L'amore dei tre re
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L'amore dei tre re is an opera in three acts by Italo Montemezzi. Its Italian-language libretto was written by playwright Sem Benelli who based it on his own play of the same title.
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[edit] Performance history
The opera premiered at La Scala in Milan on April 10, 1913. It received mixed reviews, but quickly became an international success, especially in the United States, where it became a staple of the repertory for several decades. The opera is now performed only rarely. It appeared for a while to be part of the standard repertory at many major houses, but after the Second War World, the number of performances decreased dramatically, and it wasn't performed in the US for nearly 30 years. A possible reason is that the opera is rather short, but not short enough to couple with another one-act to make a full evening performance.
The Italian basso Ezio Pinza was well-known for singing the role of Archibaldo at the Metropolitan Opera.
[edit] Roles
| Role | Voice type | Premiere Cast, April 10, 1913 (Conductor: Tullio Serafin)[1] |
|---|---|---|
| Archibaldo, King of Altura | bass | Nazzareno De Angelis |
| Manfredo, his son | baritone | Carlo Galeffi |
| Fiora, Manfredo's wife | soprano | Luisa Villani |
| Avito, former Prince of Altura | tenor | Edoardo Ferrari-Fontana |
| Flaminio, a castle guard | tenor | Giordano Paltrinieri |
| A Handmaiden | soprano | Fernanda Guelpi |
| A Young Woman | soprano | Enrica Merli |
| A Youth | tenor | Cesare Spadoni |
| An Old Woman | mezzo-soprano | Rosa Garavaglia |
| An Offstage Voice | boy soprano | |
| People of Altura | ||
[edit] Synopsis
The story is set in Italy during the dark ages. Archibaldo, the blind king, conquered the kingdom of Altura forty years before the opera begins. After forty years, the Alturan people openly object to the reign of the Germanic Archibaldo. Archibaldo recounts his memories of the thril of conquest, and his reminiscence equates the invasion of Italy to the winning of a beautiful woman.
The story unfolds as we learn that Archibaldo's son Manfredo has been married to the native Alturan princess Fiora. But Fiora is having and affair with another Alturan prince, Avito. Although Archibaldo suspects Fiora of infidelity, he falls short of proof, since he is blind, and his own Alturan servants do not cooperate with him in uncovering the affair.
In the first two acts there are various scenarios played out in mounting intensity. There are two love duets between Avito and Fiora, and a scene in which Manfredo pours out his love for Fiora and begs her to show him affection. All of these are interspersed with scenes in which Archibaldo questions Fiora. Finally, enraged, Archibaldo strangles her and the end of the second act.
In the final act, Fiora's body is laid in a crypt, and the people of Altura mourn for her. Archibaldo has secretly poisoned Fiora's lips, so that her lover will die. Avito kisses Fiora's lips. As he dies from the poison, Avito reveals to Manfredo that he was Fiora's lover, and that Archibaldo has laid the poison. Stricken with grief at the loss of the woman he loved, Manfredo also kisses Fiora's lips. Finally, Archibaldo enters to see if his trap has caught Fiora's lover, and despairs as he hears the voice of his dying son.
[edit] Music
The music of the opera is lush and complex. Similar to works such as Debussy's Pelleas et Melisande, the orchestra frequently reveals the subtext of the interactions between the characters. It is clear that Archibaldo is not only suspicious of Fiora, but also desires her himself. The orchestration, in surges of rich density, also marks how characters move into states of very deep passion. When the characters are moved into these states, the music has a very distinct, transcendent and dreamlike quality.
