Kiyotake Kawaguchi

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Kiyotake Kawaguchi
3 December 1892 - 16 May 1961

Japanese General Kiyotake Kawaguchi
Place of birth Kochi prefecture, Japan
Allegiance Empire of Japan
Service/branch Imperial Japanese Army
Years of service 1914-1945
Rank Major General
Battles/wars World War II
*Second Sino-Japanese War
*Battle of the Philippines (1941-42)
*Guadalcanal campaign
*Battle of Edson's Ridge
*Battle for Henderson Field
In this Japanese name, the family name is Kawaguchi.

Kiyotake Kawaguchi (川口清健 Kawaguchi Kiyotake?, 3 December 1892 - 16 May 1961) was a general in the Imperial Japanese Army during World War II.

Contents

[edit] Biography

A native of Kochi prefecture, Kiyotake graduated from the 26th class of the Imperial Japanese Army Academy in 1914, and from the 34th class of the Army Staff College in 1922. He spent much of the 1920s and 30s in a series of staff positions in the North China Area Army and in Japan, before his promotion to major general in 1940.[1]

In 1940, Kawaguchi was appointed commander of the IJA 35th Infantry Brigade under the IJA 18th Division, with responsibility for the invasion and occupation of Malaya, Borneo and the Solomon Islands. Kawaguchi arrived at Borneo in December 1941 and, during the later stages of the Japanese occupation of the Philippines, landed at Cebu on March 1942 and Mindanao the following month. As commander of Army forces on Cebu after the invasion of the Philippines in 1942, Kawaguchi objected strenuously to the "revenge killings" of senior Philippine government officials and supreme court justices by Japanese authorities, most notably Japanese Army Colonel Masanobu Tsuji. He argued that, "shooting defeated opponents in cold blood was a violation of the true Bushido." His protests earned him the enmity of Tsuji, who used every opportunity to get Kawaguchi reassigned to combat zones from which he was not likely to return.[2]

Kawaguchi and his 35th Infantry Brigade, along with other attached units, were landed as reinforcements on Guadalcanal in August and September 1942 in response to the Allied landings on the island. In the resulting Battle of Edson's Ridge on 13 September 1942, Kawaguchi's forces were defeated with heavy losses and forced to retreat from the battlefield. Kawaguchi was subsequently relieved of command during the Japanese preparations for another attack in October 1942 and evacuated from the island and back to Japan. [3]

Japanese Major General Kiyotake Kawaguchi (center) with friends in an undated photograph
Japanese Major General Kiyotake Kawaguchi (center) with friends in an undated photograph

Kawaguchi was relegated to the reserve list in 1943. After recovering from a long illness, he was placed in command of the defenses of Tsushima Island in March 1945.

After the war, Kawaguchi was arrested by the SCAP occupation authorities, and was tried and convicted of war crimes. He was imprisoned at Sugamo Prison from 1946 until 1953, which was rather ironic, given his strong opposition to the atrocities ordered by Colonel Masanobu Tsuji. [4] Kawaguchi died in Japan in 1961.

[edit] References

[edit] Books

  • Frank, Richard (1990). Guadalcanal: The Definitive Account of the Landmark Battle. New York: Random House. ISBN 0-394-58875-4. 
  • Fuller, Richard (1992). Shokan: Hirohito's Samurai. London: Arms and Armour Press. ISBN 1854091514. 
  • Harries, Meirion; Susie Harries (1994). Soldiers of the Sun : The Rise and Fall of the Imperial Japanese Army. New York: Random House. ISBN 0-679-75303-6. 
  • Hayashi, Saburo (1959). Kogun: The Japanese Army in the Pacific War. Marine Corps. Association. ASIN B000ID3YRK. 
  • Smith, Michael T. (2000). Bloody Ridge: The Battle That Saved Guadalcanal. New York: Pocket. ISBN 0-7434-6321-8. 

[edit] Web

[edit] Notes

  1. ^ Ammenthorp, The Generals of World War II
  2. ^ Harries, Soldiers of the Sun, p. 338.
  3. ^ Frank, Guadalcanal: The Definitive Account of the Landmark Battle
  4. ^ Geocities
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