
- ^ von Bergen, 25.
- ^ von Bergen, 39.
- ^ von Bergen, 26.
- ^ Furrer, 11–13.
- ^ von Bergen, 26.
- ^ von Bergen, 28.
- ^ Furrer, 156.
- ^ von Bergen, 28.
- ^ Furrer, 19.
- ^ Furrer, 20.
- ^ von Bergen, 30.
- ^ von Bergen, 30.
- ^ von Bergen, 32–34.
- ^ Furrer, 36.
- ^ Furrer, 33–34.
- ^ Furrer, 36.
- ^ Furrer, 37.
- ^ von Bergen, 35–37.
- ^ von Bergen, 36.
- ^ von Bergen, 37.
- ^ Furrer, 20–21.
- ^ Caviezel, 248.
- ^ von Bergen, 37.
- ^ a b Dotierkraftwerk Engehalde. Energie Wasser Bern.
- ^ Satellite photography measurement in Google Earth.
- ^ von Bergen, 31.
- ^ Weber, "Eisenbahnbrücke, Rote"
- ^ Furrer, 23.
- ^ von Bergen, 31.
- ^ Weber.
[edit] Bibliography
- Caviezel, Zita; Herzog, Georges & Keller, Jürg A. (2006), Basel-Landschaft, Basel-Stadt, Bern, Solothurn, vol. 3 (1st ed.), Kunstführer durch die Schweiz, Berne: Gesellschaft für Schweizerische Kunstgeschichte, p. 248, ISBN 3-906131-97-1
- Furrer, Bernhard, Übergänge: Berner Aarebrücken, Geschichte und Gegenwart, Berne: Benteli (published 1984), ISBN 3-7165-0492-0
- Hofer, Paul (1959), Die Stadt Bern., vol. 1, Kunstdenkmäler des Kantons Bern, Basel: Gesellschaft für Schweizerische Kunstgeschichte / Verlag Birkhäuser, pp. 193–224, ISBN 3-90613-113-0, <http://digibiblio.unibe.ch/digibern/Chopin/Engine/Systematik/viewer.asp?KatalogID=1&ImgNum=203>
- von Bergen, Stefan (1998), “Brückenschläge in die Zukunft – die Schlüsselrolle der Hochbrücken in Berns Urbanisierung”, in Lüthi, Christian & Meier, Bernhard, Bern – eine Stadt bricht auf: Schauplätze und Geschichten der Berner Stadtentwicklung zwischen 1798 und 1998, Berne: Paul Haupt, pp. 25–40, ISBN 3-258-05721-4
- Weber, Berchtold (1976), Historisch-topographisches Lexikon der Stadt Bern, Berne: Berner Burgerbibliothek, ISBN 3-727-20045-6, <http://www.digibern.ch/weber/weber_bo.html>
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