Leukotriene C4 synthase

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Leukotriene C4 synthase
Identifiers
Symbol(s) LTC4S; MGC33147
External IDs OMIM: 246530 MGI: 107498 HomoloGene: 7406
EC number 4.4.1.20
Orthologs
Human Mouse
Entrez 4056 17001
Ensembl n/a ENSMUSG00000020377
Uniprot n/a Q5SVR7
Refseq NM_145867 (mRNA)
NP_665874 (protein)		 NM_008521 (mRNA)
NP_032547 (protein)
Location n/a Chr 11: 50.08 - 50.08 Mb
Pubmed search [1] [2]

Leukotriene C4 synthase, also known as LTC4S, is a human gene.[1]

The protein encoded by this gene, LTC4S (or glutathione S-transferase II) is an enzyme which converts leukotriene A4 and glutathione to create leukotriene C4. This is a member of MAPEG family of transmembrane proteins.

A trimer of Leukotriene C4 synthase is localized on the outer nuclear membrane and endoplasmic reticulum where it forms a complex with 5-Lipoxygenase activating protein. This protein is remotely related to microsomal glutathione S-transferase.

The MAPEG (Membrane Associated Proteins in Eicosanoid and Glutathione metabolism) family includes a number of human proteins, several of which are involved the production of leukotrienes. This gene encodes an enzyme that catalyzes the first step in the biosynthesis of cysteinyl leukotrienes, potent biological compounds derived from arachidonic acid. Leukotrienes have been implicated as mediators of anaphylaxis and inflammatory conditions such as human bronchial asthma. This protein localizes to the nuclear envelope and adjacent endoplasmic reticulum.[1]

Eicosanoid synthesis. (Leukotrienes at right.)
Eicosanoid synthesis. (Leukotrienes at right.)

[edit] References

  1. ^ a b Entrez Gene: LTC4S leukotriene C4 synthase.

[edit] Further reading

  • Penrose JF (1999). "LTC4 synthase. Enzymology, biochemistry, and molecular characterization.". Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology 17 (1-2): 133–52. PMID 10436863. 
  • Penrose JF, Austen KF (2000). "The biochemical, molecular, and genomic aspects of leukotriene C4 synthase.". Proc. Assoc. Am. Physicians 111 (6): 537–46. PMID 10591082. 
  • Jakobsson PJ, Morgenstern R, Mancini J, et al. (2000). "Membrane-associated proteins in eicosanoid and glutathione metabolism (MAPEG). A widespread protein superfamily.". Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 161 (2 Pt 2): S20–4. PMID 10673221. 
  • Bigby TD (2000). "The leukotriene C(4) synthase gene and asthma.". Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 23 (3): 273–6. PMID 10970815. 
  • Penrose JF, Gagnon L, Goppelt-Struebe M, et al. (1993). "Purification of human leukotriene C4 synthase.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 89 (23): 11603–6. PMID 1454853. 
  • Nicholson DW, Ali A, Klemba MW, et al. (1992). "Human leukotriene C4 synthase expression in dimethyl sulfoxide-differentiated U937 cells.". J. Biol. Chem. 267 (25): 17849–57. PMID 1517222. 
  • Penrose JF, Spector J, Lam BK, et al. (1995). "Purification of human lung leukotriene C4 synthase and preparation of a polyclonal antibody.". Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 152 (1): 283–9. PMID 7599836. 
  • Söderström M, Morgenstern R, Hammarström S (1995). "Protein-protein interaction affinity chromatography of leukotriene C4 synthase.". Protein Expr. Purif. 6 (3): 352–6. doi:10.1006/prep.1995.1046. PMID 7663172. 
  • Welsch DJ, Creely DP, Hauser SD, et al. (1994). "Molecular cloning and expression of human leukotriene-C4 synthase.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91 (21): 9745–9. PMID 7937884. 
  • Lam BK, Penrose JF, Freeman GJ, Austen KF (1994). "Expression cloning of a cDNA for human leukotriene C4 synthase, an integral membrane protein conjugating reduced glutathione to leukotriene A4.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91 (16): 7663–7. PMID 8052639. 
  • Nicholson DW, Ali A, Vaillancourt JP, et al. (1993). "Purification to homogeneity and the N-terminal sequence of human leukotriene C4 synthase: a homodimeric glutathione S-transferase composed of 18-kDa subunits.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 90 (5): 2015–9. PMID 8446623. 
  • Penrose JF, Spector J, Baldasaro M, et al. (1996). "Molecular cloning of the gene for human leukotriene C4 synthase. Organization, nucleotide sequence, and chromosomal localization to 5q35.". J. Biol. Chem. 271 (19): 11356–61. PMID 8626689. 
  • Bigby TD, Hodulik CR, Arden KC, Fu L (1997). "Molecular cloning of the human leukotriene C4 synthase gene and assignment to chromosome 5q35.". Mol. Med. 2 (5): 637–46. PMID 8898379. 
  • Scoggan KA, Jakobsson PJ, Ford-Hutchinson AW (1997). "Production of leukotriene C4 in different human tissues is attributable to distinct membrane bound biosynthetic enzymes.". J. Biol. Chem. 272 (15): 10182–7. PMID 9092565. 
  • Sala A, Folco G, Henson PM, Murphy RC (1997). "Pharmacological modulation of human platelet leukotriene C4-synthase.". Biochem. Pharmacol. 53 (6): 905–8. PMID 9113110. 
  • Spanbroek R, Stark HJ, Janssen-Timmen U, et al. (1998). "5-Lipoxygenase expression in Langerhans cells of normal human epidermis.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95 (2): 663–8. PMID 9435249. 

[edit] External links

MeSH leukotriene-C4+synthase

UMich Orientation of Proteins in Membranes families/superfamily-199 - Eicosanoid and Glutathione metabolism protein family (MAPEG)

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Carbon-sulfur lyases (EC 4.4)
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Metabolism: lipid metabolism - eicosanoid metabolism enzymes
Prostanoids
Leukotrienes