Lactosylceramide 4-alpha-galactosyltransferase

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In enzymology, a lactosylceramide 4-alpha-galactosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.228) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

UDP-galactose + beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-D-glucosylceramide $\rightleftharpoons$ UDP + alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-D- glucosylceramide

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are UDP-galactose and [[beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-D-glucosylceramide]], whereas its 3 products are UDP, [[alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-D-]], and glucosylceramide.

This enzyme belongs to the family of glycosyltransferases, specifically the hexosyltransferases. The systematic name of this enzyme class is UDP-galactose:lactosylceramide 4II-alpha-D-galactosyltransferase. Other names in common use include Galbeta1-4Glcbeta1-Cer alpha1,4-galactosyltransferase, globotriaosylceramide/CD77 synthase, and histo-blood group Pk UDP-galactose. This enzyme participates in glycosphingolipid biosynthesis - globoseries and glycan structures - biosynthesis 2.

[edit] References

IUBMB entry for 2.4.1.228
BRENDA references for 2.4.1.228 (Recommended.)
PubMed references for 2.4.1.228
PubMed Central references for 2.4.1.228
Google Scholar references for 2.4.1.228
Bailly P, Piller F, Cartron JP, Leroy Y, Fournet B (1986). "Identification of UDP-galactose: lactose (lactosylceramide) alpha-4 and beta-3 galactosyltransferases in human kidney". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 141: 84–91. doi:10.1016/S0006-291X(86)80338-2. PMID 3099784.
Nilsson Sojka B, Bennett EP, Jersild C, Clausen H (2000). "Cloning and expression of the histo-blood group Pk UDP-galactose: Ga1beta-4G1cbeta1-cer alpha1, 4-galactosyltransferase. Molecular genetic basis of the p phenotype". J. Biol. Chem. 275: 16723–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.M000728200. PMID 10747952.
Suzuki Y, Urano T, Ohta M, Furukawa K (2000). "Molecular cloning of globotriaosylceramide/CD77 synthase, a glycosyltransferase that initiates the synthesis of globo series glycosphingolipids". J. Biol. Chem. 275: 15152–6. doi:10.1074/jbc.M909620199. PMID 10748143.