Khapra beetle
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| Khapra beetle | ||||||||||||||
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| Trogoderma granarium |
The Khapra beetle (Trogoderma granarium) is found around South Asia and in the United States, but did not reported present in Indonesia. As such, any import of grain or dried fruit is subject to quarantine law in Australia and New Zealand.
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[edit] Description of the insect
Khapra beetle (Trogoderma granarium) is one of the world’s worst stored product pests. Adult beetles are brownish and 2-3 millimetres long. Immature larvae are up to 5 mm long and are covered in dense, reddish-brown hair.
It can live up to 7 years in the egg stage and then able to hatch and infect.
[edit] Extent of global spread
Khapra beetle originated in India and has become established in a number of Mediterranean, Middle Eastern, Asian and African countries. Presently Thailand is declared free of Khapra Beetle.
List of Countries: Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Benin (Peoples Rep), Burkina, Burundi, Cambodia (Kampuchea), Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo, Cyprus, Djibouti, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea Bissau, Rep., India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Ivory Coast, Jordan, Kenya, Korea, Republic Of (South Korea), Kuwait, Laos, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Mozambique, Myanmar (Burma), Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Qatar, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somali Republic, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Swaziland, Syria, Taiwan, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Zaire Republic, Zambia, Zimbabwe
It has been accidentally introduced and subsequently successfully eradicated in the United States at huge cost.
The beetle prefers hot, dry conditions and is often found in grain and food stores, in malthouses, seed processing plants, fodder production plants, dried milk factories, stores of packing materials (used or unused sacks, bags, crates) and kitchen pantries.
[edit] Chemical control
Methyl bromide -Khapra beetle rate
80g/m³ for 48 hours at 21°C at Normal Atmospheric Pressure (NAP) with an end point concentration at 48 hours of 20g/m³.
Note: The fumigation must undergo a monitor at 24 hours to ensure a minimum concentration of 24g/m³.
Add 8g/m³ for each 5ºC the temperature is expected to fall below 21ºC to a minimum of 10°C. It is the minimum temperature during the course of the fumigation that is to be used for the calculation of the dose. AQIS does not accept dosage compensation for temperatures above 21°C or below 10°C unless otherwise specified.
Permethrin is also used in some cases.
[edit] External links
- Khapra beetle at Pestproducts.com
- PestTracker Invasive Insect: Khapra beetle at Center for Environmental and Regulatory Information Systems
