Lincoln's Lost Speech

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This plaque marks the site of the Lost Speech.
This plaque marks the site of the Lost Speech.

The speech known as Abraham Lincoln's "Lost Speech" was given on May 29, 1856 in Bloomington, Illinois, USA. Traditionally regarded as lost because it was so engaging that reporters neglected to take notes, the speech is believed to have been an impassioned condemnation of slavery. Modern-day interpretations have suggested the wording may have been too strong and thus purposely "lost".

Contents

[edit] Speech

[edit] Circumstances

Lincoln's Lost Speech was given at a since demolished building at the corner of East and Front Streets in downtown Bloomington, Illinois known as Major's Hall on May 29, 1856.[1] Lincoln gave the speech at an Anti-Nebraska convention in Bloomington that culminated with the founding of the state Republican Party.[1]

[edit] Content

There are no known transcripts or written accounts of the Lost Speech, other than a brief summary in local press. Eyewitnesses have offered snippets of some of Lincoln's content that day. William Herndon asserted that some of Lincoln's House Divided Speech was not based on new concepts at the time of its delivery. He wrote that Lincoln's "house divided against itself cannot stand" originated with the famous Bloomington speech of 1856.[2] Editor of the Chicago Tribune Joseph Medill claimed that Chicago lawyer Henry Clay Whitney's transcript of the speech was accurate; Whitney's version was later debunked.[3][4]

It is thought that the speech was a strongly worded derision of slavery.[5] It is known that Lincoln's condemnation of the expansion of slavery was strong.[6]

[edit] Why it was lost

The traditional reason given for the lack of any written recollection of the Lost Speech is that Lincoln's skilled and powerful oration had mesmerized every person in attendance. Reporters were said to have laid down their pencils and neglected note taking, as if hypnotized by Lincoln's words. When the speech ended no notes existed, so media reports of the day simply recorded the fact that the speech had been delivered.[4]

There is evidence in Herndon's recollections that the fact that the speech was "lost" may not have been an accident. So strongly worded was Lincoln's oration that others in attendance feared the words might lead to a crumbling of the Union and that Lincoln consented to suspending "its repetition" for the duration of the 1856 campaign.[2]

[edit] Whitney version

In 1896, Chicago attorney Henry Clay Whitney had his account of the speech published in an issue of McClure's Magazine.[7][8] Whitney claimed he had taken notes during the speech and based his version of the speech upon those notes.[8] Initially, Whitney's version was given some credibility. Ida Tarbell sought out Joseph Medill, who was present at the Lost Speech, and he claimed that Whitney's version displayed "remarkable accuracy".[3]

Tarbell was unwittingly carried away by the story, but others were skeptical. Former Lincoln private secretary John George Nicolay declared Whitney's version devoid of Lincoln's style and a fraud.[4] Robert Lincoln, Abraham's son, agreed with Nicolay's assessment.[4] In 1900, the McLean County Historical Society[9] declared their skepticism.[10] In modern times, Lincoln researcher and Director of the Chicago Historical Society Paul M. Angle exposed Whitney's version of the speech and his claims of its validity as a "fabrication".[4]

[edit] Importance

Lincoln's Lost Speech was famous, with a status considered legendary by the time Tarbell became enamored with Whitney's version of the speech.[4] Lincoln was said to have spoken "like a giant inspired" and the tale of how the speech came to be lost was well known.[4] Many who saw the speech considered it the greatest speech of Lincoln's life.[11] Given at the first state convention, which essentially founded the Illinois Republican Party, the speech thrust Lincoln into the national political limelight.[11][6]

Though the speech was known as the Lost Speech its content influenced people nonetheless. Those who heard it were often asked to repeat what they heard and a frenzied group of supporters spearheaded Lincoln's drive toward a second place finish among U.S. vice presidential candidates in 1856.[12]

[edit] Notes

  1. ^ a b Federal Writer's Project, Illnois: A Descriptive and Historical Guide, (Google Books), A.C. McClurg & Company, Chicago: 1939, p. 164, (ISBN 1603540121).
  2. ^ a b Briggs, John Channing. Lincoln's Speeches Reconsidered, (Google Books), JHU Press, 2005, pp. 165–66, (ISBN 0801881064).
  3. ^ a b Tarbell, Ida M. All In a Day's Work: An Autobiography, (Google Books), 2003, University of Illinois Press, p. 173, (ISBN 0252071360).
  4. ^ a b c d e f g Peterson, Merrill D. Lincoln in American Memory, (Google Books), Oxford University Press, 1994, p. 154, (ISBN 0195096452).
  5. ^ "The Historical Significance of Downtown Bloomington", Our History, Downtown Bloomington Association, accessed April 18, 2008.
  6. ^ a b Cima, Greg. "Inspiration found in 'lost speech'", The Pantagraph (Bloomington, Illinois), May 30, 2006, accessed April 18, 2008.
  7. ^ Lincoln, Abraham, Whitney, Henry Clay and Medill, Joseph. "Lincoln's Lost Speech", Now First Published from the Unique Report", (Google Books), McClure's Magazine, S.S. McClure, September 1896, pp. 319–31.
  8. ^ a b Whitney, Henry Clay and Miller, Marion Mills. Life of Lincoln (Google Books), The Baker & Taylor Company, New York: 1908, pp. 327–52.
  9. ^ The location of the speech, Bloomington, Illinois, is found in McLean County.
  10. ^ Prince, Ezra M., ed. Meeting of May 29, 1900 Commemorative of the Convention of May 29, 1856 That Organized the Republican party in the State of Illinois (Transactions of the McLean County Historical Society v. 3), 1900, Abraham Lincoln Historical Digitization Project, Northern Illinois University, accessed April 18, 2008.
  11. ^ a b Angle, Paul M. Abraham Lincoln by Some Men Who Knew Him, (Google Books), Ayer Publishing, 1950, pp. 29–30, (ISBN 083691242X).
  12. ^ Wheeler, Samuel P. "Adultery, Murder and Lincoln," Illinois Times, December 27, 2007, accessed April 18, 2088.

[edit] Further reading

  • Crissey, Elwell. Lincoln's Lost Speech: The Pivot Of His Career, New York: 1967, Hawthorn Books, Inc.
  • Fenster, Julie M. The Case of Abraham Lincoln: A Story of Adultery, Murder, and the Making of a Great President, (Google Books), Palgrave Macmillan, 2007, (ISBN 140397635X).
  • Randall, J.G. "Life on the Circuit with Lincoln by Henry Clay Whitney" - Book review, (JSTOR), The American Historical Review, Vol. 46, No. 1 October 1940, pp. 172–3