Kingdom of Cusco

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See also: Inca empire and Cusco

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Curacazgo Inca Kingdom of Cusco 1197 – 1438 → Map of the Kigdom of Cusco. Capital Cusco (1197-1438) Language(s) Quechua, Puquina. Religion Inca religion Government Monarchy Sapa Inca  - 1200-1230 Manco Capac  - 1230-1260 Sinchi Roca  - 1260-1290 Lloque Yupanqui  - 1290-1320 Mayta Capac  - 1320-1350 Capac Yupanqui  - 1350-1380 Inca Roca Historical era Pre-Columbian  - Manco Capac organized the Kingdom of Cusco 1197  - Pachacutec created the Tawantinsuyu 1438 Area 40,000 km² (15,444 sq mi)

Contents 1 History 2 Sapa Incas 2.1 First dynasty 2.2 Second dynasty 3 Notes 4 Bibliography

[edit] History

See also: Inca mythology and Inca history

The Inca people began as a tribe in the Cuzco area around the 12th century AD. Under the leadership of Manco Capac, they formed the small city-state of Cuzco (Quechua Qosqo), shown in red on the map.

In 1438 AD, under the command of Sapa Inca (paramount leader) Pachacutec, whose name literally meant "world-shaker", they began a far-reaching expansion. The land Pachacutec conquered was about the size of the Thirteen Colonies of the United States in 1776, and consisted of nearly the entire Andes mountain range.

Pachacutec reorganized the kingdom of Cuzco into an empire, the Tahuantinsuyu, a federalist system which consisted of a central government with the Inca at its head and four provincial governments with strong leaders: Chinchasuyu (NW), Antisuyu (NE), Contisuyu (SW), and Collasuyu (SE). Pachacuti is also thought to have built Machu Picchu, either as a family home or as a Camp David-like retreat.

[edit] Sapa Incas

[edit] First dynasty

The Sapa Inca of the first dynasty of the Kingdom of Cuzco were, in order, Manco Capac, Sinchi Roca, Lloque Yupanqui, Mayta Capac, and Capac Yupanqui. Little is known of these early rulers, but as a rough guide, in later years capac meant warlord and sinchi meant leader. The beginning of the dynasty is generally taken as about 1200 CE.

[edit] Second dynasty

The Sapa Inca of the second dynasty of the Kingdom of Cuzco were, in order, Inca Roca, Yahuar Huacac, Viracocha, and Pachacuti (considered also the first Sapa Inca of the Tawantinsuyu). The second dynasty marked the transition in dominance from the hurin to hanan family.

[edit] Notes

[edit] Bibliography

• (Spanish) María Rostworowski. Enciclopedia Temática del Perú: Incas. Lima: El Comercio S.A., 2004.
• (Spanish) Editorial Sol 90. Historia Universal 5: América precolombina. Barcelona, España, 2002.
• (English) Bushnell. Peru, Ancient people and places.
• (English) MacQuarrie, Kim. The Last Days of the Incas. Simon & Schuster, 2007. ISBN 978-0743260497.