Lisenba v. People of State of California
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| Lisenba v. People of State of California | ||||||||||||||
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| Reargued October 14 – 15, 1941 Decided December 8, 1941 |
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| Holding | ||||||||||||||
| The Court upheld the death penalty where the defendant was held for over 24 hours, slapped and deprived of sleep and food, thereafter a confession was made. | ||||||||||||||
| Court membership | ||||||||||||||
| Chief Justice: Charles Evans Hughes Associate Justices: James Clark McReynolds, Harlan Fiske Stone, Owen Josephus Roberts, Hugo Black, Stanley Forman Reed, Felix Frankfurter, William O. Douglas, Frank Murphy |
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| Case opinions | ||||||||||||||
| Majority by: Roberts Joined by: Stone, Reed, Frankfurter, Murphy, Byrnes, Jackson Dissent by: Black Joined by: Douglas |
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| Laws applied | ||||||||||||||
| U.S. Const. | ||||||||||||||
Lisenba v. People of the State of California, 314 U.S. 219 (1941), was a case in which the United States Supreme Court upheld the death penalty where the defendant was held for over 24 hours, slapped and deprived of sleep and food, thereafter a confession was made. Defendant argued that the confession was coerced.
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[edit] Facts
[edit] Murder of Mary Busch
Lisenba worked as a barber in La Canada Flintridge, California in the 1930's. His wife was a manicurist named Mary Busch. In 1935, James purchased a life insurance policy on his wife. A few months later, Lisenba purchased rattlesnakes, which were used in an unsuccessful attempt to murder his wife. Hours later, Mary was found dead by drowning. Investigators from the insurance company discovered that James had been married previously and that one of his prior wives had died under similar circumstances.
[edit] Confession
In his dissent, Justice Black stated: Suspecting the defendant of murder they entered his home on Sunday, April 19, 1936, at 9 a.m. He was taken to a furnished house next door, in which the State's Attorney's office had installed a dictaphone. For the next forty-eight hours, or a little longer, the State's Attorney, his assistants, and investigators held James as their prisoner. He was so held not under indictment or warrant of arrest but by force. At about 4 a.m. Monday, one Southard, an investigator, 'slapped' the defendant whose left ear was thereafter red and swollen. James was apparently kept at the State's Attorney's office during the daylight hours; the full extent to which he was questioned there is not clear. But on Monday and Tuesday nights, at the furnished house, with no one present but James and the officers, he was subjected to constant interrogation. The questioning officers divided themselves into squads, so that some could sleep while the others continued the questioning. The defendant got no sleep during the first forty-two hours after the officers seized him. And about 3:30 or 4 a.m. Tuesday morning, while sitting in the chair he occupied while being interrogated, at the very moment a question was being asked him, the defendant fell asleep. There he remained asleep until about 7 or 8 a.m. At about 11 a.m. the officers took him to jail and booked him on a charge of incest. During the entire forty- two hours defendant was held, he repeatedly denied any complicity in or knowledge of the murder of his wife.
The second episode during which the officers held defendant incommunicado, and which produced the confession, was on May 2 and in the early hours of May 3. About 11 a.m. on May 2 an investigator for the District Attorney took James from his cell to the chaplain's room of the jail. In the presence of an Assistant District Attorney he was confronted by Hope and told that Hope had made a confession implicating James in his wife's murder. James refused to talk and was then carried back to his cell. A short time later, under a purported order of court, the nature or authority of which does not appear, James was taken from the jail to his home, and then somewhere between 1 and 4 p.m. to the District Attorney's office. The doors were locked. From then until about midnight the District Attorney, his Assistants, and investigators, subjected James to constant interrogation. Upon asking for his attorney, James was told he was out of the city. He then asked for another but whatever efforts the officers made to satisfy this request were unsuccessful. He was again confronted with Hope but neither this nor the questioning had elicited an admission of any nature by midnight. At that time, according to the investigators, James said to one of them, 'Can't we go out and get something to eat-if you fellows will take me out to eat now, I will tell you the story.' 1 He was taken out to eat by some of the officers, remained about an hour and a half, while at the restaurant made damaging admissions, and upon his return to the District Attorney's office, made the full statement which was used to bring about his conviction, completing it at about 3 a.m. Southard, the investigator who had previously 'slapped' him, was one of the signed witnesses of the confession.
[edit] Later developments
On May 9 1942, Rattlesnake James was executed by hanging at San Quentin State Prison in California. The rope was the wrong length and it took over ten minutes for Rattlesnake James to die.
