Kinaray-a language
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Kinaray-a | ||
|---|---|---|
| Spoken in: | Philippines | |
| Region: | Iloilo and Antique provinces, western Panay | |
| Total speakers: | 1,051,968 | |
| Language family: | Austronesian Malayo-Polynesian Borneo-Philippines Central Philippine Visayan Western Visayan Kinaray-a |
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| Language codes | ||
| ISO 639-1: | none | |
| ISO 639-2: | phi | |
| ISO 639-3: | krj | |
| Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. | ||
Kinaray-a is an Austronesian language spoken mainly in Antique Province in the Philippines. It is also spoken in Iloilo province and certain villages in Mindanao that trace their roots to Antique Province or Kinaray-a speaking areas of Iloilo Province. Kinaray-a came from the word "iraya" equivalent to "ilaya" in Tagalog, which refers to a group of people residing in the mountain areas of the province. While groups of people residing near the river delta are referred to as "ilawod" from the Hiligaynon word "lawod", which refers to a large body of water (sea, ocean, lake, or strait). However, Kinaray-a does not necessarily refers to the way or language spoken by the highlanders of Panay Island. Speakers of this language are called, "Karay-a."
Kinaray-a is also spoken in most parts of Iloilo together with Hiligaynon. Most towns of Iloilo speak Kinaray-a while Hiligaynon is mostly spoken in the city area. Due to regional proximity, media and television stations, Kinaray-a speakers can understand Hiligaynon speakers. However, only Hiligaynon speakers who reside in Kinaray-a speaking areas can understand the language. Those who come from other areas, like Negros, have difficulty in understanding the language, if they can at all.
It is a misconception among some Hiligaynon speakers that Kinaray-a is a variation of Hiligaynon; the reality is that the two belong to two different, but related, language subgroups.
It belongs to the Visayan language family.
Contents |
[edit] Dialects
There has not been any actual study on the dialects of Kinaray-a. Speakers both of Kinaray-a and Hiligaynon would however admit to hearing the differences in the ways by which Kinaray-a speakers from different towns speak. Differences in vocabulary can also observed between and among the dialects.
The differences and the degrees by which the dialects differ from each other depend largely on the area's proximity to another different language-speaking area. Thus, in Antique, there are, on the northern parts, varieties that are similar to Aklanon, the language of Aklan, its neighbor on the north. On the south, in Iloilo towns in the other hand, the dialects closely resemble that of the standard Kinaray-a spoken in San Jose de Buenavista, lowland Sibalom and Hamtic.
[edit] Phonology
[edit] Vowels
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This article or section contains only non-IPA pronunciation information which should be expanded with the International Phonetic Alphabet. For assistance, see Wikipedia:Manual of Style (pronunciation). |
A
E (uncommon - mostly "I" below)
I
O (uncommon - mostly "U" below)
U
Ə
The vowels E and O are used mostly in non-Kinaray-a words. The "E" and "O" sounds from the same words in other (mostly Non-Visayan) Filipino languages are often pronounced as "I" and "U" respectively. "U" is sometimes interchanged with "Ə" (like the kinaray-a word for river - some say "suBA", others say "səBA".
For example:
| English | Tagalog | Kinaray-a | Hiligaynon |
| Head | Ulo | Ulu | Ulu |
| Ball | BOla | BUla | BUla |
| Animal | HAyup | SApat | SApat |
[edit] Consonants
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Please help improve this section by expanding it. Further information might be found on the talk page or at requests for expansion. |
[edit] Grammar
[edit] Nouns
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Please help improve this section by expanding it. Further information might be found on the talk page or at requests for expansion. |
[edit] Pronouns
| Absolutive₁ (emphatic) |
Absolutive₂ (non-emphatic) |
Ergative₁ (postposed) |
Ergative₂ (preposed) |
Oblique | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person singular | ako | takən | nakən, ko | akən | kanakən |
| 2nd person singular | ikaw, kaw | timo | nimo, mo | imo | kanimo |
| 3rd person singular | - | tana | nana, na | ana | kanana, kana |
| 1st person plural inclusive | kita | tatən | natən, ta | atən | kanatən |
| 1st person plural exclusive | kami | tamən | namən | amən | kanamən |
| 2nd person plural | kamo | tinyo | ninyo, nyo | inyo | kaninyo |
| 3rd person plural | sanda | tanda | nanda | anda | kananda |
[edit] Numbers
| 1 | isara/sara |
| 2 | darwa |
| 3 | tatlo |
| 4 | apat |
| 5 | lima |
| 6 | anum |
| 7 | pito |
| 8 | walo |
| 9 | siyam |
| 10 | polo |
| 11 | napolo kag sara |
| 50 | kalim-an |
| 100 | sangkagatos |
| 1000 | sangkalibo |
| 100,000 | sangkagatos ka libo |
| 500,000 | lima ka gatos ka libo |
| 1000000 | sangkamilyon |
[edit] Common Expressions
Are you eating well? - Mayad man panga-ən mo?
Good. - Mayad.
Go on, eat some more. - Padayuna ka-ən mo kag duruha pa.
How are you feeling? - Ano bay pamatyag mo?
I am going now. - Mapanaw ako rən.
I don't know. - Wara takən kamaan. (Or simply: Maan a.)
I don't like it. - Indi takən ka-uyun kari-a/kara.
I don't want to. - Indi takən kadya / Indi takən.
I miss him/her. - Nahidlaw ako kana.
I miss them. - Nahidlaw ako kananda.
I miss you. - Nahidlaw ako kanimo.
I miss you very much. - Nahidlaw gid takən kanimo.
Just sleep here tonight. - Hingga kaw lang ridjya e.
It's still raining hard. - Nagabunuk pa ang oran.
Let's eat breakfast now. - Mamahaw ta.
Let's eat lunch now. - Ma-igma ta rən.
Let's eat supper now. - Mayapun ta rən.
Let's go! - Panaw/Halin ta rən.
Be quick! - Dasiga/Dali-a/Dərəti.
Slowly, you might slip and fall. - Hinay lang, basi makadanləg ikaw kag matumba.
The road is slippery. - Danləg ang dalan.
Well, that's good. - Te, mayad i.
Where is she/he? - Di-in rən tana bay?
Who is your helper here? - Sin-o ang timbang mo ridya?
Who is watching over you? - Sin-o nagabantay kanimo?
Who is that? - Sin-o ria/ra?
Why? - Ngaa haw?
Only one - Sambato / sambilog / isara lang gid /isara lang haw
You are still in good health. - Mayad man gihapon ang panglawasən mo.
You gained a little weight. - Nagtərətambək gawa timo.
Wow! That's very fast! - Baw, dasig-dasig ba!
[edit] See also
- Languages of the Philippines
- Filipino
- Cebuano
- Kapampangan
- Chabacano
- Pangasinan
- Visayan languages
- Bikol
- Ilokano
- Hiligaynon
- Waray-Waray
