Linville Gorge Wilderness

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Linville Gorge seen from Wiseman's View

The Linville Gorge Wilderness ("The Grand Canyon of North Carolina") is the third largest Wilderness Area in North Carolina (Shining Rock Wilderness, Joyce-Kilmer Slickrock Wilderness) and one of only two wilderness gorges in the Southern United States (Bald River Gorge Wilderness in Tennessee).^[1] It comprises 11,786 acres (49 km²) around the Linville River, and is situated inside the Pisgah National Forest. The river is approximately 1,400 feet (400 m) below the ridge, thus hiking in and out of the Gorge is challenging and enjoyable for those who like serious hiking. The plant and animal community is extremely diverse, with a dense hardwood/pine forest and a wide variety of smaller trees and other plants as well as bear, fox, raccoon, trout, grouse, turkey, vultures, owls, hawks, copperheads, and timber rattlesnakes.

Popular tourist attractions in or near the Wilderness are:

Linville Falls, a waterfall fed by the River and free for the public
Wiseman's view, a rock outcrop near the center of the gorge that gives an excellent view of the interior of the gorge.
Linville Caverns, a privately maintained cave accessible by automobile from U.S. Route 221.

1 History
2 Camping and Hiking
3 Hunting and Fishing
4 Climbing
5 Photo Gallery
6 See also
7 References
8 External links

[edit] History

Prior to the European colonization of North America, virtually all of western North Carolina was inhabited by tribes of the Cherokee Indians. In the Cherokee language, the Linville River is called Ee-see-oh, which means "river of many cliffs" when literally translated.^[2]^[3] Early white settlers named the river Linville in honor of John and William Linville, explorers that were killed by the Cherokee in the gorge in 1766.^[3]

The depth of the gorge, the steepness of the sides, and the peaks of the Jonas Ridge to the east and Linville Mountain to the west made settlement impractical in the 1800's and 1900's. In the early 20th century, logging was a major industry in the surrounding region, but the gorge itself was spared clearcutting. The forbidding nature of the terrain made resource extraction unprofitable, which is the primary reason why the gorge is one of the few remaining examples of old growth forest in the Blue Ridge Mountain range. The gorge is remarkably free of manmade structures, and of the four major gorges in North Carolina, the Linville Gorge is the only one without a road in the bottom.^[4]

Formal protection of the area began in 1952, when the land was purchased with funds donated by John D. Rockefeller^[5]. When the Wilderness Act was approved by Congress and signed into law by President Johnson in 1964, the Linville Gorge Wilderness became one of the first formally designated Wilderness areas of the new National Wilderness Preservation System. It is the only gorge or canyon in the United States that was labeled a Wilderness areas in the initial year of the Wilderness Act that has never changed in acreage.^[1]

Today the Linville Gorge Wilderness is part of the Pisgah National Forest, and is managed by the Grandfather Ranger District of the United States Forest Service.

The southern end of Linville Gorge, as seen from the summit of Table Rock.

[edit] Camping and Hiking

Due to the nature of the terrain, hiking in the Linville Gorge can be a strenuous and challenging activity. Maps of the trail system are available through United States Forest Service offices and information facilities in the area, but it's important to remember that due to the Wilderness area designation, trails in the gorge are not the improved, well-marked, cleared and graded paths that visitors to state or national parks become accustomed to. Beginners and those without land navigation training would be well advised to stick to the basic and shorter hiking trails.

In order to maintain the quality of the wilderness, camping in the gorge is managed by the Grandfather Ranger District of the United States Forest Service. Group sizes are limited to no more than ten people, and free permits are required on weekends and holidays from 1 May until 31 October each year. Permits are restricted to one stay per group per month, and for no longer than three days and two nights per visit.

[edit] Hunting and Fishing

Game animals such as deer, black bear, turkey and gray squirrel are common in the gorge. As part of the Pisgah Game Lands established by the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission, hunting is legal in the area in keeping with local seasons and hunting regulations. In actual practice, hunting in the Linville Gorge is fairly rare, due to the difficult, inaccessible terrain and the presence of campers and hikers who are often unfamiliar with hunting seasons.

The Linville River is included in the NC Wildlife trout stocking program, and fishermen are occasionally seen in the gorge seeking brown, brook, and rainbow trout. Once again however, the terrain requires a long hike down the steep sides of the gorge to reach the river, and a long difficult hike back, so fishing is more common on the river above and below the gorge section.

[edit] Climbing

Rock climbing is allowed anywhere in the area, but due to nesting Peregrine Falcons, certain areas are sometimes closed. Popular spots include, Table Rock, The Amphitheater, The North Carolina Wall, Shortoff Mountain and Hawksbill Mountain. For adventurous climbers the Gold Coast Cliffs are a relatively unclimbed section of the gorge lying across from the other areas. They require a long hike in and fortuitous circumstances.

[edit] Photo Gallery

Sunrise over Table Rock.	Babel Tower	Hawksbill and Sitting Bear as seen from Wiseman's View.	Linville Falls at the northern end of Linville Gorge.
Overlook at Wiseman's View.	The Linville Gorge as seen from the top of Table Rock.	Climbers in the Linville Gorge.	Dogback Ridge as seen from Wiseman's View.
Hawksbill Mountain as seen from Dogback Ridge.	Table Rock as seen from Dogback Ridge.	View of the Linville River.	Southern end of Linville Gorge.
Lake James and surrounding area from southern end of Linville Gorge.

[edit] See also

Blue Ridge Parkway

[edit] References

^ ^a ^b National Wilderness Preservation System Search. Retrieved on 2007-12-18.
^ Frankenberg, Dirk (2000). Exploring North Carolina's Natural Areas: Parks, Nature Preserves, and Hiking Trails. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 0-8078-4851-4.
^ ^a ^b Linville Gorge - Field Guide to Place Names. Retrieved on 2007-07-13.
^ Setzer, Lynn (2001). Great adventures in North Carolina. Birmingham, Ala: Menasha Ridge Press. ISBN 0-89732-391-2.
^ Frome, Michael (1994). Strangers in high places: the story of the Great Smoky Mountains. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press. ISBN 0-87049-806-1.