LANSA Flight 502

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**LANSA Flight 502**
Summary
Date	August 9, 1970
Type	Pilot error
Site	Cusco
Passengers	92
Crew	8
Injuries	1
Fatalities	101 (2 on ground)
Survivors	1
Aircraft type	Lockheed Electra L-188A
Operator	LANSA
Tail number	OB-R-939
Flight origin	Cusco
Destination	Lima

LANSA Flight 502 was a Lockheed Electra L-188A four-engine turboprop operated by Lineas Aéreas Nacionales Sociedad Anónima (LANSA) which crashed shortly after takeoff on August 9, 1970, after losing one of its engines.^[1] The aircraft, registered OB-R-939, was bound from Cusco to Lima in Peru, carrying 8 crew and 92 passengers.^[2] All but one of the occupants died from injuries sustained from impact forces and post crash fire. Two people on the ground were also killed. There were 46 American high school exchange students on board, all of whom perished.^[3] A Peruvian government investigations concluded that the accident was caused by improper execution of engine-out procedures by the flight crew, aggravated by lack of maintenance and overloading. LANSA was fined and its operations suspended for 90 days. At the time, the crash was the worst ever in Peruvian history.^[2]

1 Background
2 Accident sequence
3 Investigation
4 See also
5 References
6 External links

[edit] Background

Students boarding the doomed flight

Over half of the passengers belonged to a single group, sponsored by the Buffalo, New York based International Fellowship Student Exchange Program, consisting of 46 American high school exchange students, along with their teachers and guides, who were returning from a visit to nearby Machu Picchu to their host families in the Lima area. The daughter of the mayor of Lima was also accompanying the group.^[4] The Peruvian passengers included a couple on their honeymoon.^[5]

August 9, 1970 was a Sunday, and Flight 502 from Cuzco to Lima, operated by LANSA, the national Peruvian airline, was originally scheduled to depart Cuzco at 8:30 AM in the morning,^[6]^[7] but since many of the members of the American group wanted to visit the nearby Pisac native handicraft market prior to leaving for Lima, the airline postponed the departure time to 2:45 PM.^[8]

The Quispiquilla Airport, since renamed to Alejandro Velasco Astete International Airport,^[9] is located about 3 miles east-southeast of the city of Cuzco, in a small valley high on the Andes mountains, at an altitude of 10,860 feet above mean sea level.^[10] Higher mountainous terrain surrounds the single east-west runway airport in all directions.^[11] Since it was August, it was winter time in Peru, as in the rest of the southern hemisphere.

[edit] Accident sequence

LANSA 502's entire flight path, from takeoff to crash, is encompassed within this panoramic view of Cusco. The runway is seen to the left (east), and rising terrain is seen along the extended takeoff path to the right (west).

At about 2:55 PM, the four-engine Lockheed Electra L-188A turboprop began its takeoff run to the west. At some point during the takeoff run or initial climb, the number three engine^[12] failed and caught fire. The crew continued the takeoff and climb, per standard procedure, using power from the remaining three engines. The pilot radioed the control tower declaring an emergency, and the control tower cleared the flight for an immediate landing.^[4] The number three engine was engulfed in flames as the crew retracted the flaps and maneuvered the plane into a left turn back to the runway.^[2] The plane entered a 30-45 degree bank, then rapidly lost altitude and crashed into hilly terrain about 1.5 miles west-southwest of the runway, above the village of San Gerónimo.^[13] All aboard perished except the copilot, who was badly burned but survived. Two farmers were killed on the ground.

[edit] Investigation

The Peruvian government investigated the accident, and in its final report concluded that the probable cause of the accident was the improper execution of engine-out procedures by the flight crew, with contributing factors of improper loading of the aircraft and improper maintenance procedures by company personnel. There was also evidence of a coverup and falsification of critical maintenance records by LANSA employees during the investigation process. The Peruvian government subsequently fined LANSA and some of its employees, and suspended the airline's operating license for 90 days as a consequence.^[3]