Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug
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Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug—Yugra (Russian: Ха́нты-Манси́йский автоно́мный о́круг — Югра́, Khanty-Mansiysky avtonomny okrug – Yugra), or Khantia-Mansia, is a federal subject of Russia (an autonomous okrug of Tyumen Oblast). The people native to the region are the Khanty and the Mansi, known collectively as Ob Ugric people, whose languages are the closest relatives to Hungarian.
The general territory was known as Yugra. For details of the long history of conflict between the Khanty, Mansi and Russia see the Yugra page.
The local languages, Khanty language and Mansi language are co-official in this region along with Russian.
The majority of the oil produced in Russia comes from Khantia-Mansia, giving the region great economic importance.
The okrug was established on December 4, 1939, as the Autonomous District of the Ostyaks and Voguls (Остя́ко-Вогу́льский автоно́мный о́круг). In 1942, it was renamed Autonomous District of the Khanty and Mansis. The administrative centre is Khanty-Mansiysk.
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[edit] Geography
Principal rivers in this region are Ob and its tributary Irtysh.
[edit] Time zone
Khantia-Mansia is located in the Yekaterinburg Time Zone (YEKT/YEKST). UTC offset is +0500 (YEKT)/+0600 (YEKST).
[edit] Administrative divisions
[edit] Demographics
Population: Khantia-Mansia has an area of 523,100 km², but the area is sparsely populated with a total population of 1,432,817 according to the 2002 Census. The administrative centre is Khanty-Mansiysk, with 53,953 inhabitants, but the largest cities are Surgut (285,027), Nizhnevartovsk (239,044), and Nefteyugansk (107,830).
Ethnic groups: The indigenous population (Khanty, Mansi, Nenets) is only 2% of the total population. The exploitation of natural gas in Khantia-Mansia has attracted immigrants from all over the former Soviet Union. The 2002 Census counted twenty-five ethnic groups of more than two thousand persons each. The national composition was • Russian 66.05% • Ukrainian 8.60% • Tatar 7.50% • Bashkir 2.50% • Azeri 1.75% • Belarusians 1.43% • Khanty 1.20% • Chuvash 1.07% • Moldovan 0.76% • Mansi 0.69% • Kumyk 0.67% • Lezgin 0.60% • German 0.58% • Mari 0.51% • Chechen 0.48% • Armenian 0.45%% • Mordovian 0.44% • Tajik 0.39% • Uzbek 0.36% • Kazakh 0.30% • Udmurt 0.26% • Komi-Permiak 0.19% • Nogai 0.17% • Komi 0.16% • Kyrgyz 0.14% • Dargin 0.14% • Avar 0.13% • Polish 0.13% • Bulgarian 0.12% • Gagauz 0.11% • Nenets 0.09% • Georgian 0.09% • Greek 0.08% • Lak 0.07% • Korean 0.06% • Turkish 0.06% • Ossetian 0.06% • Ingush 0.05% • Jewish 0.05% • Komi-Izhem 0.05% • and Lithuanian 0.04%, with many other groups of less than five hundred persons each. 0.92% of the inhabitants declined to state their nationality on the census questionnaire.[1] Historical population figures are shown below:
| census 1939 | census 1959 | census 1970 | census 1979 | census 1989 | census 2002 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Khanty | 12,238 (13.1%) | 11,435 (9.2%) | 12,222 (4.5%) | 11,219 (2.0%) | 11,892 (0.9%) | 17,128 (1.2%) |
| Mansi | 5,768 (6.2%) | 5,644 (4.6%) | 6,684 (2.5%) | 6,156 (1.1%) | 6,562 (0.5%) | 9,894 (0.7%) |
| Nenets | 852 (0.9%) | 815 (0.7%) | 940 (0.3%) | 1,003 (0.2%) | 1,144 (0.1%) | 1,290 (0.1%) |
| Komi | 2,436 (2.6%) | 2,803 (2.3%) | 3,150 (1.2%) | 3,105 (0.5%) | 3,000 (0.2%) | 3,081 (0.2%) |
| Russians | 67,616 (72.5%) | 89,813 (72.5%) | 208,500 (76.9%) | 423,792 (74.3%) | 850,297 (66.3%) | 946,590 (66.1%) |
| Ukrainians | 1,111 (1.2%) | 4,363 (3.5%) | 9,986 (3.7%) | 45,484 (8.0%) | 148,317 (11.6%) | 123,238 (8.6%) |
| Tatars | 2,227 (2.4%) | 2,938 (2.4%) | 14,046 (5.2%) | 36,898 (6.5%) | 97,689 (7.6%) | 107,637 (7.5%) |
| Others | 1,026 (1.1%) | 6,115 (4.9%) | 15,629 (5.8%) | 43,106 (7.6%) | 163,495 (12.7%) | 223,959 (15.6%) |
Vital statistics (2005)
- Births: 19,958 (birth rate 13.5)
- Deaths: 10,415 (death rate 7.1)
Vital Statistics for 2007: Source
Birth Rate: 14.61 per 1000
Death Rate: 7.01 per 1000
Net Immigration: +3.4 per 1000
NGR: +0.76% per Year
PGR: +1.10% per Year
[edit] Religion
Majority are orthodox christians, with a significant minority of the population follow islam at about 17%.
[edit] Transport
In the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug primary transport of goods accounted for water and railway transport, 29% is transported by road, and 2% aviation. The total length of railway tracks 1106 km. The length of roads, more than 18000.
[edit] References
- ^ (2002). "National Composition of Population for Regions of the Russian Federation" (XLS). . 2002 Russian All-Population Census Retrieved on 2006-07-20.
[edit] External links
- The official website of the public authorities Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug (Russian) (English)
- Official site Duma Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug (Russian)
