Languages of the Bailiwick of Guernsey
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The linguistic situation of the Bailiwick of Guernsey is quite similar to that of Jersey, the other Bailiwick in the Channel Islands. English is the official language, French is used for administration, there are several varieties of Norman language used by a minority of the population, and Portuguese is spoken by immigrants in the workforce.
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[edit] English
English is one of the official languages and the only dominant language in the Islands. Its status is mainly a product of the last century, and some 200 years ago, very few people in the Channel Islands spoke that language. Most papers, signage, and other such official materials are printed and distributed in English. There is also a dialect of Guernsey English, which contains some elements of Dgèrnésiais.
[edit] French
Until 1948, French was the official language of Guernsey. Today, it is still the language used in administration. It is still spoken as a second language by many, however, it is little-spoken as a common language. It differs from the actual indigenous Norman dialects of the islands.
Because of their location, the islands' main source of non-UK tourism tends to be French speaking.
[edit] Norman
Within historical times, Norman dialects could be found throughout the islands, and were spoken by the majority. Many of the names and terms have been gallicised into standard French, or Law Norman.
[edit] Dgèrnésiais
Dgèrnésiais is the traditional language of Guernsey. It is a variety of Norman, similar to the dialects of Norman spoken in mainland Normandy and also to the Anglo-Norman used, after the 1066 invasion, in England. There is some mutual intelligibility with Jèrriais, the Norman dialect spoken in Jersey. It is mainly spoken by older people living in rural parts of the island. Some 1,327 citizens of Guernsey speak the language today, or 2% of the population. It is not used as readily in Guernsey as Jèrriais in Jersey: only five minutes a week of news are delivered in the language on BBC Radio Guernsey. Fourteen percent of the population claim some understanding. It is called patois by some and believed by some to be a dialect of French.
[edit] Sercquiais
Sercquiais is the dialect of Jèrriais spoken by a minority of people in Sark, the original inhabitants of which were settlers from Jersey. It is now all but extinct, spoken by some 15 people.
[edit] Auregnais
The Norman language of Alderney, Auregnais, is now extinct. It is today mostly preserved in local toponyms.
[edit] Other
The island of Herm appears to have spoken Norman in the recent past, but there are no records of when it died out. Other islands such as Brecqhou, Jethou, the Casquets and Burhou were too small to support real communities.
[edit] Portuguese
Although there are fewer Portuguese in Guernsey than in Jersey, they still form a small part of the population. Portuguese is spoken by around 2% of the population.
[edit] Polish
Recently, there has been an influx of young Poles, mainly working in low paid jobs. Many of them work on the cross channel ferries.
[edit] References
- This article contains material from the CIA World Factbook (2006 edition) which, as a US government publication, is in the public domain.
- http://user.itl.net/~panther/dguern.htm
- http://www.bbc.co.uk/voices/multilingual/guernesiais.shtml
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