Latex (polymer)
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Latex is a name collectively given to a group of similar preparations consisting of stable dispersions of polymer microparticles in a liquid matrix (usually water). Latexes may be natural or synthetic. Synthetic latexes are usually produced by emulsion polymerization using a variety of initiators, surfactants and monomers; the latter commonly include:
while more exotic formulations include allylic compounds, vinyl malate or VEOVAs.
Latexes are used in coatings (e.g. latex paint) and glues because they solidify by coalescence of the polymer particles as the water evaporates, and therefore can form films without releasing potentially toxic organic solvents in the environment. Other uses include cement additives.
The term "latex" is also commonly used to describe stretchable film products made from latexes e.g. latex glove, latex balloon. The products are typically made by dipping a form into a vat of latex, lifting the form out of the latex, and allowing it to dry before removing the article.
A common error is to refer to the constituent solid polymer microparticles as latices too. This usage is incorrect, as the microparticles themselves are generally not dispersions.
For natural latexes, see latex rubber.
Latex, usually styrene based, is also used in immunoassays.
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