Landau-Pomeranchuk-Migdal effect

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Lev Landau and Isaak Pomeranchuk showed that the formulas for bremsstrahlung and pair creation in matter which had been formulated by Hans Bethe and Walter Heitler (the Bethe-Heitler formula) were inapplicable at high energy or high matter density. The effect of multiple Coulomb scattering by neighbouring atoms reduces the cross sections for pair production and bremsstrahlung. Arkady Migdal developed a formula applicable at high energies or high matter densities which accounted for these effects. The effect of reducing the bremsstrahlung and pair production cross sections at high energies or high matter densities has thus become know as the Landau-Pomeranchuk-Migdal effect.