Landtag of Hesse
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| Flag of Hesse | Coat of arms of Hesse |
|---|---|
.svg/150px-Flag_of_Hesse_(state).svg.png) |
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| Static data | |
| domicile: | Stadtschloss in Wiesbaden |
| Voting system: | Proportional representation |
| Number of votes: | 2 (1 for the Constituency, 1 for the electoral list on state level) |
| Calculation method: | Largest remainder method |
| Number of constituencies: | 55 |
| Number of eligible voters: | app. 4.400.000 |
| Legislative period: | 5 Years |
| First session: | 1. December 1946 |
| Homepage: | www.hessischer-landtag.de |
| Actual legislative period | |
| President of parliament: | Norbert Kartmann |
| Composition of the parliament (110 Seats): |
CDU 42 SPD 42 B90/Grüne 9 FDP 11 Die Linke 6 |
| Last election: | 27. January 2008 |
| Next election: | 2013 |
| Federal representation | |
| Seats in the Bundesrat: | 5 |
| Card | |
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The Landtag of Hesse is the state diet (Landtag) of the German federal state of Hesse. He convenes in Wiesbaden and currently consists of 120 members of five Parties. Currently there is no clear majority or coalition. Neither the CDU and the FDP nor SPD, The Greens and The Left have a clear majority, because one SPD-MP refused to support a outside left coalition.
The Landtag is the Parliament of the state of Hesse. As a Legislature it is responsible to pass laws on state level and to decide about the budget. The most important function is to elect and control the gouvernement of Hesse. The actual Minister-President is Roland Koch.
The constitution of the state hesse describes the role of the Landtag in §§ 75 to 99.
[edit] Elections
[edit] Beratender Landesausschuss
After World War II the state of Hesse was restored by the US military administration under the name of Greater Hesse. 1945 the US military administration implemented the "Beratender Landesausschuss" an advisory counsil. The members of this pre-parliament were appointed and not elected.
| Party | Seats |
|---|---|
| CDU | 12 |
| SPD | 12 |
| LDP | 12 |
| KPD | 12 |
| total | 48 |
[edit] Constitutional convention
On 1946-06-30 a Constitutional convention of Hesse ("Verfassungsgebenden Landesversammlung") was elected.
This election was won by the SPD, even if the SPD missed the majority. On 22 November 1945 the constitution for Greater Hesse (Staatsgrundgesetz des Staates Groß-Hessen) was introduced.[1]
| Party | Seats |
|---|---|
| SPD | 41 |
| CDU | 36 |
| KPD | 7 |
| LDP | 6 |
| total | 90 |
[edit] 1. Legislative period (1946 bis 1950)
The first regular election on 1946-12-01 was also won by SPD.
A Grand coalition of SPD and CDU decided on electing Christian Stock (SPD) as first free elected Minister-President of Hesse after WW II.
| Party | Seats |
|---|---|
| SPD | 38 |
| CDU | 28 |
| LDP | 14 |
| KPD | 10 |
| total | 90 |
[edit] 2. Legislative period (1950 bis 1954)
The secon election on 1950-11-19 founded the 37 years tradition of the "red hesse". The SPD reached the majority. CDU, the former partner in the grand coalition lost 60 % of their mandates. Until 1987 all gouvernements of hesse have been headed by SPD politicians.
On 1950-12-14 the former Minister of Justice, Georg August Zinn (SPD) was elected as Minister-President of Hesse. Zinn was re-elected 4 times and was Minister-President until 1969-10-03
| Party | Seats 1950 | Seats 1954 |
|---|---|---|
| SPD | 47 | 48 |
| FDP | 13 | 13 |
| CDU | 12 | 12 |
| GB/BHE | 8 | 7 |
| total | 80 | 80 |
[edit] 3. Legislative period (1954 bis 1958)
Even if SPD lost the majority in teh third election on 1953-11-28, SPD managed to agree on a coalition with the "All-German Bloc/League of Expellees and Deprived of Rights" a party representing the victims of the Expulsion of Germans after World War II.
| Party | Seats 1954 | Seats 1958 |
|---|---|---|
| SPD | 44 | 44 |
| CDU | 24 | 24 |
| FDP | 21 | 20 |
| GB/BHE | 7 | 7 |
| Non-Inscrits | 0 | 1 |
| total | 96 | 96 |
[edit] 4. Legislative period (1958 bis 1962)
Within the fourth election on 1958-11-23 the coalition was confirmed.
| Party | Seats |
|---|---|
| SPD | 48 |
| CDU | 32 |
| FDP | 9 |
| GB/BHE | 7 |
| total | 96 |
[edit] 5. Legislative period (1962 bis 1966)
Even if SPD reached the majority on 1962-11-11, Zinn decided to continue the coalition the GDP ("Gesamtdeutsche Partei", the new name of GB/BHE).
| Party | Seats 1962 | Seats 1966 |
|---|---|---|
| SPD | 51 | 51 |
| CDU | 26 | 26 |
| FDP | 11 | 12 |
| GDP | 6 | 5 |
| total | 94 | 94 |
[edit] 6. Legislative period (1966 bis 1970)
On 1966-11-06 the SPD reached the majority another time. Zinn was appointed a last time as Minister-President. On 1969-10-03 Zinn resigned 68 years old and Albert Osswald (SPD) was elected as his successor.
| Fraktion | Beginn | Ende |
|---|---|---|
| SPD | 52 | 52 |
| CDU | 26 | 26 |
| FDP | 10 | 10 |
| NPD | 8 | 7 |
| Non-Inscrits | 0 | 1 |
| total | 96 | 96 |
[edit] 7. Legislative period (1970 bis 1974)
Headed by Alfred Dregger the CDU was able to make an impressive jump in the election on 1970-11-08. The SPD lost the majority but agreed on a Social-liberal coalition with the FDP and Albert Osswald was reelected.
| Party | Seats |
|---|---|
| SPD | 53 |
| CDU | 46 |
| FDP | 11 |
| total | 110 |
[edit] 8. Legislative period (1974 bis 1978)
Alfred Dregger and his CDU grow even more in the election on 1974-10-27. The first time in the history of hesse the CDU has overtook SPD. But the coalition was confirmed and Osswald stayed to be Minister-President.
Two years later Osswald resigned because of er the Helaba-scandal. Holger Börner (SPD) was eleceted as Minister-President.
| Party | Seats 1974 | Seats 1978 |
|---|---|---|
| CDU | 53 | 53 |
| SPD | 49 | 49 |
| FDP | 8 | 7 |
| Non-Inscrits | 0 | 1 |
| total | 110 |
[edit] 9. Legislative period (1978 bis 1982)
The expectations of CDU on a majority were underachieved. In the times of Terror of RAF CDU stagnated and the coalition was confirmed in the elections on 1978-10-08. On 1981-05-11 deputy Minister-President Heinz-Herbert Karry was assassinated by terrorists in his flat in Frankfurt am Main. The riots on the extension of the Frankfurt Airport took place in this time. Börner said that he would like to use roof battens as the right answer to the violant anti-airport-activists (the later Greens).
| Party | Seats |
|---|---|
| CDU | 53 |
| SPD | 50 |
| FDP | 7 |
| total | 110 |
[edit] 10. Legislative period (1982 bis 1983)
After the break of the Social-liberal coalition in Germany, the FDP was not able to reach more then 5 % and got no seats in the Landtag. The same time The Greens were represented the first time in a German parliament. The Greens opposed to the parlamentary democraty and announced a fundamental opposition. The SPD was not willing to accept a grand coalition headed by the CDU. So a Snap election took place some month later.
| Party | Seats |
|---|---|
| CDU | 52 |
| SPD | 49 |
| Greens | 9 |
| total | 110 |
[edit] 11. Legislative period (1983 bis 1987)
The extraordinary election on 1983-08-25 got no new result. FDP returned to the Landtag but CDU and FDP as well as SPD had no majority.
| Party | Seats |
|---|---|
| SPD | 51 |
| CDU | 44 |
| FDP | 8 |
| Die Grünen | 7 |
| total | 110 |
Holger Börner was reelected and 1985 a first Red-green alliance in Germany was build. Joschka Fischer was assigend as minister for environment. The Green party in this time consist of the "fundamental" and the democratic part. These to groups were not able to agree on a common politic. The "red-green-chaos" was the common description of these years. February 1987 the coalition was ended.
[edit] 12. Legislative period (1987 bis 1991)
The 1987 election was a milestone. Normaly the party ruling Germany loose votes in the state elections. CDU and FDP had lost all elections on state level since Helmut Kohl had been elected as chancelor. But the red-green-chaos lead to a surprising result: On 1987-04-05 CDU and FDP won the elections and Walter Wallmann was the first CDU Minister-President in hesse ever.
| Party | Seats |
|---|---|
| CDU | 47 |
| SPD | 44 |
| Die Grünen | 10 |
| FDP | 9 |
| total | 110 |
[edit] 13. Legislative period (1991 bis 1995)
The vote on 1991-01-20 was as close as the last one, but this time SPD and the Greens had more luck. Hand Eichel (SPD) got new Minister-President supported by a red/green-alliance.
| Party | Seats |
|---|---|
| SPD | 46 |
| CDU | 46 |
| Die Grünen | 10 |
| FDP | 8 |
| total | 110 |
[edit] 14. Legislative period (1995 bis 1999)
In the elections on 1995-02-19 the red/green-alliance was confirmed.
| Party | Seats 1995 | Seats 1999 |
|---|---|---|
| CDU | 45 | 45 |
| SPD | 44 | 44 |
| Die Grünen | 13 | 13 |
| FDP | 8 | 7 |
| Non-Inscrits | 0 | 1 |
| total | 110 | 110 |
[edit] 15. Legislative period (1999 bis 2003)
Main article: Hesse state election, 1999
Astonishingly the CDU won the elections on 1999-02-07 with a surplus of 4.2 %. Main reason for this result was a legislative project of the red/green federal gouvernement to give the citizenship to aliens. This would have caused that some millions of aliens (mainly turks[2]) get Suffrage. According to surveys 80 % of these aliens would have voted left parties[3]. To stop this project CDU organized a campaign and collected more than 5 million signatures against this venture.
Roland Koch (CDU) got new Minister-President of a CDU-FDP coalition.
| Party | Seats |
|---|---|
| CDU | 50 |
| SPD | 46 |
| Bündnis 90/Die Grünen | 8 |
| FDP | 6 |
| total | 110 |
[edit] 16. Legislative period (2003 bis 2008)
Main article: Hesse state election, 2003
The elections on 2003-02-02 were a desaster for SPD. CDU managed to get a majority even without FDP. All but 2 constituencies (even in the north of Hesse were SPD had won each single election in the 20th century) were won.
| Party | Seats |
|---|---|
| CDU | 56 |
| SPD | 33 |
| Bündnis 90/Die Grünen | 12 |
| FDP | 9 |
| total | 110 |
[edit] 17. Legislative period (2008 bis 2013)
Main article: Hesse state election, 2008
Like 1982 the result of the vote allowed no stable forming of gouvernement. Andrea Ypsilanti, leaded of SPD had prommised several times in the election campaign not to work together with the post-communist party Die Linke (The Left). After the election day she decided to go for a SPD / Green coalition supported the The Left. MP Dagmar Metzger (SPD) decided not to renege on the promise in the campaign and to refuse on this new gouvernement. Today Roland Koch is still Minister-President but withot majority in the parliament. A Snap election is expected after some month.
| Party | Seats |
|---|---|
| CDU | 42 |
| SPD | 42 |
| FDP | 11 |
| Bündnis 90/Die Grünen | 9 |
| Die Linke | 6 |
| total | 110 |
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