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War

Military History

This is a list of missions, operations, and projects. Missions in support of other missions are not listed independently.

Contents

[edit] World War I

World War I, also known as the First World War and the Great War, was a global military conflict which took place primarily in Europe from 1914 to 1918.[1] Over 40 million casualties resulted, including approximately 20 million military and civilian deaths.[2] Over 60 million European soldiers were mobilized from 1914 to 1918.[3] The immediate cause of the war was the June 28, 1914 assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, by Gavrilo Princip, a Bosnian Serb citizen of Austria-Hungary and member of the Black Hand. The retaliation by Austria-Hungary against Serbia activated a series of alliances that set off a chain reaction of war declarations. Within a month, much of Europe was in a state of open warfare.

[edit] World War II

See also: World War II

World War II, or the Second World War, was a global military conflict, the joining of what had initially been two separate conflicts. The first began in Asia in 1937 as the Second Sino-Japanese War; the other began in Europe in 1939 with the German invasion of Poland.[4]

This global conflict split the majority of the world's nations into two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers. It involved the mobilization of over 100 million military personnel, making it the most widespread war in history, and placed the participants in a state of "total war", erasing the distinction between civil and military resources. This resulted in the complete activation of a nation's economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities for the purposes of the war effort. Over 60 million people, the majority of them civilians, were killed, making it the deadliest conflict in human history.[5] The financial cost of the war is estimated at about a trillion 1944 U.S. dollars worldwide,[6][7] making it the most costly war in capital as well as lives.

The Allies were victorious, and, as a result, the United States and Soviet Union emerged as the world's two leading superpowers.

[edit] Cold War Era

Main article: List of Cold War military operations

The Cold War was the period of conflict, tension and competition between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies from the mid-1940s until the early 1990s. Throughout the period, the rivalry between the two superpowers was played out in multiple arenas: military coalitions; ideology, psychology, and espionage; sports; military, industrial, and technological developments, including the space race; costly defence spending; a massive conventional and nuclear arms race; and many proxy wars.

There was never a direct military engagement between the US and the Soviet Union, but there was half a century of military buildup as well as political battles for support around the world, including significant involvement of allied and satellite nations in proxy wars. Although the US and the Soviet Union had been allied against Nazi Germany, the two sides differed on how to reconstruct the postwar world even before the end of World War II. Over the following decades, the Cold War spread outside Europe to every region of the world, as the US sought the "containment" of communism and forged numerous alliances to this end, particularly in Western Europe, the Middle East, and Southeast Asia. There were repeated crises that threatened to escalate into world wars but never did, notably the Berlin Blockade (1948-1949), the Korean War (1950-1953), the Vietnam War (1959-1975), the Cuban Missile Crisis (1962), and the Soviet-Afghan War (1979-1989). There were also periods when tension was reduced as both sides sought détente. Direct military attacks on adversaries were deterred by the potential for mutual assured destruction using deliverable nuclear weapons.

The Cold War drew to a close in the late 1980s following Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev's summit conferences with United States President Ronald Reagan, as well as Gorbachev's launching of reform programs: perestroika and glasnost.

[edit] Korean War

The Korean War was an escalation of border clashes between two rival Korean regimes, each of which was supported by external powers, with each trying to topple the other through political and guerilla tactics. In a very narrow sense, some may refer to it as a civil war, though many other factors were at play.[8] After failing to strengthen their cause in the free elections held in South Korea during May 1950[9] and the refusal of South Korea to hold new elections per North Korean demands, the communist North Korean Army moved south on June 25, 1950 to attempt to reunite the Korean peninsula, which had been formally divided since 1948. The conflict was then expanded by the United States and the Soviet Union's involvement as part of the larger Cold War. The main hostilities were during the period from June 25, 1950 until the armistice (ceasefire agreement) was signed on July 27, 1953.

In South Korea, the war is often called "6·25", or the 6·25 War (Korean: 6·25 전쟁), from the date of the start of the conflict or, more formally, Hanguk Jeonjaeng (Korean: 한국전쟁; Hanja: 韓國戰爭, literally “Korean War”). In North Korea, while commonly known as the Korean War, it is formally called the Fatherland Liberation War (조국해방전쟁). In the United States, the conflict was officially termed a police action — the Korean Conflict — rather than a war, largely in order to avoid the necessity of a declaration of war by the U.S. Congress. The war is sometimes called "The Forgotten War" because it is a major conflict of the 20th century that gets far less attention than World War II, which preceded it, and the controversial Vietnam War, which succeeded it.[10] In China, the conflict was known as the War to Resist America and Aid Korea ( ), but is today commonly called the “Korean War” (朝鮮 戰爭 Chaoxian Zhanzheng,[11] 韓國戰爭 Hanguo Zhanzheng, or simply 韓戰 Hanzhan).

[edit] Vietnam War

The Vietnam War, also known as the Second Indochina War, and in Vietnam as the American War, occurred from 1959 to April 30, 1975. The term "Vietnam Conflict" is often used to refer to events which took place between 1959 and April 30, 1975. The war was fought between the Communist-supported Democratic Republic of Vietnam and the United States supported Republic of Vietnam. It concluded with the defeat and failure of the United States foreign policy in Vietnam.[12][13]

Over 1.4 million military personnel were killed in the war (only 6% were members of the United States armed forces), while estimates of civilian fatalities range from 2 to 5.1 million. On April 30, 1975, the capital of South Vietnam, Saigon fell to the communist forces of North Vietnam, effectively ending the Vietnam War.

[edit] Post-Cold War

[edit] Asia

[edit] Rwanda

[edit] Other Africa

[edit] East Timor

[edit] War in Croatia 1991-1995

  • Operation Otkos 10 (end Oct-Nov 1991) — Croatian actions against rebel Serbs and regular Serbian forces on area from Mount Bilogora to Mount Papuk (on west of Slavonia)
  • Operation Orkan 91 (1991) — Follow-up offensive after Otkos 10.
  • Harmony — Canada's contribution to the United Nation Protection Force (UNPROFOR), which was created in February 1992 to ensure the protection and demilitarization of three UN Protected Areas in Croatia
  • Operation Tigar (July 1992) — Croatian military actions in occupied Dubrovnik hinterland, held by Serbomontenegrian regulars.
  • Medački džep (September 1993) Croatian offensive against rebel Serbs with aim of relieving the city of Gospić from Serb shelling attacks.
  • Bljesak ("Flash") (March 1995) — Croatian offensive against rebel Serbs, with aim of capturing occupied western Slavonia
  • Oluja ("Storm") (August 1995) — Croatian major offensive against areas under control of rebel Serbs.

[edit] War in Bosnia and Herzegovina 1992-1995

  • Maritime Monitor (July 1992 - November 1992) — in support of UN resolutions 713 and 757, operation which subsequently became:
    • Maritime Monitor (November 1992) — in support of UN resolutions 787
  • Sky Monitor (October 1992 -) — NAEW orbit over the Adriatic. On 31 October an additional NAEW orbit was commenced over Hungary
  • Deny Flight (April 1993 - December 1995) — to prevent the violation of the Bosnia-Herzegovina airspace, declared "No-Fly Zone"
  • Neretva '93 (1993) Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina — Bosnian offensive in Herzegovina
  • Bøllebank ("Hooligan-bashing" in Danish) (April 1994) Flag of the United Nations — UN-forces' use of tanks against Bosnian Serbian forces.
  • Amanda (1994) Flag of the United Nations — Danish UN-forces' second engagement against Bosnian Serb forces.
  • Summer '95 (July 1995) {{flagicon|Croatia} — Croatian offensive in west Bosnia
  • Sword '95 (1995) Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina — Bosnian-Serb offensive against Bosnian-Moslem forces in west Bosnia
  • Koridor '92 (1995) Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina — One of the most successful Bosnian-Serb operations against Moslem and Croatian military forces
  • Deliberate Force (August - September 1995) — NATO air campaign in Bosnia and Herzegovina
  • Tiger (1995) Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina — Bosnian offensive against forces of Fikret Abdić
  • Maestral (September 1995) Flag of Croatia — Major Croatia offensive in western Bosnia
  • Južni Potez (October 1995) Flag of Croatia
  • Sana (1995) Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina — Bosnian offensive in northwest Bosnia
  • Pauk (1995) Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina — Bosnian-Serb and Krajina-Serb offensive in northwest Bosnia
  • Una (1995) Flag of Croatia — Failed Croatian operation against Bosnian-Serb Army. Bosnian-Serb victory
  • Joint Endeavor (December 1995) — NATO peace-keeping operation in Bosnia and Herzegovina
  • Joint Guard (December 1996 - 1998) — NATO peace-keeping operation in Bosnia and Herzegovina which established SFOR
  • Joint Forge (1998) — NATO peace-keeping operation in Bosnia and Herzegovina following Operation Joint Guard

[edit] Kosovo War 1999

  • Allied Force (1999) — NATO's air campaign in Yugoslavia
  • Megaphone Flag of Canada — Canada's return of equipment used in Kosovo
  • Potkova ("Horseshoe") (1999) Flag of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia — Yugoslav army offensive against the KLA
  • Quadrant Flag of Canada — Canada's mission in Kosovo

[edit] Macedonia

  • Able Sentry (1993-94) Flag of the United States — Berlin Brigade deployed as part of Multi-National United Nations Protection Forces (UNPROFOR) to Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia to establish Camp Able Sentry and monitor sanctions imposed by NATO against Serbia/Kosovo.
  • Essential Harvest (2001) — month-long NATO mission of disarming ethnic Albanians in the Republic of Macedonia
    • Forage Flag of Canada — Canadian contribution to NATO's Essential Harvest
  • Kinetic Flag of Canada — Canada's contribution to NATO's mission KFOR to secure Kosovo and the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia and to provide humanitarian needs to displaced persons
  • Echo Flag of Canada — Canada sending air forces to Aviano, Italy to enforce a no-fly zone over Balkan region (UNSFOR and UNKFOR)
  • Mountain Storm Flag of the Republic of Macedonia — Macedonian special police operation against Albanian extremists (2007).

[edit] Haiti

[edit] Persian Gulf War

  • Desert Shield (1990-91) Flag of the United States — American buildup prior to Gulf War
  • Desert Storm (1991) — Gulf War
    • Granby Flag of the United Kingdom — British codename for operations during Gulf War
    • Daguet Flag of France — French codename for operations during Gulf War
    • Damask Flag of AustraliaRoyal Australian Navy deployment to the Persian Gulf.
    • Tempesta nel Deserto Flag of Italy — Italian codename for operation during Gulf War
    • Desert Sabre Flag of the United States — Proposed Marine landing on the coast of Iraq.
    • Determination (early 1998) Flag of Canada — Canadian deployment in the Persian Gulf to force Iraq to comply with United Nations inspection agreements.
  • Ace Guard (1991) — The (NATO) Allied Command Europe Mobile Force for Turkey South Border Reinforcement (based at Diyarbakir AFB)
  • Record (1991) Flag of Canada — Canadian mission to secure Iraqi-Kuwaiti border

[edit] Iraq (post-Gulf War)

[edit] Arab-Israeli Conflict

Main article: List of Arab/Isreali conflicts
See also: Israeli-Palestinian conflict

The Arab-Israeli conflict (Arabic: الصراع العربي الإسرائيليAṣ-Ṣirāʿ al-ʿArabī al-'Isrā'īlī, Hebrew: הסכסוך הישראלי ערבי‎) spans roughly one century of political tensions and open hostilities. It involves the establishment of the Zionist movement and the creation of the modern State of Israel. In its early years, it also involves the establishment and independence of several Arab countries following World War I. The changing relationships between Arab nations and Israel are also intimately related, as is the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.

[edit] Global War on Terror and other associated activity

[edit] Afghanistan

[edit] Current Iraq War

[edit] Other military counter-terrorist operations

[edit] Terrorist operations

[edit] Counter-terrorism drills

  • Fast Forward (2005) Mock evacuation of downtown Washington.
  • Firework Fanfare (2005) Mock evacuation of towns in Oklahoma.
  • Highline (2005) Counter-terrorist exercise in Collingwood, Melbourne.
  • TriPOD (2004) Plan to mass inoculate New York City citizens in the event of a biological attack.

[edit] Preventive counter-terrorist operations

[edit] Reactive counter-terrorist operations

[edit] Other/Unknown

  • Abacus — Plan to use the Canadian Forces to maintain and restore vital public services in the event of disruption by the Year 2000 problem.
  • Artisan — Canadian Forces contribution to the Rinas Airfield Rehabilitation Project in Tirana, Albania
  • Breakwater [2] (????) — Australian air and sea operation targeting border incursions by foreign fishing boats off its northern coastline.
  • Bright Star — (1981) American exercise to reenforce allies in the middle east.
  • ChaperonCanada's contribution to the United Nations of one military observer (UNMO).
  • Celesta — Australian naval surveillance in Australia's southern waters against illegal fishing.
  • Condor (1974) — Joint-operations by various South American countries against dissidents in each other's borders.
  • Cranberry — Australian naval surveillance in Australia's northern waters against smuggling and illegal fishing.
  • Eclipse — deployment of Canadian soldiers to east Africa in support of the United Nations Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea (UNMEE)
  • Ezra and Nehemiah (aka Ali Baba) (1950-1952) — mass migration/airlift of Iraqi Jews to Israel
  • Flavius (1988) — SAS action against the IRA in Gibraltar
  • Fusion — Canada's combined contribution to Allied Harmony and Concordia
  • Garden Plot — US Army plan for assistance to civil authorities.
  • Highjump (1947) — US Naval expedition to Antarctica.
  • Nunalivut (2006) — Canadian naval deployment in the Arctic.
  • Parabellum (2007) Italian Mafia-Iraq arms deal investigation.
  • Power Geyser (2005) — Military security support to the 2005 Presidential inauguration.
  • Prudence — Canada's participation in the Mission des Nations Unies dans la République Centrafricaine (MINURCA)
  • Relex (2001) — Australian defence force operations to secure Australia's northern maritime approaches against illegal immigration. Reactivated in 2004 as Operation Relex II.
  • Sure Victory (1997) — Sri Lankan counter-insurgency operations against the Tamil Tigers.
  • Exercise Unified Spirit — large NATO exercise held every two years to train the armed forces of member nations in joint and combined operations.
  • Operation Vijay (1999) — Indian operations against Pakistan.

[edit] Law Enforcement

Main article: List of Law Enforcement operations

[edit] Humanitarian Operations

Other

[edit] Non-military operations

[edit] See also

[edit] External links

** ** Operations and projects

sl:Seznam vojaških operacij fi:Luettelo sotilasoperaatioista