Khitrovka
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Khitrov marketplace (Russian: Хитров рынок), also known as Khitrovka (Russian: Хитровка), was a square in the centre of Moscow from 1820 to 1930. This square was located in place of today’s house №11a in Podkolokolny sidestreet. In the second half of the nineteenth century Khitrovka became a bawdy place of Moscow, a den for thousands of unemployed and criminals. It is described by V.A. Gilyarovsky, C.S. Stanislavsky and other authors. .
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[edit] History
The early buildings of the square was destroyed by the 1812 Moscow fire. In 1823 the waste land was bought by major-general N.Z. Khitrovo who was granted with a permission to erect a meat and greens market there. Khitrovo died in 1826 before he had time to complete this work. The idle market was used each year only for a short period in wintertime, from Christmas to «mjasoyed» (two weeks before Maslenitsa), when peasants from around Moscow came to sell frozen meat, poultry and venison.
In the 1860s Khitrovka became a job market for unskilled labour, drawing unemployed peasants who were seeking their fortune in the big city. Many of them couldn’t find work and settled here forever. The square was a shelter for escaped convicts, broken citizens and other hard up people. Four doss-houses faced the square.
These places were visited repeatedly in late 19th – early 20th century by L.N. Tolstoy, T.L. Schepkina-Kupernik, V.A. Gilyarovsky, C.S. Stanislavsky, V.I. Nemirovich-Danchenko and the artist V.A. Simov who painted decorations for the play «the Lower Depths» by M. Gorky. A.K. Savrasov finished his life in poverty here. The grand duchess Elizaveta Fedorovna, the foundress of Marfo-Mariinsky Convent, established the school in the convent for orphans and children picked up by her at the Khitrov marketplace.
All the dens were liquidated in twenties of the 20th century; before world war II a school was built on the square.
[edit] Current situation
In 2008 «DON-stroy», a building company, has designed a project of building-up of the former Khitrov square. According to this plan, an eight-storied office centre shall be erected in place of the electromechanics college located in 11a Podkolokolny sidestreet. These plans of a modern office building of glass and concrete in the very heart of the famous Khitrovka became a reason for arising of a great protest from the local grass root organisations, as well as other citizens of Moscow. Several collective appeals to the authorities have taken place; collection of signatures is now being carried out.[1].
[edit] Sights
Architecture environment of the Khitrov square has an extra high undamaged state. The architecture ensemble of Khitrovka consists of:
- Khitrovo’s house (XVIII century) (16A Podkolokolny sidestreet)
- City manor of Lopukhiny-Kirjakovy (mid. 18th – early 19th century) A.N. Scriabin, the famous Russian composer and pianist, was born here on 25th of December in 1871 (3/1, building 2 Khitrovsky sidestreet)
- Stolnik Buturlin’s mansion (17th century) (11/11/1, 2 building Podkopaevsky sidestreet)
- Former Osterman’s manor (18th century) – former Miasnitsky police station (19th century) (2 Chitrovsky sidestreet)
All the three churches surrounding Khitrovka have been preserved:
- Church of St. Peter and St. Paul near Yauza gate (1700, bell tower 1771)
- Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker of Podkopai (17th century, bell tower 1750)
- Church of the Three Holy Hierarchs in Kulishki (1670-1674)
