Leaf-warbler

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Leaf-warblers

Willow Warbler
Phylloscopus trochilus

Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Passeriformes
Family:	Phylloscopidae
Genus:	Phylloscopus Boie, 1826

Species

Some 55-60; see text.

Leaf-warblers are small insectivorous birds belonging to the genus Phylloscopus. This was placed in the "wastebin" Old World warbler family, but is now moved into a new family Phylloscopidae (Alström et al. 2006). There are presently some 55 species in the genus, but this composition makes it polyphyletic with regards to Seicercus. Thus, several species will soon be moved out of the present genus.

These are active, constantly moving, warblers always associated with trees, though normally in fairly open woodland rather than tight plantations. They occur from top canopy to undershrubs. Most of the species are markedly territorial both in their summer and winter quarters.

Most are greenish or brownish above and off-white or yellowish below. Compared to some other "warblers", their songs are very simple

Species breeding in temperate regions are usually strongly migratory.

The species traditionally placed in Phylloscopus are:

Red-faced Woodland-warbler, Phylloscopus laetus
Laura's Woodland-warbler, Phylloscopus laurae
Yellow-throated Woodland-warbler, Phylloscopus ruficapilla
Uganda Woodland-warbler, Phylloscopus budongoensis
Brown Woodland-warbler, Phylloscopus umbrovirens
Black-capped Woodland-warbler, Phylloscopus herberti
Willow Warbler, Phylloscopus trochilus
Canary Islands Chiffchaff, Phylloscopus canariensis
- Eastern Canary Islands Chiffchaff, Phylloscopus canariensis exsul - extinct (1986?)
Common Chiffchaff, Phylloscopus collybita
- Siberian Chiffchaff, Phylloscopus (collybita) tristis
Iberian Chiffchaff, Phylloscopus brehmii
Mountain Chiffchaff, Phylloscopus sindianus
Plain Leaf-warbler, Phylloscopus neglectus
Western Bonelli's Warbler, Phylloscopus bonelli
Eastern Bonelli's Warbler, Phylloscopus orientalis
Wood Warbler, Phylloscopus sibilatrix
Dusky Warbler, Phylloscopus fuscatus
Smoky Warbler, Phylloscopus fuligiventer
Tickell's Leaf-warbler, Phylloscopus affinis
Buff-throated Warbler, Phylloscopus subaffinis
Sulphur-bellied Warbler, Phylloscopus griseolus
Yellow-streaked Warbler, Phylloscopus armandii
Radde's Warbler, Phylloscopus schwarzi
Buff-barred Warbler, Phylloscopus pulcher
Ashy-throated Warbler, Phylloscopus maculipennis
Pallas's Warbler, Phylloscopus proregulus
Pale-rumped Warbler or Lemon-rumped Warbler, Phylloscopus chloronotus
- Simla Leaf-warbler, Phylloscopus (chloronotus) simlaensis
Gansu Leaf-warbler, Phylloscopus kansuensis
Chinese Leaf-warbler, Phylloscopus yunnanensis - P. sichuanensis is a junior synonym
Brooks' Leaf-warbler, Phylloscopus subviridis
Yellow-browed Warbler, Phylloscopus inornatus
Hume's Leaf-warbler, Phylloscopus humei
- Mandell's Leaf-warbler, Phylloscopus (humei) mandelli
Arctic Warbler, Phylloscopus borealis
Greenish Warbler, Phylloscopus trochiloides
- Dull-green Warbler, Phylloscopus (trochiloides) obscuratus
- Two-barred Warbler, Phylloscopus (trochiloides) plumbeitarsus
- Western Greenish Warbler, Phylloscopus (trochiloides) viridanus
- Green Warbler or Bright-green Warbler, Phylloscopus (trochiloides) nitidus
Pale-legged Leaf-warbler, Phylloscopus tenellipes
Sakhalin Leaf-warbler, Phylloscopus borealoides
Large-billed Leaf Warbler, Phylloscopus magnirostris
Tytler's Leaf-warbler, Phylloscopus tytleri
Western Crowned Warbler, Phylloscopus occipitalis
Eastern Crowned Warbler, Phylloscopus coronatus
Izu Leaf-warbler, Phylloscopus ijimae
Blyth's Leaf-warbler, Phylloscopus reguloides
Hainan Leaf-warbler, Phylloscopus hainanus
Emei Leaf-warbler, Phylloscopus emeiensis
Davison's Leaf-warbler or White-tailed Leaf-warbler, Phylloscopus davisoni
Yellow-vented Warbler, Phylloscopus cantator
Sulphur-breasted Warbler, Phylloscopus ricketti
Lemon-throated Leaf-warbler, Phylloscopus cebuensis
Mountain Leaf-warbler, Phylloscopus trivirgatus
Sulawesi Leaf-warbler, Phylloscopus sarasinorum
Timor Leaf-warbler, Phylloscopus presbytes
Island Leaf-warbler, Phylloscopus poliocephalus
Philippine Leaf-warbler, Phylloscopus olivaceus
Makira Leaf-warbler or San Cristobal Leaf-warbler, Phylloscopus makirensis
Sombre Leaf-warbler or Kulambangra Leaf-warbler, Phylloscopus amoenus

[edit] References

Alström, Per; Ericson, Per G.P.; Olsson, Urban & Sundberg, Per (2006): Phylogeny and classification of the avian superfamily Sylvioidea. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 38(2): 381–397. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2005.05.015

Badyaev Alexander V. & Leaf, Elizabeth S. (1997): Habitat associations of song characteristics in Phylloscopus and Hippolais warblers. Auk 114(1): 40-46. PDF fulltext

Del Hoyo, J.; Elliot, A. & Christie D. (editors). (2006). Handbook of the Birds of the World. Volume 11: Old World Flycatchers to Old World Warblers. Lynx Edicions. ISBN 849655306X.