Krakra of Pernik

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For the village, see Krakra, Bulgaria.

Krakra of Pernik (Bulgarian: Кракра Пернишки, Krakra Pernishki) , also known as Krakra Voevoda or simply Krakra, was an 11th-century feudal lord in the First Bulgarian Empire whose domain encompassed 36 castles in what is today southwestern Bulgaria, with his capital at Pernik. He is known for heroically resisting Byzantine sieges on multiple occasions as the Byzantines overran the Bulgarian Empire.

Krakra was a "man remarkable in military affairs" and a high-ranking bolyarin, possibly governor of the Sredets comitatus, under the Tsars Samuil, Gavril Radomir and Ivan Vladislav. His name appears in the historical annals in connection to a Byzantine military campaign in the Bulgarian lands in 1003, when Samuil's army was crushed at the Vardar and the Byzantines captured Skopje. As Basil II's forces headed to seize Sredets, however, in 1004 they came up against Krakra's well-defended fortress of Pernik and the emperor was forced to return to Constantinople after sustaining heavy losses.

In 1016, another campaign by Basil II was stopped by Krakra at Pernik after an unsuccessful 88-day Byzantine siege. As the Byzantine-Bulgarian conflict continued, Krakra and Ivan Vladislav looked for Pecheneg support for a large-scale Bulgarian campaign against the Byzantines and initially pesuaded the Pechenegs to collaborate in the winter of 1016–1017. However, the Byzantine governor of Drastar learned about the plan and notified Basil II. Upon hearing this, the Pechenegs declined to take part, effectively ruining the Bulgarian plans.

Following the death of Ivan Vladislav at Drach, Basil II entered the Bulgarian territory in March 1018 without meeting any resistance. In Odrin, Krakra and 35 other bolyari's envoys met with him and declared that they surrendered their castles now that the Tsar was dead. Basil II met with Krakra personally in Syar and awarded him the title of patrician.

[edit] References

• Делев, Петър; Валери Кацунов, Пламен Митев, Евгения Калинова, Искра Баева, Боян Добрев (2006). "12. Залезът на Първото българско царство", История и цивилизация за 11. клас (in Bulgarian). Просвета. 
• Павлов, Пламен (2002). Цар Самуил и "Българската епопея" (in Bulgarian). София, Велико Търново: ВМРО Русе.