Kyrenia
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- For the village in Greece which, see Keryneia, Greece.
| Kyrenia (Keryneia, Girne) | |
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| District | Kyrenia |
|---|---|
| Population | |
| - Total | 52,000 (aprox) |
| Time zone | EET (UTC+2) |
Kyrenia (Greek: Keryneia (Κερύνεια);Turkish: Girne) is a town noted for its historic harbour and castle on the northern coast of Cyprus, in the region occupied and controlled by Turkey. Kyrenia, once predominantly inhabited by Greek Cypriots is now populated by Turkish Cypriots and British Expatriates. Greek Cypriots fled to the south of the island as the Turkish Invasion commenced in 1974.
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[edit] History
[edit] Harbour
In its heyday Kyrenia harbour was lined with warehouses in which were stored the fruits of the countryside whilst they awaited export. The harbour is currently used largely for pleasure craft, and the buildings are now mostly all restaurants, with outdoor tables along the water. A larger harbour is located a few miles east of the town centre, used by commercial shipping and ferries from the Turkish mainland.
[edit] Architecture
The castle at the east end of the old harbour is a very spectacular site and within its walls there is a twelfth century chapel showing reused late Roman capitals.
The main features of the exterior of the castle are the huge round towers built by the Venetians in 1540 AD. This was a period of history when gunpowder, cannons and the use of artillery were being developed for the first time in military operations. The Old Crusader Castle was changed and huge high walls with round towers at the corners were built.
A round tower is more difficult to destroy with cannon fire than a square tower, and so a new type of military warfare arose in the 16th century. The Venetians built many gun ports at three levels where cannon fire could be directed against attackers from the land. This proves that the Venetians were afraid of an attack from the Cypriots and not from the sea. Inside the castle, huge long ramps were built so that the artillery could be rolled up to the gun ports on the walls. The Old Crusader walls and towers were strengthened and improved so that the whole castle was carefully planned to meet a landward attack. However, this was all in vain as a major siege never occurred.
The inner courtyard of the castle is vast and in one of the rooms leading off it is the Shipwreck Museum, exhibiting the remains of a 4th-century Greek ship, discovered by Andreas Kariolou, a Greek-Cypriot diver, and studied by Michael Katsev of the University Museum of Pennsylvania, in 1967, salvaged not far from Kyrenia together with its cargo. The Kyrenia ship as it is called, was extensively covered by the National Geographic Society.
One can identify the three main castles of the Kyrenia Castle:
- Byzantine Castle [ 330 AD-1192 AD]
- Crusader Castle [1192 AD-1472 AD]
- Venetian Castle [1472 AD-1570 AD]
The town has an icon museum housed in a church that was dedicated to the Archangel Michael. Not far from it there are some tombs cut into the rock dating from about the 4th century. Behind the harbour are the ruins of a small Christian church, and in the harbour is a small tower from which a chain could be slung to close the harbour to any enemies. The Anglican Church of St. Andrews is behind the castle and close to the bus station and is open all year round.
Bellapais Abbey (derives from the French "abbaye de la paix" which means the Peace Monastery) in the Cyprus Northern village of Bellapais in Cyprus. The initial building was constructed between 1198-1205. The main building as it can be seen today was built during the 13th century A.D. by the Franks (French) monks of St. Augustine order, and specifically during the rule of King Hugh III 1267-1284. The pavilions around the courtyard and the refectory were constructed during the rule of King Hugh IV between 1324-1359. You can also see the Ancient Greek Orthodox Church of Mother Mary White Dressed.
Outside the town, on the Kyrenia Mountain Range, you can see the Buffavento Castle, St. Hilarion Castle and Kantara Castle. During the Lusignan rule, Buffavento Castle was a prison and called 'Chateau du Lion', where the despot Byzantine king of the island, Isaac Comnenus, is said to have fled after Richard the Lion Heart conquered Cyprus in 1191. The mountaintop castle of St. Hilarion dominates the town of Kyrenia and is visible for many miles along the coast. Historical records show that the castle was originally a monastery, founded about 800 when a monk by the name of Hilarion chose the site for his hermitage. Later, perhaps in 1100 AD, the monastery was changed into a castle. The easternmost of the three castles is Kantara castle, and like the other two castles, was thought to have been constructed by the Byzantines following the Arab raids on the island. Sources only make mention of the castle in the year 1191, when Richard Lion-Heart captured the island.
[edit] Famous people
- Osman Türkay, a Turkish Cypriot poet of international stature and a nominee for the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1988, was born in Kyrenia.
