Kiev Bandurist Capella
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The Kiev Bandurist Capella (Ukrainian: Київська капeла бандуристiв, Kyivs’ka kapela banduristiv) is a male vocal chorus that accompanies its singing with the playing of the multi-stringed Ukrainian folk instrument known as the bandura.
The group was initially established as the Kobzar Choir in August of 1918 under the direction of the renown bandurist virtuoso Vasyl Yemetz. Despite intermitant period of non-activity the group continues to perfor, to this day.
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[edit] History
[edit] Preamble
The idea of organizing a kobzar ensemble came to Yemetz after seeing a concert of 4 kobzars in Okhtyrka: Ivan Kuchuhura Kucherenko, Pavlo Hashchenko, Petro Drevchenko and Hamaliya on August 20, 1911. In some of the songs, the kobzari were joined by the lira (instrument) player Sampson Veseliy. This seemed to have been the catalyst for the formation of the first Kobzar Choir.
Initially, Yemetz tried to organize a Bandurist Capella in Kharkiv from his students in 1913. His next experiment was with his new students in the historic Kuban region in 1913-1914 in Yekaterinodar, but none of these experiments were fully successful. This could have been possibly due to the youth and inexperience of Yemetz himself. In 1914, he travelled to Moscow where he had the chance to see the bandura ensemble that was organized by Vasyl Shevchenko and he was aware of the bandura ensemble organized by Mykhailo Domontovych.
[edit] Organization
In April 1917, Yemetz first lived in Kiev travelling there as a delegate to the First Ukrainian Congress. After returning back to Kharkiv, he finally decided to move back to Kiev and to permanently settle there. In May of 1918, he placed ads in the newspapers "Vidrodzhennia", "Robitnycha hazeta" and "Narodna volia" asking for interested persons to approach him for the intent of organizing a kobzar ensemble.
A number of bandurists answered the advertisement and they had their initial gathering in June of the same year. Altogether 18 people came to the first meeting. Each had varied playing levels, musical knowledge, and bandura proficiency. Each played different styles of bandura made by various makers. The Chernihiv-style was chosen over the Kharkiv-style by Yemetz as being easier for every one to initially master. A standard tuning had to be chosen which initially also proved problematic. Some of those initially interested dropped out because they could not read music and though that it was not traditional for a bandurist to play from written music.
The group was initially known as the "Kobzarsky khor" (Kobzar Choir) and later "Kapela Kobzariv" (Kobzar Capella). Yemetz states that the word bandurist was not used at all.
[edit] First performance
After a few months of rehearsing, they were ready for their concert debut. This also proved problematic because none of the bandurists had the money to pay the rent required for a concert hall in Kiev. This obstacle was overcome by the direct intervention of Hetman Pavlo Skoropadsky. Before their first independent concert, they had a chance of performing as a group at the Hetman's Palace. After hearing them perform, Hetman Skoropadsky was so moved that he made sure that the rental fee was paid for the use of the second largest hall in Kiev after the Opera Hall - the Bergonie Theatre (now known as the Lesya Ukrainka Theatre). The premiere concert of the Kiev Kobzar Choir took place November 3, 1918.
The program given by Yemetz for the first concert included the following songs:
- Kozatskiy pokhid (Hey nu khloptsi do zbroyi) Arrangement V. Yemetz - (Instrumental)
- Pro Morozenka (solo)
- Ta lita orel - Arrangement V. Yemetz
- Duma - Pro smert' kozaka bandurysta (solo)
- Hey na hori ta zhentsi zhnut' - Arrangement V. Yemetz
- My hajdamaky
- Ya siohodni shchos' duzhe sumuyu (solo)
- Vyklyk - Arrangement V. Yemetz - Instrumental
- Hopak (by M. Kropovnytsky) - Instrumental
- Tarasova nich (solo) - V. Yemetz
- Oy shchozh to za shum - uchynyvsia - Arrangement V. Yemetz
- Kyselyk (solo)
- Ta vzhe rokiv dvisti
- Hey ne dyvuyte dobriyi liudy
- Oy za hayem, hayem
- Horlytsia - Instrumental
- Hrechanyky
"Kozatskiy Pokhid (Hey nu khloptsi do zbroyi)" and "Vyklyk" are still played by bandurists in North America although it seems that the pieces are often ascribed to bandurist Mykola Teliha, a Kuban Cossack, member of this initial Kobzar Choir, and a student of Vasyl Yemetz. These works were recorded by Teliha by a Polish record company "Syrena Elektro" and were published in a collection of bandura works in Prague in 1926.
The concert was a resounding success. The music section of the Directive of Culture and Art of the Ministry of Education commissioned a project to fund the chorus, open a bandura school, a hostel for blind kobzars, a workshop for the manufacture of banduras, and the formation of a kobzar museum.
Other concerts followed in the Shuliavka neighborhood and in what is now known as the Kiev Philarmony on European Square of Khreschatyk. Yemetz was also invited to teach bandura at the Ukrainian Music Institute in Kiev which later became the Kiev Conservatory. Numerous performances followed for the members in the Ukrainian Army.
Their final performance took place at a concert dedicated to the memory of Taras Shevchenko in Kiev in 1919. After this, the political situation in Kiev changed dramatically and the group disbanned. Yemetz travelled to Prague where he established a bandura school and a second bandura chorus in 1923 which received excellent reviews in the Soviet Ukrainian music magazines in 1925.
[edit] Membership
Yemetz states that initially the Kobzar Choir had 7 only members:
- V. Yemetz (director), moved to Prague, then the US.
- Hryhoriy Kopan (1887—1938), a student of V. Potapenko; arrested and shot in 1938.
- Khvedir Dibrova, Kuban Cossack; shot in 1919.
- Fedir Doroshko (1888—1938), arrested and shot in 1938.
- M. Panchenko, arrested and disappeared, later presumed shot.
- Andriy Slidiuk, post office worker; shot in the spring of 1919 in Starokonstantynivka.
- Mykhailo Teliha, Kuban Cossack; emigrated to Prague, shot by Germans in 1942.
Yemetz does not remember the participation of Oleksiy Dziubenko (who by other accounts joined the Kiev Bandurist Chorus in 1925) nor Hryhoriy Andriychyk, Josyp Snizhniy, or Vasyl Potapenko.
Bandurist and professor Mykola Shchohol gives the names of the members of the reconstituted group formed in 1923 as:
- Hryhoriy Andriychyk, arrested in 1937.
- Fedir Doroshko, shot 1938.
- Hryhoriy Kopan, shot 1938.
- M. Panchenko, arrested and disappeared
- Marko Kashuba, also a student of V. Potapenko and the organizer of a bandurist chorus in Kharkiv in 1925. Arrested and shot in 1938.
- H. Tsebrenko, shot in 1938.
Of the original members whom Yemetz remembered, only three were in the re-established group: Doroshko, Kopan and Panchenko.
The fate of the participants of the first Kiev Kobzar Choir does not seem to be a very happy one:
- Hryhoriy Kopan (1887—1938), a student of V. Potapenko; was arrested by the GPU in 1930 and again on March 19, 1938. He was shot on April 28, 1938 at 23.00.
- Fedir Doroshko, arrested on February 15, 1937 as a leader of a counter-revolutionary group and shot on April 28, 1938 at 23.00.
- Andriy Slidiuk, post office worker; was shot by the Bolsheviks in the spring of 1919.
- Khvedir Dibrova, Kuban Cossack from Krasnodar, and student of Vasyl Yemetz. Shot in 1919.
- M. Panchenko, arrested and later disappeared.
- Mykhailo Teliha (1900—1942), Kuban Cossack; emigrated to Prague, and later performed throughout Western Ukraine and Poland. He was shot by the Nazis in 1942 with his poetess wife Olena in the tragic Babi Yar massacre in Kiev.
The only one that survived and did not die a violent death was director Vasyl Yemetz (1891-1982), who emigrated from Ukraine, moved to Prague and then settled in the United States.
There are no known photographs of the first Kiev Bandurist Chorus known as the Kobzar Choir, however a photograph of a poster from 1919 was included in Omelchenko's Candidates thesis on the history and development of the bandura.
[edit] References
- Yemetz, V. - Het'man Pavlo Skoropadskiy ta persha Kapelia Kobzariv - in Yemetz's collection - U zolote 50-richchia na sluzhbi Ukraini, Toronto, 1961
- Yemetz, V. - Na dobru slavy Ukraini- h. Ukrains'kyj robitnyk, Canada 17/11/1950
