Leukocoria

A normal human fundus

A fundus with retinoblastoma

Leukocoria (also leukokoria^[1]) is an abnormal white reflection from the retina. Despite its color, the reflection is related to the familiar red-eye effect, not to eyeshine. Leukocoria can be detected by routine medical ophthalmoscopy. Usually, when a light is shone through the iris,^{[citation needed]} the retina appears red to the observer. In leukocoria, the retina abnormally appears white. This may indicate congenital cataracts, retrolental fibroplasia, corneal scarring, retinoblastoma, ocular toxocariasis, persistence of the tunica vasculosa lentis (PFV/PHPV), Coats' disease, Norrie disease, melanoma of the ciliary body^[2], etc. Because of the potential life threatening nature of retinoblastoma, a cancer, that condition is usually considered in the evaluation of leukocoria.

[edit] References

^ thefreedictionary.com
^ Demirci H et al. Leucocoria as the presenting sign of a ciliary body melanoma in a child. Br J Ophthalmol 2001;85:115-6. PMID 11201946.

v • d • e Sensory system – Visual system – Eye

Fibrous tunic (outer)	Conjunctiva • Sclera • Schlemm's canal • Trabecular meshwork • Limbus Cornea (Epithelium, Bowman's, Stroma, Descemet's, Endothelium)

Uvea (middle)	Choroid (Ciliary processes, Choriocapillaris, Bruch's membrane) • Iris (Stroma) • Pupil • Ciliary body

Retina (inner)	Macula • Fovea • Optic disc • Tapetum lucidum

Anterior segment	Anterior chamber • Aqueous humour • Posterior chamber • Lens

Posterior segment	Vitreous humour • Zonule of Zinn

Intraocular muscles	parasympathetic (Ciliary muscle, Iris sphincter muscle) • sympathetic (Iris dilator muscle)

Appearance phenomena of the eye	Eyeshine • Leukocoria • Red-eye effect • Red reflex

Appearance phenomena by the eye	Color appearance (Abney effect • Bezold-Brücke shift • Chromatic adaptation • Purkinje effect)