Lauren Bacall

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

"Bacall" redirects here. For other uses, see Bacall (disambiguation).
Lauren Bacall

Born Betty Joan Perske
September 16, 1924 (1924-09-16) (age 83)
New York City, New York, United States
Years active 1944 - present
Spouse(s) Humphrey Bogart (1945-1957)
Jason Robards (1961-1969)

Betty Joan Perske (born September 16, 1924), better known as Lauren Bacall, is a Golden Globe– and Tony Award–winning, as well as Academy Award–nominated, American film and stage actress and model. Known for her husky voice and sultry looks, she became a fashion icon in the 1940s and has continued acting to the present day.

She is perhaps best known for being a film noir leading lady in films such as The Big Sleep (1946) and Dark Passage (1947), as well as a comedienne, as seen in 1953's How to Marry a Millionaire. Bacall also enjoyed success starring in the Broadway musicals Applause in 1970 and Woman of the Year in 1981.

Contents

[edit] Career

[edit] Early life

Bacall was born Betty Joan Perske in New York City, the only child of Natalie (née Bacal or Weinstein), a secretary, and William Perske, who worked in sales.[1] Her parents were Jewish immigrants, their families having come from France, Poland, Romania and Germany.[2][3] Her first cousin is former Prime Minister and current President of Israel Shimon Peres. Her parents divorced when she was six. Bacall no longer saw her father and formed a bond with her mother, whom she took with her to California when she became a movie star.

Bacall studied acting for thirteen years, taking lessons at the American Academy of Dramatic Arts. During this time, she became a theater usher and worked as a fashion model. As Betty Bacall, she made her acting debut on Broadway in 1942, in Johnny 2 X 4. According to her autobiography, Bacall met her idol Bette Davis at Davis's hotel. Years later, Davis visited Bacall backstage to congratulate her on her performance in Applause, a musical based on Davis's turn in All About Eve.

Bacall became a part-time fashion model. Howard Hawks's wife Slim spotted her on the cover of Harper's Bazaar and showed the photo to her husband, who invited Bacall to Hollywood for a screen test.

[edit] The breakthrough

Lauren Bacall in her first film, To Have and Have Not. Hoagy Carmichael is in the background playing piano
Lauren Bacall in her first film, To Have and Have Not. Hoagy Carmichael is in the background playing piano

Hawks gave her the first name Lauren. After several screen tests, he cast her in To Have and Have Not (1944). She was nervous, so to minimize her quivering, she pressed her chin against her chest and tilted her eyes upward to face the camera. This effect became known as 'The Look', Bacall's trademark.[4] To Have and Have Not made Bacall a star. Her turn in the film has later been acknowledged as one of the most powerful on-screen debuts in film history.[5]

On the set, Bacall met Humphrey Bogart. Bogart, who was married to Mayo Methot, initiated a relationship with Bacall some weeks into shooting and they began to see each other off set.

The 20-year-old Bacall made worldwide headlines on a visit to the National Press Club in Washington, D.C. on 10 February 1945. Her press agent Charlie Enfield, chief of publicity at Warner Bros., asked her to sit on the piano which was being played by then Vice-President of the United States Harry S. Truman. The photos of the incident caused controversy.[6]

After To Have and Have Not, Bacall was seen opposite Charles Boyer in the critically panned[7] Confidential Agent (1945). She then appeared with Bogart in three more pictures: the film noir The Big Sleep (1946), the thriller Dark Passage (1947), and John Huston's melodramatic suspense film Key Largo (1948). She was also cast with Gary Cooper in the adventure tale Bright Leaf (1950).

[edit] 1950s

Bacall kept turning down scripts she didn't find interesting. This earned her a reputation for being difficult to deal with. Yet she continued to get favorable reviews for her leads in a string of significant films. In Young Man with a Horn (1950), co-starring Doris Day and Kirk Douglas, Bacall played a two-faced femme fatale, with more than a hint of lesbianism to her character.[8] This movie is often considered the first big-budget jazz film.[9]

In 1953 Bacall starred in the CinemaScope comedy How to Marry a Millionaire, a runaway hit[10] that saw her teaming up with Marilyn Monroe and Betty Grable. Bacall got positive notices for her turn as the witty gold-digger, Schatze Page.[11] According to her autobiography, Bacall refused to press her hand- and footprints in the cemented forecourt of Grauman's Chinese Theatre at the Los Angeles premiere of the film.

Written on the Wind, directed by Douglas Sirk in 1956, is now considered a classic tear-jerker.[12] Teaming up with Rock Hudson, Dorothy Malone and Robert Stack, Bacall played a determined soap opera woman. Bacall states in her autobiography that she didn't think much of the role. While struggling at home with Bogart's severe illness (cancer of the esophagus), Bacall starred with Gregory Peck in the 1957 slapstick comedy Designing Woman for rave reviews.[citation needed] It was directed by Vincente Minnelli.

[edit] 1960s and 1970s

Bacall in Murder on the Orient Express
Bacall in Murder on the Orient Express

In the 1960s, Bacall's movie career waned, and she was only seen in a handful of films. But on Broadway she starred in Goodbye, Charlie (1959), Cactus Flower (1965), Applause (1970) and Woman of the Year (1981). She won Tony Awards for her performances in the latter two. The few movies Bacall shot during this period were all-star vehicles such as Sex and the Single Girl (1964) with Henry Fonda, Tony Curtis and Natalie Wood, Harper (1966) with Paul Newman and Janet Leigh, and Murder on the Orient Express (1974), with Ingrid Bergman, Albert Finney and Sean Connery.

For her work in the Chicago theatre, she won the Sarah Siddons Award in 1972 and again in 1984. In 1976, Bacall co-starred with John Wayne in his last picture, The Shootist. The two became friends, even though Wayne was politically conservative and Bacall was a liberal. They had previously been cast together in 1955's Blood Alley.

[edit] Later career

During the 1980's, Bacall appeared in the poorly received star vehicle The Fan (1981) as well as some star-studded features such as Robert Altman's Health (1980) and Michael Winner's Appointment with Death (1988). In 1997, Bacall was nominated for a Best Supporting Actress Academy Award for her role in The Mirror Has Two Faces (1996), for which she had already won a Golden Globe. She was widely expected to win the award, which went to Juliette Binoche for The English Patient.

She received the Kennedy Center Honors in 1997. In 1999, she was voted one of the 25 most significant female movie stars in history by the American Film Institute. Since then, her movie career has seen a new renaissance and she has attracted respectful notices for her performances in high-profile projects such as Dogville (2003) with Nicole Kidman, The Limit (2003) with Claire Forlani, and Birth (2004), again with Kidman. She is one of the leading actors in Paul Schrader's 2007 movie The Walker.

In March 2006, she was seen at the 78th Annual Academy Awards introducing a film montage dedicated to the film noir genre. She also made a cameo appearance on The Sopranos in April 2006, during which she was punched and robbed by a masked Christopher Moltisanti.

In September 2006, Bacall was awarded the first Katharine Hepburn Medal, which recognizes "women whose lives, work and contributions embody the intelligence, drive and independence of the four-time-Oscar-winning actress", by Bryn Mawr College's Katharine Houghton Hepburn Center.[13] She gave an address at the memorial service of Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr at the Reform Club in London in June 2007.

Bacall is the spokesperson for the Tuesday Morning discount chain. Commercials show her in a limousine waiting for the store to open at the beginning of one of their sales events.

[edit] Personal life

On May 21, 1945, Bacall married Humphrey Bogart. Their wedding and honeymoon took place at Malabar Farm, Lucas, Ohio. It was the country home of Pulitzer Prize-winning author Louis Bromfield, a close friend of Bogart. The wedding was held in the Big House. Bacall was 20 and Bogart was 45. They remained married until Bogart's death from cancer in 1957. Bogart usually called Bacall "Baby", even when referring to her in conversations with other people. During the filming of The African Queen in 1951, Bacall and Bogart became friends of Bogart's co-star Katharine Hepburn and her partner Spencer Tracy. Bacall also began to mix in non-acting circles, becoming friends with the historian Arthur Schlesinger, Jr. and the journalist Alistair Cooke. In 1952, she gave campaign speeches for Democratic Presidential contender Adlai Stevenson.

Shortly after Bogart's death in 1957, Bacall had a relationship with singer and actor Frank Sinatra. She told Robert Osborne of Turner Classic Movies (TCM) in an interview that she had ended the romance. However, in her autobiography, she wrote that Sinatra abruptly ended the relationship, having become angry that the story of his proposal to Bacall had reached the press. Bacall and her friend Swifty Lazar had run into the gossip columnist Louella Parsons, to whom Lazar had spilled the beans. Sinatra then cut Bacall off and went to Las Vegas.

Bacall was married to actor Jason Robards from 1961 to 1969. According to Bacall's autobiography, she divorced Robards mainly because of his alcoholism. Bacall had two children with Bogart and one child with Robards. Her children with Bogart are Stephen Bogart, a news producer, documentary film maker and author, and daughter Leslie Bogart, a leading yoga instructor. Sam Robards, her son with Robards, is an actor.

After Robards, Bacall has not married. In her autobiography Now, she recalls having a relationship with Len Cariou, her co-star in Applause.

Bacall has written two autobiographies, Lauren Bacall By Myself (1978) and Now (1994). In 2005, she re-published the first volume and updated it with an extra chapter. She released it as By Myself and Then Some.

[edit] Quotes

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to:

Bacall is known for speaking out her mind and her sarcastic remarks on her colleagues and peers. She has also delivered some of the most famous lines in movie history.

[edit] Movie quotes

From To Have and Have Not (1944): "You know you don't have to act with me, Steve. You don't have to say anything and you don't have to do anything. Not a thing. Oh, maybe just whistle. You know how to whistle, don't you, Steve? You just put your lips together and blow."

From The Big Sleep (1946): Humphrey Bogart: "What's wrong with you?" Lauren Bacall: "Nothing you can't fix."

From How to Marry a Millionaire (1953): "Look at that old fellow, what's his name, in The African Queen. Absolutely crazy about him!" (in reference to her then-husband, Bogart)

[edit] On Howard Hawks

Of Mr. Hawks, Bacall told Larry King on CNN:

  • "He was a Svengali. He wanted to mold me. He wanted to control me. And he did until Mr. Bogart got involved."

[edit] On Frank Sinatra

She told Turner Classic Movies host Robert Osborne:

  • "He was a womanizer, he wanted to be in the sack with everybody and I liked that."

She said of Sinatra to Larry King:

  • "Well, his attention span was not long, shall we say."

[edit] On her political leanings

From the Larry King interview:

  • Bacall: "I'm a total Democrat. I'm anti-Republican. And it's only fair that you know it."
  • King: "Wait a minute. Are you a liberal?"
  • Bacall: "I'm a liberal. The L word!"

Bacall was a staunch opponent of McCarthyism along with other Hollywood figures such as Humphrey Bogart.

[edit] On Tom Cruise

From the 8 August 2005 issue of Time:

  • "When you talk about a great actor, you're not talking about Tom Cruise. His whole behavior is so shocking. It's inappropriate and vulgar and absolutely unacceptable to use your private life to sell anything commercially, but, I think it's kind of a sickness."

[edit] Political views

Bacall appeared alongside Humphrey Bogart in a photograph printed at the end of an article he wrote titled "I'm No Communist" in the May 1948 edition of Photoplay magazine,[14] written to counteract negative publicity resulting from his appearance before the House Unamerican Activities Committee. In October 1947, Bacall and Bogart traveled to Washington, DC along with other Hollywood stars, in a group that called itself the Committee for the First Amendment. In the article, Bogart distances himself from the Hollywood Ten.

[edit] Dramatization of Bacall

In 1980, Kathryn Harrold played Bacall in the TV movie Bogie that was directed by Vincent Sherman and was based on the novel by Joe Hymans. Kevin O'Connor played Bogart, and the movie focused primarily upon the disintegration of Bogart's third marriage to Mayo Methot, played by Ann Wedgeworth, when Bogart met Bacall and began an affair with her.

[edit] Bacall in popular culture

The conclusion of the Bugs Bunny cartoon Slick Hare (1947) features a blonde likeness of Bacall, addressed by both Bogart and Bugs as "Baby". Bacall is also featured in a cartoon spoof of To Have and Have Not called Bacall to Arms (1946), which stars "Laurie Becool" and "Bogey Gocart" in a film within the cartoon.

In the Andrew Lloyd Webber musical Evita, the song "Rainbow High" has the character of Eva Peron singing "Lauren Bacall me" when she orders her stylist to dress her up for her trip to Europe.

She is mentioned in the chorus for the song "Car Jamming" by punk rock act The Clash.

She is also mentioned in the Madonna song "Vogue", along with other style icons of past decades.

Bon Jovi song "Captain Crash And The Beauty Queen From Mars" mentions her and Bogart.

The Bertie Higgins hit song "Key Largo" refrains "We had it all, just like Bogie and Bacall."

Bacall was shown on an episode of The Simpsons, "Smoke on the Daughter". She appeared to Lisa in the form of a ghost

[edit] Filmography

[edit] Features

Year Title Role Notes
1944 To Have and Have Not Marie 'Slim' Browning
1945 Confidential Agent Rose Cullen
1946 The Big Sleep Vivian Sternwood Rutledge
1947 Dark Passage Irene Jansen
1948 Key Largo Nora Temple
1950 Young Man with a Horn Amy North
Bright Leaf Sonia Kovac
1953 How to Marry a Millionaire Schatze Page
1954 Woman's World Elizabeth Burns
1955 The Cobweb Meg Faversen Rinehart
Blood Alley Cathy Grainger
1956 Blithe Spirit Elvira Condomine
Patterns Lobby lady near elevators (uncredited)
Written on the Wind Lucy Moore Hadley
1957 Designing Woman Marilla Brown Hagen
1958 The Gift of Love Julie Beck
1959 Northwest Frontier Catherine Wyatt
1964 Shock Treatment Dr. Edwina Beighley
Sex and the Single Girl Sylvia Broderick
1966 Harper Elaine Sampson
1973 Applause Margo Channing
1974 Murder on the Orient Express Mrs. Harriet Belinda Hubbard
1976 The Shootist Bond Rogers
1978 Perfect Gentleman Mrs. Lizzie Martin
1980 HealtH Esther Brill
1981 The Fan Sally Ross
1988 Appointment with Death Lady Westholme
Mr. North Mrs. Cranston
1989 John Huston: The Man, the Movies, the Maverick (documentary)
Tree of Hands Marsha Archdale
Dinner at Eight Carlotta Vance
Year Title Role Notes
1990 Misery Marcia Sindell
1991 A Star for Two
All I Want for Christmas Lillian Brooks
1993 The Portrait Fanny Church
The Parallax Garden (unknown)
A Foreign Field Lisa
1994 Prêt-à-Porter: Ready to Wear Slim Chrysler
1995 From the Mixed-Up Files of Mrs. Basil E. Frankweiler Mrs. Basil E. Frankweiler
1996 The Mirror Has Two Faces Hannah Morgan Academy Award Nomination for Best Supporting Actress
My Fellow Americans Margaret Kramer
1997 Day and Night Sonia
1999 Get Bruce (documentary)
Too Rich: The Secret Life of Doris Duke Doris Duke (elderly)
Madeline: Lost in Paris Madame Lacroque (voice)
The Venice Project Countess Camilla Volta
Presence of Mind Mado Remei
Diamonds Sin-Dee
A Conversation with Gregory Peck (documentary)
2003 The Limit May Markham
Dogville Ma Ginger
2004 Howl's Moving Castle Witch of the Waste (voice)
Birth Eleanor
2005 Firedog Posche (voice)
Manderlay Mam
2006 These Foolish Things Dame Lydia
The Sopranos Appearance
as herself		 Installment 72 - "Luxury Lounge"
2007 The Walker Natalie Van Miter
2008 Wide Blue Yonder May (post-production)

[edit] Short subjects

  • 1955 Motion Picture Theatre Celebration (1955)
  • Amália Traïda (2004)

[edit] Selected stage appearances

  • January Two by Four (1942)
  • Goodbye Charlie (1959)
  • Cactus Flower (1965)
  • Applause (1970)
  • V.I.P. Night on Broadway (1979) (benefit concert)
  • Woman of the Year (1981)
  • Angela Lansbury: A Celebration (1996) (benefit concert)
  • Waiting in the Wings (1999)
Awards
Preceded by
Angela Lansbury
in Dear World		 Tony Award for Best Leading Actress in a Musical
1970
for Applause		 Succeeded by
Helen Gallagher
in No, No Nanette
Preceded by
Patti LuPone
in Evita		 Tony Award for Best Leading Actress in a Musical
1981
for Woman of the Year		 Succeeded by
Jennifer Holliday
in Dreamgirls
Preceded by
Anthony Perkins		 Donostia Award, San Sebastian International Film Festival
1992		 Succeeded by
Robert Mitchum
Preceded by
Robert Mitchum		 Cecil B. DeMille Award
1993		 Succeeded by
Robert Redford
Preceded by
Mira Sorvino
for Mighty Aphrodite		 Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress - Motion Picture
1996
for The Mirror Has Two Faces		 Succeeded by
Kim Basinger
for L.A. Confidential
Preceded by
Kate Winslet
for Sense and Sensibility		 Screen Actors Guild Award for Best Supporting Actress - Motion Picture
1996
for The Mirror Has Two Faces		 Succeeded by
Kim Basinger for L.A. Confidential
and
Gloria Stuart for Titanic

[edit] Television work

[edit] Books by Lauren Bacall

  • By Myself (1978)
  • Now (1994)
  • By Myself and Then Some (2005)

[edit] Awards and nominations

She has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame (at 1724 Vine Street).

[edit] See also

[edit] References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:
  1. ^ Lauren Bacall Biography (1924-)
  2. ^ The Religious Affiliation of Lauren Bacall: great American actress. Adherents.com (2005-07-30). Retrieved on 2006-12-13.
  3. ^ BBC NEWS | Entertainment | Lauren Bacall: Hollywood's Baby turns 80
  4. ^ The Official Website of Lauren Bacall - "The Look"
  5. ^ To Have and Have Not Movie Reviews, Pictures - Rotten Tomatoes
  6. ^ http://www.nandotimes.com/nt/images/century/photos/century0275.html Nandotimes.com Retrieved on 05-08-07
  7. ^ Confidential Agent (1945) - External reviews
  8. ^ Young Man with a Horn (1950)
  9. ^ Young Man with a Horn (1950) - Trivia
  10. ^ How to Marry a Millionaire (1953) - Box office / business
  11. ^ How to Marry a Millionaire Movie Reviews, Pictures - Rotten Tomatoes
  12. ^ Written on the Wind (1956)
  13. ^ Bryn Mawr College - Katharine Houghton Hepburn Center
  14. ^ Humphrey Bogart: "I'm no communist", Photoplay, March 1948

[edit] External links

Persondata
NAME Bacall, Lauren
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Perske, Betty Joan
SHORT DESCRIPTION American actress
DATE OF BIRTH 16 September 1924
PLACE OF BIRTH New York City
DATE OF DEATH
PLACE OF DEATH