User:Kpalion/Polish heads of state

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Color code

Cream	Dukes
Gold	Kings
Olive	State Leader (dictator)
Lavender	Presidents
Pink	Chairmen of the Council of State
White	Acting and provisional heads of state, including regents and interreges

Contents 1 Early dukedom, until 1138 2 Age of fragmentation, 1138–1306 3 Reunited kingdom, 1306–1572 4 Elective monarchy, 1572–1795 5 Time of partitions, 1795–1918 6 Interbellum and Second World War, 1918–1945 7 Comnunist era, 1945–1990 8 Third Republic, since 1990

[edit] Early dukedom, until 1138

Portrait	House	Name	Style	From	Until	Notes
	Piast	Siemowit	Duke of the Polans	9th-10th century		Semi-legendary tribal ruler
	Piast	Lestek	Duke of the Polans	10th century		Semi-legendary tribal ruler
	Piast	Siemomysł	Duke of the Polans	10th century		Semi-legendary tribal ruler
	Piast	Mieszko I	Duke of Poland	Before 965	25 May 992	Converted to Latin Christianity in 966.
	Piast	Boleslaus I, the Brave Bolesław I Chrobry	Duke of Poland	25 May 992	1000
			King of Poland	1000	17 June 1025	Crowned in 1000 by Emperor Otto III of the Holy Roman Empire and again in 1025 by Archbishop Hipolitus of Gniezno.
	Piast	Mieszko II Lambert	King of Poland	25 December 1025	10 May or 11 May 1034	In exile from 1031 to 1032, period when his brother, Bezprym, was the de facto ruler.
	Piast	Casimir I, the Restorer Kazimierz I Odnowiciel	Duke of Poland	11 May 1034	28 November 1058	Did not assume de facto reign until 1039.
	Piast	Boleslaus II, the Generous (the Bold) Bolesław II Szczodry (Śmiały)	Duke of Poland	28 November 1058	1076
			King of Poland	1076	2 April or 3 April 1082	In exile from 1079.
	Piast	Ladislaus I Herman Władysław I Herman	Duke of Poland	3 April 1082 (de facto from 1079)	4 June 1102	Palatine Sieciech was the virtual power behind the throne until he was deposed between 1097 and 1100 by Ladislaus's sons, Zbigniew and Boleslaus.
	Piast	Zbigniew	Duke of Poland	4 June 1102	1107	Deposed and exiled in 1107 and blinded in 1112 by his brother, Boleslaus
	Piast	Boleslaus III, the Wry-Mouthed Bolesław III Krzywousty	Duke of Poland	1107	28 October 1138

[edit] Age of fragmentation, 1138–1306

Portrait	House	Name	Style	From	Until	Notes
	Piast	Ladislaus II, the Exile Władysław II Wygnaniec	High Duke of Poland	28 October 1138	1146	Duke of Silesia 1138-1146. Deposed and exiled by younger brothers in 1146.
	Piast	Boleslaus IV, the Curly Bolesław IV Kędzierzawy	High Duke of Poland	1146	5 January 1173	Duke of Masovia 1138-1173, of Silesia 1146-1163, of Sandomierz 1166-1173
	Piast	Mieszko III, the Old Mieszko III Stary	High Duke of Poland	1173	1177	Duke of Greater Poland 1138-ca.1178
	Piast	Casimir II, the Just Kazimierz II Sprawiedliwy	High Duke of Poland	1173	1191	Duke of Sandomierz 1173-1194, of Masovia 1186-1194
	Piast	Mieszko III, the Old Mieszko III Stary (again)	High Duke of Poland	1191	1191	Duke of Greater Poland (again) 1182-1202
	Piast	Casimir II, the Just Kazimierz II Sprawiedliwy (again)	High Duke of Poland	1191	1194
	Piast	Leszek I, the White Leszek I Biały	High Duke of Poland	1194	1198	Duke of Sandomierz 1194-1227, of Masovia 1194-1247,
	Piast	Mieszko III, the Old Mieszko III Stary (again)	High Duke of Poland	1198	1202
	Piast	Ladislaus III, Spindleshanks Władysław III Laskonogi	High Duke of Poland	1202	1206	Duke of Greater Poland 1202-1229
	Piast	Leszek I, the White Leszek I Biały (again)	High Duke of Poland	1206	1210
	Piast	Mieszko IV, Tanglefoot Mieszko IV Plątonogi	High Duke of Poland	1210	1211	Duke of Silesia 1163-1173, of Racibórz 1172-1211
	Piast	Leszek I, the White Leszek I Biały (again)	High Duke of Poland	1211	1227	Assassinated
	Piast	Ladislaus III, Spindleshanks Władysław III Laskonogi (again)	Duke of Cracow	1228	1231
	Piast	Henry I, the Bearded Henryk I Brodaty	Duke of Cracow	1232	1238	Duke of Silesia 1201-1238, of Greater Poland 1234-1238
	Piast	Henry II, the Pious Henryk II Pobożny	Duke of Cracow	1238	1241	Duke of Silesia and Greater Poland 1238-1241. Killed in the Battle of Legnica.
	Piast	Conrad Konrad Mazowiecki	Duke of Cracow	1241	1243	Duke of Masovia 1194-1247, of Sandomierz 1194-1200
	Piast	Boleslaus V, the Chaste Bolesław V Wstydliwy	Duke of Cracow	1243	1279	Duke of Sandomierz 1227-1279
	Piast	Leszek II, the Black Leszek II Czarny	Duke of Cracow	1279	1288	Duke of Sandomierz 1279-1288
	Piast	Henry IV, the Righteous Henryk II Probus	Duke of Cracow	1288	1290	Duke of Silesia 1288-1290
	Piast	Premislaus Przemysł	Duke of Cracow	1290	1291	Duke of Greater Poland 1273-1296
			King of Poland	26 June 1295	8 February 1296	Assassinated by Jakub Kaszuba
	Přemyslid	Wenceslaus Wacław II Czeski	Duke of Cracow	1291	1300	King of Bohemia 1283-1305, Duke of Sandomierz 1292-1304, of Greater Poland 1299-1305
			King of Poland	1300	1305

[edit] Reunited kingdom, 1306–1572

Portrait	House	Name	Style	From	Until	Notes
	Piast	Ladislaus I, the Elbow-High Władysław I Łokietek	Duke of Cracow	1306	1320	Duke of Sandomierz 1289-1292, 1304-1320, of Greater Poland 1296-1299, 1314-1320
			King of Poland	20 January 1320	2 March 1333
	Piast	Casimir III, the Great Kazimierz III Wielki	King of Poland	25 April 1333	5 November 1370
	Angevin	Louis Ludwik Węgierski	King of Poland	17 November 1370	10 September 1382	King of Hungary 1342–1382
	Angevin	Hedwig Święta Jadwiga Królowa	Queen regnant of Poland	16 October 1384	17 July 1399	Reigned together with her husband, King Ladislaus II
	Jagiellon	Ladislaus II Władysław II Jagiełło	King of Poland	4 March 1386	1 June 1434	Supreme Duke of Lithuania 1386–1434
	Jagiellon	Ladislaus III Władysław III Warneńczyk	King of Poland	25 July 1434	10 November 1444	King of Hungary 1440–1444. Killed in the Battle of Varna.
	Jagiellon	Casimir IV Kazimierz IV Jagiellończyk	King of Poland	25 June 1447	7 June 1492	Grand Duke of Lithuania 1440–1492
	Jagiellon	John I Albert Jan I Olbracht	King of Poland	23 September 1492	17 June 1501
	Jagiellon	Alexander Aleksander	King of Poland	12 December 1501	19 August 1506	Grand Duke of Lithuania 1492–1506
	Jagiellon	Sigismund I, the Old Zygmunt I Stary	King of Poland	24 January 1507	1 April 1548	Grand Duke of Lithuania 1506–1548
	Jagiellon	Sigismund II Augustus Zygmunt II August	King of Poland	20 February 1530	7 July 1572	Crowned vivente rege as a child; assumed actual reign after Sigismund I's death in 1548. Grand Duke of Lithuania 1548–1572.

[edit] Elective monarchy, 1572–1795

Portrait	House	Name	Style	From	Until	Notes
	Radwan	Jakub Uchański	Interrex	1572	1574
	Valois	Henry Henryk Walezy	King of Poland	21 February 1574	15 June 1575	On 18 June 1574, on the news of his brother, King Charles IX's death, Henry escaped to France to become the new king of France and never to come back to Poland. He was dethroned by the Sejm on 15 June 1575.
	Radwan	Jakub Uchański (again)	Interrex	1575	1576
	Jagiellon	Anna Anna Jagiellonka	Queen regnant of Poland	1 May 1575	12 December 1586	Reigned together with her husband, King Stephen
	Gutkeled	Stephen Stefan Batory	King of Poland	1 May 1575	12 December 1586	Duke of Transylvania 1571–1583; from his election as king of Poland, represented in Transylavania by his brother, Voivod Christopher Báthory.
	Junosza	Stanisław Karnkowski	Interrex	1583	1587
	Vasa	Sigismund III Zygmunt III Waza	King of Poland	27 December 1587	30 April 1632	King of Sweden 1592–1599
	Wąż	Jan Wężyk	Interrex	1632	1633
	Vasa	Ladislaus IV Władysław IV	King of Poland	6 February 1633	20 May 1648	Tsar-elect of Muscovy 1610–1613
	Pomian	Maciej Łubieński	Interrex	1648	1649
	Vasa	John II Casimir Jan Kazimierz	King of Poland	19 January 1649	16 September 1668	Abdicated.
	Belina	Mikołaj Prażmowski	Interrex	1668	1669
	Korybut	Michael Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki	King of Poland	29 September 1669	10 November 1673
	Czartoryski	Kazimierz Florian Czartoryski	Interrex	1673	15 May 1674	Died before election of a new king
	Łabędź	Andrzej Trzebicki	Interrex	15 May 1674	1674	Bishop of Cracow
	Janina	John III Jan III Sobieski	King of Poland	2 February 1676	17 June 1696	Elected in 1674. Coronation delayed because of war
	Junosza	Michał Stefan Cardinal Radziejowski	Interrex	1696	1697
	Wettin	Augustus II, the Strong August II Mocny	King of Poland	15 September 1697	24 September 1706	Prince-elector of Saxony 1694–1733. Abdicated as king of Poland in favor of Anti-King Stanislaus I by the terms of the Treaty of Altranstadt.
	Wieniawa	Stanislaus I Stanisław Leszczyński	King of Poland	24 September 1706	1709	Illegitimately crowned on 4 October 1705 as a de facto anti-king. On 24 September 1706, Augustus II abdicated in favor of him by the terms of the Treaty of Altranstadt. Deposed and exiled in 1709.
	Wettin	Augustus II, the Strong August II Mocny (again)	King of Poland	1709	1 February 1733	Came back to Poland in 1709, in spite of his previous formal abdication, to continue his reign until his death in 1733.
	Piława	Teodor Andrzej Potocki	Interrex	1733	1733
	Wieniawa	Stanislaus I Stanisław Leszczyński (again)	King of Poland	12 September 1733	1736	Legitimately elected in 1733 with his 1705 coronation declared valid. Abdiated on 26 January 1736 as a result of the War of the Polish Succession. Duke of Lorraine 1737–1766.
	Wettin	Augustus III August III Sas	King of Poland	1736	5 October 1763	Prince-elector of Saxony 1733–1763. Illegimately crowned king of Poland on 17 January 1734. In the aftermath of the War of the Polish Succession, a Pacification Sejm declared his coronation valid in 1736.
	Pomian	Władysław Aleksander Łubieński	Interrex	1763	1764
	Ciołek	Stanislaus II Augustus Stanisław August Poniatowski	King of Poland	25 November 1764	1736	Abdicated on 25 November 1795 as a result of the Third Partition of Poland.

[edit] Time of partitions, 1795–1918

Portrait	House	Name	Style	From	Until	Notes
	Wettin	Frederick Augustus Fryderyk August	Duke of Warsaw	1807	1815	King of Saxony 1806–1827
	Romanov	Alexander I Aleksander I Romanow	King (Tsar) of Poland	1815	1825
	Romanov	Nicholas I Mikołaj I Romanow	King (Tsar) of Poland	1825	1855	Dethroned by the Sejm in 1831, during the November Uprising, but kept the title after the uprising's defeat by Russian forces.
	Romanov	Alexander II Aleksander II Romanow	King (Tsar) of Poland	1855	1881	Assassinated by Ignacy Hryniewiecki
	Romanov	Alexander III Aleksander III Romanow	King (Tsar) of Poland	1881	1894
	Romanov	Nicholas II Mikołaj II Romanow	King (Tsar) of Poland	1894	15 March 1917	Abdicated.
	Wierusz	Wacław Niemojowski	Grand Crown Marshal of the Provisional Council of State	6 December 1916	25 August 1917	Head of a provisional collective head of state created by the Central Powers who occupied the Kingdom of Poland from 1915.
	—	Józef Mikułowski-Pomorski, Stanisław Bukowiecki, Kazimierz Natanson	Interim Commission of the Provisional Council of State	28 August 1917	12 September 1917	Replaced the Provisional Council of State after the Oath Crisis in the Polish Legions.
	—	Aleksander Cardinal Kakowski, Prince Zdzisław Lubomirski, Count Józef Ostrowski	Regency Council	12 September 1917	14 November 1918	Provisional collective head of state supposed to select the new king of Poland. Declared independence of Poland on 7 October 1918. Vested in Józef Piłsudski supereme military power on 11 November 1918 and all civilian power on 14 November 1918.

[edit] Interbellum and Second World War, 1918–1945

Portrait	Party	Name	Style	From	Until	Notes
	nonpartisan	Józef Piłsudski	Regent	14 November 1918	22 November 1918	Formally a regent until proclamation of the Republic of Poland, Piłsudski never actually used that title.
			Provisional State Leader	22 November 1918	1919
			State Leader	1919	11 December 1922
	nonpartisan	Gabriel Narutowicz	President of the Republic of Poland	11 December 1922	16 December 1922	Assassinated by Eligiusz Niewiadomski.
	Polish People's Party (PSL)	Maciej Rataj	Marshal of the Sejm	16 December 1922	22 December 1922	Acting president
	Polish People's Party – Piast (PSL Piast)	Stanisław Wojciechowski	President of the Republic of Poland	22 December 1922	15 May 1926	Forced to resign by the May Coup.
	Polish People's Party (PSL)	Maciej Rataj (again)	Marshal of the Sejm	15 May 1926	4 June 1926	Acting president
	nonpartisan	Ignacy Mościcki	President of the Republic of Poland	4 June 1926	30 September 1939	On 17 September, during the German-Soviet invasion, Ignacy Mościcki fled to Romania where he was interned.
	nonpartisan	Władysław Raczkiewicz	President of the Republic of Poland	30 September 1939	6 June 1947	President-in-exile. The London-based Polish government-in-exile lost international recognition in July 1945.

[edit] Comnunist era, 1945–1990

Portrait	Party	Name	Style	From	Until	Notes
	Polish Workers' Party (PPR)	Bolesław Bierut	President of the State National Council	1 January 1945	5 February 1947
			President of the Republic of Poland	5 February 1947	20 August 1952	Office of the President of the Republic of Poland was reintroduced by Communist authorities on 5 February 1947 and abolished on 20 August 1952.
	Polish United Workers' Party (PZPR)	Aleksander Zawadzki	Chairman of the Council of State	21 August 1952	7 August 1964
	Polish United Workers' Party (PZPR)	Edward Ochab	Chairman of the Council of State	12 August 1964	11 April 1968
	Polish United Workers' Party (PZPR)	Marian Spychalski	Chairman of the Council of State	11 April 1968	23 December 1970
	Polish United Workers' Party (PZPR)	Józef Cyrankiewicz	Chairman of the Council of State	23 December 1970	28 March 1972
	Polish United Workers' Party (PZPR)	Henryk Jabłoński	Chairman of the Council of State	28 March 1972	6 November 1985
	Polish United Workers' Party (PZPR)	Wojciech Jaruzelski	Chairman of the Council of State	6 November 1985	19 July 1989
			President of the People's Republic of Poland	19 July 1989	31 December 1989	Office of the President reintroduced on 19 July 1989 as a result the Round Table Agreements.
			President of the Republic of Poland	31 December 1989	22 December 1990	Official name of the country changed back to Republic of Poland on 31 December 1989. Jaruzelski's presidential term was shortened by a constitutional amendment of 27 September 1990 and ended with the Wałęsa's inauguration.

[edit] Third Republic, since 1990

Portrait	Party	Name	Style	From	Until	Notes
	Solidarity Trade Union (NSSZ Solidarność)	Lech Wałęsa	President of the Republic of Poland	22 December 1990	22 December 1995	First president elected in a popular vote
	Social Democracy of the Republic of Poland (SdPR)	Aleksander Kwaśniewski	President of the Republic of Poland	23 December 1995	23 December 2005	First president re-elected in a popular vote, 2000
	Law and Justice (PiS)	Lech Kaczyński	President of the Republic of Poland	23 December 2005	Incumbent