Lata Mangeshkar

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Lata Mangeshkar
Born September 28, 1929 (1929-09-28) (age 78)
Indore, Central India Agency, British India
Genre(s) Film music (playback singing), Indian classical music
Occupation(s) Singer
Instrument(s) Vocalist
Years active 1942 - present

Lata Mangeshkar (Hindi: लता मंगेशकर, born September 28, 1929) is a singer from India. She is one of the most well-known playback singers in the Indian Hindi movie industry. Mangeshkar's career started in 1942 and has spanned over six decades. She has done playback singing for over 980 Hindi (or "Bollywood") movies, and has sung songs in over twenty regional Indian languages, primarily Marathi. She is the elder sister of the equally accomplished singer, Asha Bhosle.

Lata is the second vocalist to receive "Bharat Ratna", India's highest civilian honour.

Mangeshkar was featured in the Guinness Book of World Records from 1974 to 1991 for "most recordings" in the world. The claim was that she has reportedly recorded no less than 25,000 solo, duet and chorus-backed songs in 20 Indian languages between 1948 to 1974 (30,000 songs between 1948 and 1987, according to 1987 edition). During the years, several sources have supported the claim, although other reputed sources have raised concerns for its veracity, claiming that the number of songs was highly exaggerated, and Mangeshkar's sister, Asha Bhosle, has recorded more songs than her.

Contents

[edit] Biography

[edit] Childhood

Lata Mangeshkar was born in a Maharashtrian family in Sikh Mohalla, Indore, which then used to be in Central India Agency and is now in the State of Madhya Pradesh. Her father, Pandit Deenanath Mangeshkar, was a classical singer and theater actor. Her mother, Shudhhamati, was Deenanath's second wife. The family's last name used to be Hardikar; Deenanath changed it to Mangeshkar in order to identify his family with his native town, Mangeshi in Goa. Lata was named "Hema" at her birth. Her parents later renamed her "Lata" after a female character, "Latika", in one of her father's plays, BhaawBandhan.[1] Lata is the eldest child of her parents. Hridayanath, Asha, Usha, and Meena are her siblings in sequence.

Lata took her first music lessons from her father. At the age of five, she started to work as an actress in her father's musical plays (sangeet naatake in Marathi). Her father's recitals and lessons left a strong impression on her, as did the songs of K.L. Saigal, who was her favorite singer and idol. Her formal education was limited to one day in the school. On the first day in the school, she started teaching songs to other children. When the teacher stopped her, she was so angry that she stopped going to the school.[1]

[edit] Early movie career in the 1940s

In 1942, when Lata was 13, her father died of heart disease. Master Vinayak (Vinayak Damodar Karnataki), the owner of Navyug Chitrapat movie company and a close friend of the Mangeshkar family, then took care of the family. He helped Lata get started with her career as a singer and an actress.

Lata sang the song, Naachu Yaa Gade, Khelu Saari Mani Haus Bhaari, which was composed by Sadashivrao Nevrekar for Vasant Joglekar's Marathi movie, Kiti Hasaal (1942), but the song was dropped from the movie. Master Vinayak gave her a small role in Navyug Chitrapat's Marathi movie, Pahili Mangalaa-gaur (1942). In that movie, she sang Natali Chaitraachi Navalaai, which was composed by Dada Chandekar.[1] Her first Hindi song was Mata Ek Sapoot Ki Duniya Badal De Tu for the Marathi film, Gajaabhaau (1943).

Lata moved to Mumbai in 1945 when Master Vinayak's company shifted its headquarters to that city. She started taking lessons in Hindustani classical music from Ustad Amanat Ali Khan Bhendibazaarwale. She sang Paa Lagoon Kar Jori for Vasant Joglekar's Hindi movie, Aap Ki Seva Mein (1946).[1](Datta Davjekar was the composer of that song.) Lata and her sister, Asha, played minor roles alongside actress Noor Jehan in Master Vinayak's first Hindi movie, Badi Maa (1945). In that movie, Lata also sang a bhajan, Maata Tere Charnon Mein. She was introduced to music director Vasant Desai during the recording of Master Vinayak's second Hindi movie, Subhadra (1946).

Following the partition of India in 1947, Ustad Amanat Ali Khan Bhendibazaarwale migrated to newly formed Pakistan; so Lata started to learn classical music under Amanat Khan Devaswale. Pandit Tulsidas Sharma, a pupil of Ustad Bade Ghulam Ali Khan, also trained her.

After Master Vinayak's death in 1948, music director Ghulam Haider mentored Lata as a singer. In those days, Noor Jehan, Shamshad Begum, and Zohrabai Ambalewali, with their rather heavy and often nasal voices, were the popular female singers in Hindi movies. Haider introduced Lata to producer Sashadhar Mukherjee, who was working then on the movie, Shaheed (1948), but Mukherjee dismissed her voice as "too thin".[1] An annoyed Haider responded that in the coming years the producers and the directors will "fall at Lata's feet" and "beg her" to sing in their movies. Haider gave Lata her first major break with the song, Dil Mera Toda in the movie, Majboor (1948).[1]

Initially, Lata imitated Noor Jehan, who was then the most popular singer, but later she developed her own style of singing.[1] In those days, lyrics of songs in Hindi movies used to be composed primarily by Muslim poets, and thus the lyrics naturally contained many Hindustani words. Actor Dilip Kumar once made a mildly disapproving remark about Lata's "Maharashtrian" accent while singing Hindi/Hindustani songs; so Lata then took for some time lessons in Hindustani from a maulavi, Shafi.[2]

The song, Aayega Aanewaala, in the popular movie, Mahal (1949), which Lata sang proved a turning point for her. (The song was composed by music director, Khemchand Prakash, and lip-synced by actress, Madhubala).

[edit] Rise in the 1950s

In the 1950s, Lata sang songs composed by all acclaimed music directors of the period, including Anil Biswas, Shankar-Jaikishan, Naushad, S. D. Burman, C. Ramchandra, Hemant Kumar, Salil Chowdhury, Khayyam, Ravi, Sajjad Hussain, Roshan, Kalyanji-Anandji, Vasant Desai, Sudhir Phadke, Hansraj Behl, and Usha Khanna. (Acclaimed music director, O. P. Nayyar, was an exception, who favored Lata's sister, Asha Bhosle, as the singer of many of his compositions.)

Lata sang many raga-based songs for Naushad, in movies such as Baiju Bawra (1952), Mughal-E-Azam (1960), and Kohinoor (1960). Ae Chorre Ki Jaat Badi Bewafa, a duet with G. M. Durrani, was Lata's first song for composer, Naushad. The duo, Shankar-Jaikishan, chose Lata as the female singer in practically all movies for which they scored, primarily for Raj Kapoor. These movies include Aag, Aah (1953), Shree 420 (1955), and Chori Chori (1956). Before 1957, composer Sachin Dev (S. D.) Burman chose Lata as the leading female singer for his musical scores in many movies, including Sazaa (1951), House No. 44 (1955), and Devdas (1955). However, Lata and S. D. Burman developed discord between them in 1957, and Lata did not sing Burman's compositions until 1962.[1] (During 1957 - 1962, Burman worked with playback singers, Geeta Dutt and Asha Bhosle).

Salil Chowdhury was one of the favorite composers of Lata during the 1950s. She won her first Filmfare Best Female Playback Award for Chowdhury's composition, Aaja Re Pardesi, in Madhumati (1958).

[edit] 1960s

The 1960s made Lata Mangeshkar become the undisputed number one female playback singer in Hindi cinema. She recorded songs for nearly every major composer in the industry, many of which became all-time hits.

In 1960, her song Pyar Kiya To Darna Kya from Mughal-E-Azam (1960), composed by Naushad and picturized on Madhubala, became very popular. The Hawaiian-themed number Ajeeb Dastaan Hai Yeh from Dil Apna Aur Preet Parai (1960), composed by Shankar-Jaikishan and picturized on Meena Kumari, also became a hit.

In 1961, Mangeshkar took the first step on the road to reconciliation with S. D. Burman, as she recorded a bhajan, Allah Tero Naam, for Burman's assistant, Jaidev. In 1962, she bagged her second Filmfare Award for the song Kahin Deep Jale Kahin Dil from Bees Saal Baad, composed by Hemant Kumar.

On June 27, 1963, Lata Mangeshkar sang the patriotic song Ae Mere Watan Ke Logon in presence of Jawaharlal Nehru, the then Prime Minister of India. The song, composed by C. Ramchandra and written by Pradeep, brought tears to Nehru's eyes.[1]

In 1963, Mangeshkar returned to collaboration with S. D. Burman, mainly as a result of a truce brokered by Burman's son and assistant (and her future brother-in-law) R. D. Burman. She recorded many hits for S. D. Burman, including Aaj Phir Jeene Ki Tamanna Hai (duet with Kishore Kumar) and Piya Tose from Guide (1965), and Hothon Pe Aisi Baat from Jewel Thief (1967),

In 1960s, Lata Mangeshkar also gave many hits with one of her favorite composers, Madan Mohan. some of their notable songs included Aap Ki Nazron Ne Samjha from Anpadh (1962), Lag Ja Gale and Naina Barse Rim Jhim from Woh Kaun Thi? (1964), and Tu Jahan Jahan Chalega from Mera Saaya (1966).

The 1960s also witnessed the beginning of Mangeshkar's association with Laxmikant-Pyarelal, the music directors for whom she sang the most songs in her career. She was responsible for advancing their music career, and recorded for them in their first film, Parasmani (1963).

She also sang many songs for Marathi films, composed by notable music directors of Marathi cinema such as Hridaynath Mangeshkar, Vasant Prabhu, Srinivas Khale, Sudhir Phadke and herself (under the name Anandghan). During the 1960s and 1970s, she also sang many hit Bengali songs, composed by music directors like Salil Chowdhury and Hemant Kumar.

Lata Mangeshkar recorded duets with all major male singers, including Mukesh, Manna Dey, Mohammed Rafi, and Kishore Kumar. From 1960s onwards, she was not on good terms with Mohammed Rafi, the leading male playback singer of that time, over royalty issues. Lata wanted Rafi to back her in demanding a half-share from the five percent song royalty that the film's producer conceded to select composers.[3] But Rafi took a diametrically opposite view, and believed that a playback singer's claim on the filmmaker ended with the payment of the agreed fee for the song. During the recording of the song Tasveer Teri Dil Mein (Maya, 1961), Lata lost her cool with Rafi in a certain passage of the song. Rafi felt belittled, as music director Salil Chowdhury sided with Lata.[4] The situation worsened as Lata Mangeshkar declared that she would no longer sing with Rafi. Rafi stated that he was only as keen to sing with Lata as she was with him.[4] Later, at the insistence of S.D.Burman, the two decided to make up and sing duets, but on a personal level, they were not on good terms.

[edit] 1970s

In 1972, Meena Kumari's last film, Pakeezah was released. It featured the superhit songs Chalte Chalte and Inhi Logon Ne sung by Lata Mangeshkar, and composed by Ghulam Mohammed. She recorded many popular songs for S. D. Burman's last films, including Rangeela Re from Prem Pujari (1970), Khilte Hain Gul Yahaan from Sharmeelee (1971), and Piya Bina from Abhimaan (1973).

Lata Mangeshkar's most notable songs in 1970s were composed by Laxmikant-Pyarelal (L-P) and Rahul Dev Burman. She recorded several songs composed by L-P in 1960s and 1970s, many of them written by the lyricst Anand Bakshi. She also recorded many hit songs with Rahul Dev Burman in the films Amar Prem (1972), Caravan (1971), Kati Patang(1971), and Aandhi (1975). The two are noted for their songs with the lyricists Majrooh Sultanpuri, Anand Bakshi and Gulzar.

In 1973, she won the National Film Award for Best Female Playback Singer for the song Beeti Na Bitai from the film Parichay, composed by R. D. Burman, and written by Gulzar. In 1975, she again won the same award, this time for the song Roothe Roothe Piya from the film Kora Kagaz, composed by Kalyanji-Anandji.

From 1970s onwards, Lata Mangeshkar has also staged many concerts in India and abroad, including several charity concerts. Her first concert overseas was at the Royal Albert Hall, London, in 1974. She also released an album of Mirabai's bhajans, Chala Vaahi Des, composed by her brother Hridayanath Mangeshkar. Some of the bhajans in the album include Saanware Rang Raachi and Ud Jaa Re Kaaga.

In late 1970s and early 1980s, she worked with the children of composers she had earlier worked with. Some of these composers included Rahul Dev Burman (son of Sachin Dev Burman), Rajesh Roshan (son of Roshan), Anu Malik (son of Sardar Malik), and Anand-Milind (sons of Chitragupt).

[edit] 1980s onwards

1980s onwards, Lata Mangeshkar got selective and cut down on her film singing. She recorded mainly for films by well-known banners, such as Yash Raj Films, and Rajshri Productions. She worked with many new music directors, including Shiv-Hari, Ram Laxman, A. R. Rahman. She also recorded some non-film songs, including ghazals with Jagjit Singh. In 1981, she recorded her first duet with S P Balasubrahmanyam for the film Ek Duje Ke Liye.

In 1990, Mangeshkar launched her own production house for Hindi movies. Its first (and only movie), Lekin, flopped. However, she won her third National Film Award for Best Female Playback Singer for her song Yaara Sili Sili from the film. During the 1990s, she became very choosy. Some of her songs in this period were with music directors like Jatin-Lalit, Nadeem-Shravan, and more.

Mangeshkar has sung for almost all the Yash Chopra films, and films from his production house Yash Raj Films, including Chandni (1989), Lamhe (1991), Darr (1993), Yeh Dillagi (1994), Dilwale Dulhaniya Le Jayenge (1995), Dil To Pagal Hai (1997) and later on Mohabbatein (2000), "Mujhse Dosti Karoge"" (2002) and Veer Zaara (2004). The Yash Raj Films banner's songs have been known for their romantic melodies identified with Mangeshkar's voice, and songs such as Kabhi Main Kahun, Hothon Pe Bas , Hogaya Hai Tujhko, Humko Hamise Churalo and Tere Liye have become classics.

A. R. Rahman recorded a few songs with Mangeshkar during this period, the most popular sogs include "Jiya Jale" (from Dil Se, featuring Preity Zinta), "Khamoshiyan Gungunane Lagin" (One Two Ka Four), and "O Paalanhaare" (Lagaan).

.

In 1999, Lata Eau De Parfum, a perfume brand named after her, was launched.[5] In 1999, she was nominated as a member of Rajya Sabha.[6] However, she did not attend the Rajya Sabha sessions regularly, inviting criticism from several members of the House, including the Deputy Chairperson Najma Heptullah, Pranab Mukherjee and Shabana Azmi.[7][8] She stated the reason for her absence as ill-health; it was also reported that she had not taken a salary, allowance or a house in Delhi for being a Member of Parliament.[7][9]

In 2001, Lata Mangeshkar was awarded Bharat Ratna, Indian's highest civilian honor. In the same year, she established the Master Deenanath Mangeshkar Hospital in Pune, managed by the Lata Mangeshkar Medical Foundation (founded by the Mangeshkar family in October 1989). In 2005, she designed a jewellery collection called Swaranjali, which was crafted by Adora, an Indian diamond export company. Five pieces from the collection raised £1,05,000 at a Christie's, and a part of the money was donated for the 2005 Pakistan earthquake relief.[10] Also in 2001, she recorded her first Hindi song with the composer Ilaiyaraaja, for the film Lajja (2001); she had earlier recorded Tamil and Telugu songs composed by Ilaiyaraaja.

In 2000s, Lata Mangeshkar, along with other residents of the Peddar Road area in Mumbai, opposed the construction of a flyover in the area, creating a controversy. She believed that construction of the flyover would increase air and noise pollution in the area, and threatened to quit the city if the flyover was built.[11] In 2006, it was reported that she and her sister Asha Bhosle had purchased apartments in Parel and were planning to move out of Peddar Road.[12]

Lata Mangeshkar's song Wada Na Tod is also heard playing in the background of the film Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind (2004) and can be found on the film's soundtrack.

On June 21, 2007, she released an album Saadgi, featuring eight ghazal-like songs written by Javed Akhtar and composed by Mayuresh Pai.[13]

[edit] Non-singing career

[edit] Music direction

Lata Mangeshkar composed music for the first time in 1955 for movie "Ram Ram Pavhane". Later in 1960s, she composed music for following Marathi movies under the pseudonym of "Anand Ghan".[14]

  • 1950 - Ram Ram Pavhana
  • 1963 - Maratha Tituka Melvava
  • 1963 - Mohityanchi Manjula
  • 1965 - Sadhi Manase
  • 1969 - Tambadi Mati

She won Maharashtra State Government's Best Music Director Award for the film Sadhi Manase. The song Airanichya deva tula from the same film received best song award.

[edit] Acting

Lata Mangeshkar has acted in nine films:

  • 1942 - Pahili Mangalagaur (Marathi)
  • 1943 - Chimukla Sansaar (Marathi)
  • 1943 - Maajhe Baal (Marathi)
  • 1944 - Gajabhau (Marathi)
  • 1945 - Badi Maa (Hindi)
  • 1946 - Jeevan Yaatra
  • 1946 - Subhadra
  • 1948 - Mandir
  • 1953 - Chattrapati Shivaji (Hindi-Marathi dual release), guest appearance in one song
  • 2000 - Pukar (guest appearance in song Ek Tu Hi Bharosa)

[edit] Production

Lata Mangeshkar has produced four films:

  • 1953 - Vaadal (Marathi)
  • 1953 - Jhaanjhar (Hindi), co-produced with C. Ramchandra
  • 1955 - Kanchan (Hindi)
  • 1990 - Lekin (Hindi)

[edit] Awards and recognitions

Main article: Awards conferred on Lata Mangeshkar

Lata Mangeshkar has won several awards and honors, including Padma Bhushan (1969), Padma Vibhushan (1999), Dada Saheb Phalke Award (1989), Bharat Ratna (2001), three National Film Awards, and 12 Bengal Film Journalists' Association Awards. She has also won four Filmfare Best Female Playback Awards. In 1969, she made the unusual gesture of giving up Filmfare Best Female Playback Award, in order to promote fresh talent. She was later awarded Filmfare Lifetime Achievement Award in 1993.

In 1984, the State Government of Madhya Pradesh instituted the Lata Mangeshkar Award in honor of Lata Mangeshkar. The State Government of Maharashtra also instituted a Lata Mangeshkar Award in 1992.

In 1974, The Guinness Book of Records listed Lata Mangeshkar as the most recorded artist in the history, stating that she had reportedly recorded "not less than 25,000 solo, duet and chorus backed songs in 20 Indian languages" between 1948 and 1974. Her record was contested by Mohammed Rafi, who was claimed to have sung around 28,000 songs.[15][16] After Rafi's death, in its 1984 edition, the Guinness Book of Word Records stated Lata Mangeshkar's name for the "Most Recordings", but also stated Rafi's claim. The later editions of Guinness Book stated that Lata Mangeshkar had sung no fewer than 30,000 songs between 1948 and 1987.

Although the entry has not been printed in Guinness editions since 1991, reputable sources claim that she has recorded thousands of songs, with estimates ranging up to figures as large as 50,000.[17][18] However, even the earliest Guinness claim of 25,000 songs (between 1948-1974) was claimed to be exaggerated by other sources, who stated that the number of songs sung by Lata Mangeshkar in Hindustani (Hindi-Urdu films till 1991 was found to be 5250.[19] Mangeshkar herself stated that she does not keep a record of the number of songs recorded by her, and that she did not know from where Guinness Book editors got their information.[20]

[edit] See also

[edit] References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i Khubchandani, Lata (2003). in Gulzar, Govind Nihalani, Saibal Chatterjee: Encyclopaedia of Hindi Cinema. Popular Prakashan, 486-487. ISBN 8179910660. 
  2. ^ Bharatan, Raju (1995). Lata Mangeshkar: A Biography. UBS Publishers Distributors. ISBN 978-8174760234. 
  3. ^ Raju Bharatan (2006-08-23). How fair were they to Mohammed Rafi?: Page 3. Rediff.com. Retrieved on 2007-04-28.
  4. ^ a b Raju Bharatan (2006-08-21). How fair were they to Mohammed Rafi?: Page 4. Rediff.com. Retrieved on 2007-04-28.
  5. ^ Suparn Verma (November 3, 1999). A perfume called Lata. Rediff.com. Retrieved on 2007-08-13.
  6. ^ Nominated Members of the Rajya Sabha. Rajya Sabha Secretariat, Government of India. Retrieved on 2007-08-13.
  7. ^ a b Viral Bhayani (November 29, 2002). Unequal music. The Times of India. Retrieved on 2007-08-13.
  8. ^ Straight Answers. The Times of India (March 2, 2003). Retrieved on 2007-08-13.
  9. ^ Leave me alone, says Lata. The Times of India (March 5, 2003). Retrieved on 2007-08-13.
  10. ^ "Lata Mangeshkar's jewellery collection raises quake relief funds", November 28, 2005. Retrieved on 2007-08-13. 
  11. ^ Lekha Agarwal (March 27, 2006). Lata Mangeshkar threatens to quit Mumbai. Indian Express. Retrieved on 2007-08-13.
  12. ^ Nauzer Bharucha (August 28, 2006). Lata, Asha may move home from Peddar Rd. The Times of India. Retrieved on 2007-08-13.
  13. ^ Lata Mangeshkar launches new album 'Saadgi'. Daily News & Analysis (June 21, 2007). Retrieved on 2007-08-13.
  14. ^ BFI, Lata Mangeshkar.
  15. ^ Raju Bharatan (2006-08-23). How fair were they to Mohammed Rafi?: Page 7. Rediff.com. Retrieved on 2007-04-28.
  16. ^ Raju Bharatan (2006-08-23). How fair were they to Mohammed Rafi?: Page 6. Rediff.com. Retrieved on 2007-04-28.
  17. ^ Chopra, Yash. "The nightingale of India turns 75", BBC News, 2004-09-28. Retrieved on 2007-08-13. 
  18. ^ "Melody Queen Lata rings in 75th birthday quietly", The Tribune, Chandigarh, September 29, 2004,. Retrieved on 2007-08-13. 
  19. ^ Broughton, Simon; Mark Ellingham, Richard Trillo (2000). World music: The Rough Guide. Rough Guides, 106. ISBN 978-1858286365. 
  20. ^ Punita Bhatt. A controversy in the making. Filmfare magazine. June 1-15, 1987.

[edit] Further reading

  • Bhimani, Harish (1995). In search of Lata Mangeshkar. Indus. ISBN 978-8172231705. 
  • Bharatan, Raju (1995). Lata Mangeshkar: A Biography. UBS Publishers Distributors. ISBN 978-8174760234. 
  • Lata, Mangeshkar (1995). in Madhuvanti Sapre and Dinkar Gangal: In search of Lata Mangeshkar (in Marathi). Harper Collins/Indus. ISBN 978-8172231705. . A collection of articles written by Lata Mangeshkar since 1952.
  • Nerurkar, Vishwas. Lata Mangeshkar Gandhar Swaryatra (1945-1989) (in Marathi). Mumbai: Vasanti P. Nerukar. .
  • Bichhu, Mandar V. (1996). Gaaye Lata, Gaaye Lata (in Hindi). Sharjah: Pallavi Prakashan. ISBN 978-8172231705. . A collection of articles written by Lata Mangeshkar since 1952.

[edit] External links