Kinkajou

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For the meerkat on Meerkat Manor, see List of Meerkat Manor meerkats#Kinkajou.
Kinkajou

Conservation status
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammal
Order: Carnivora
Family: Procyonidae
Genus: Potos
Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire & Cuvier, 1795
Species: P. flavus
Binomial name
Potos flavus
(Schreber, 1774)
Kinkajou range
Kinkajou range

The Kinkajou (Potos flavus), also known as the Honey Bear, or Sugar Bear, is a rainforest mammal of the family Procyonidae related to the olingo, ringtail, cacomistle, raccoon, and coati. It is the only member of the genus Potos. Native to Central America and South America, this arboreal mammal is not very rare, though it is seldom seen by people because of its strict nocturnal habits. Kinkajous may be mistaken for ferrets or monkeys, but are not related. The kinkajou's wooly fur consists of an outer coat of gold (or brownish-gray) overlapping a gray undercoat. Olingos are similar to kinkajous in morphology and habits. However, genetic studies have shown that the kinkajous were an early offshoot of the ancestral procyonid line and are not closely related to any of the other extant procyonids.[1] The similarities between kinkajous and olingos are thus an example of parallel evolution; the closest relatives of the olingos are actually the coatis.[1]

Contents

[edit] Appearance

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An average adult kinkajou weighs 2–3 kg (4–7 lb). Average adult body length is 17-22 inches; in addition to body length, average tail length is 16-22 inches. Although the kinkajou is classified in the order Carnivora and has sharp teeth, its diet consists mainly of fruit. The kinkajou's slender five-inch extrudable tongue helps the animal to obtain fruit and to lick nectar from flowers, so that it sometimes acts as a pollinator. (Nectar is also obtained by eating entire flowers.) Although captive specimens will avidly eat honey (hence the name "Honey Bear"), honey has not yet been observed in the diet of wild kinkajous.

Like raccoons, kinkajous' remarkable manipulatory abilities rival those of primates. The kinkajou has a short-haired, fully prehensile tail (like some New World monkeys), which it uses as a "fifth hand" in climbing. It does not use its tail for grasping food. Scent glands near the mouth, on the throat, and on the belly allow kinkajous to mark their territory and their travel routes. Kinkajous sleep in family units and groom one another. While they are usually solitary when foraging, they occasionally forage in small groups, and sometimes associate with olingos. The kinkajou is distinguished from the olingo by its prehensile tail, its foreshortened muzzle, its extrudable tongue, and its lack of anal scent glands.

Kinkajous have excellent senses of touch and smell, but poor vision: they cannot differentiate colors.

[edit] As pets

Kinkajous are sometimes kept as pets. They are playful, generally quiet and docile (although sometimes aggressive), and have no noticeable odor.

[edit] Diet

Kinkajous enjoy pineapple, nectar, honey, insects, grapes, mangos, melons, and peas. They live an average of about 23 years in captivity, with a maximum recorded life span of over 40 years. Kinkajous breed throughout the year, giving birth to one or occasionally two small babies after a gestation period of 112 to 118 days.

[edit] Behavior

Kinkajous dislike being awake during the day, and dislike noise and sudden movements. An agitated kinkajou may emit a scream and attack, usually clawing its victim and biting deeply. A nocturnal animal, the kinkajou's peak activity is usually between about 7:00 PM and midnight, and again an hour before dawn. During daylight hours, kinkajous sleep in tree hollows or in shaded tangles of leaves, avoiding direct sunlight.

Kinkajous communicate with a variety of vocalizations. Because their loudest call is shrill and resembles a woman's scream, one Spanish folk name for the kinkajou is "la llorona" ("the weeping woman").

[edit] Subspecies

There are seven subspecies of kinkajou:

  • Potos flavus flavus
  • Potos flavus chapadensis
  • Potos flavus chiriquensis
  • Potos flavus megalotus
  • Potos flavus meridensis
  • Potos flavus modestus
  • Potos flavus nocturnus

Potos flavus

[edit] References

  1. ^ a b K.-P. Koepfli, M. E. Gompper, E. Eizirik, C.-C. Ho, L. Linden, J. E. Maldonado, R. K. Wayne (2007). "Phylogeny of the Procyonidae (Mammalia: Carvnivora): Molecules, morphology and the Great American Interchange". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 43: 1076-1095. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2006.10.003. 

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