Letter bomb
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A mailbomb (or mail bomb), also called parcel bomb, letter bomb or post bomb, is an explosive device sent via the postal service, and designed with the intention to injure or kill the recipient when opened. They have been used in indiscriminate terrorist attacks such as those of the Unabomber. Some countries have agencies whose duties include the interdiction of mail bombs and the investigation of mail bombings[1].The mail bomb may have been in use for nearly as long as the common postal service has been in existence, as far back as 1764 (see Examples).
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[edit] Description
Mail bombs are usually designed to explode immediately on opening, with the intention of seriously injuring or killing the recipient (who may or may not be the person to whom the bomb was addressed). A related threat is mail containing unidentified powders or chemicals, as in the 2001 anthrax attacks.
[edit] Examples
- One of the world's first mailbombs is mentioned in the 18th century diary of Danish official and historian Bolle Willum Luxdorph. His diary mainly consists of concise references to news from Denmark and abroad. In the entry for January 19, 1764 he writes the following: Colonel Poulsen residing at Børglum abbey was sent by mail a box. When he opens it, therein is to be found gunpowder and a firelock which sets fire unto it, so he became very injured. The entry for February 15 same year says:Colonel Poulsen receives a letter in German, [saying] that soon the dose will be increased. It is referring to the dose of gunpowder in the box. The perpetrator was never found[2]. In a later reference Luxdorph has found a mention of a like bomb being used also in 1764, but in Savona in Italy[3].
- A Swedish man named Martin Ekenberg used a mailbomb August 20, 1904, targeting CEO Karl Fredrik Lundin in Stockholm. It was made of a box loaded with bullets and explosives.[4]
- Austrian Nazi war criminal Alois Brunner was sent a letter bomb by the Israeli intellegence services Mossad, to which he lost an eye and several fingers.
- Theodore Kaczynski, the "Unabomber", killed three and injured 23 in a series of mailbombings in the United States from the late 1970s to the early 1990s.
- Franz Fuchs, Austrian mailbomber, killed four and injured 15 with mailbombs and improvised explosive devices in the mid-1990s.
- Singer Björk was sent a letter bomb charged with explosives and hydrochloric acid by fan Ricardo López in 1996. The bomb did not reach Björk, having been randomly intercepted by London Police.
- In February 2007, a series of mailbombings in the United Kingdom injured nine people, though none of them were critically hurt.
- In January and February 2007, a bomber calling himself "The Bishop" sent several unassembled bombs to financial firms in the United States, and was arrested in April 2007
- In August 2007, a Lebanese immigrant was charged in connection with a letter bomb ring in the Toronto-Guelph, ON area; he was responsible for injuring 1 person. He was also responsible for the precautionary closing of a portion of the Don Valley Parkway in Toronto on August 31, 2007
[edit] Patentability
Letter-bombs, along with anti-personnel mines, are typical examples of subject-matter excluded from patentability under the European Patent Convention, because the publication or exploitation of such inventions are contrary to the "ordre public" and/or morality (Article 53(a) EPC).[5]
[edit] References
- ^ *(USPIS) In the United States, the Postal Inspection Service is responsible for investigating the use, or threat of use, of mail bombs, harmful chemicals and dangerous devices sent through the postal system.
- ^ Eiler Nystrøm(ed.) - Luxdorphs Dagbøger, volume I, p. 207 & 209, Copenhagen, 1915
- ^ Luxdorphs Dagbøger, volume I, p. 293. The reference Luxdorph mentions is this: Theatrum Europæum, tome XI, p. 745 column 2, fin
- ^ *[1] (Swedish)
- ^ European Patent Office, Guidelines for Examination in the European Patent Office. C IV 3.1 Matter contrary to ordre public or morality, Germany, June 2005, ISBN 3-89605-074-5.
