Kepier Hospital
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Kepier Hospital (properly the Hospital of St Giles of Kepier) is a medieval hospital of Kepier, Durham, England.
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[edit] Founding at Gilesgate
The hospital was founded at Gilesgate, Durham by Bishop Flambard as an almshouse "for the keeping of the poor who enter the same hospital". It was dedicated to God and St Giles, the patron saint of beggars and cripples. The first hospital chapel (now St Giles Church, Gilesgate) was dedicated in June 1112. Other than the church, the original buildings were wooden or wattle-and-daub structures. Flambard endowed the hospital with a range of lands including the manor of Caldecotes, the mill on Durham's Millburn and corn from fifteen of his villages. Godric of Finchale was a doorkeeper of the hospital church before settling at Finchale.
The hospital buildings (with the exception of the church) were destroyed along with Caldecotes by the men of William Cumin, Chancellor of King David I of Scotland who claimed to be the rightfully elected Bishop of Durham in order to prevent succour to the advancing army of his opponent, William of St Barbara.
[edit] Building at Kepier
The hospital was refounded beside the River Wear at Kepier, c.1180 by Bishop Hugh le Puiset with an establishment of thirteen brethren, serving around thirteen (male) inmates as well as travellers and pilgrims. Puiset bestowed more lands including the village of Clifton, a lead-mine in Weardale, a peat bog at Newton and more rights to corn from the Bishop's villages (gillycorn). In order to further secure the finances of the hospital, Puiset granted a charter allowing the creation of the borough of St Giles, the nucleus of modern Gilesgate, with many burgesses probably drawn from Caldecotes and Clifton.
Kepier was frequently bound up with the politics of the border country with Edward I and Queen Isabella staying at the hospital on their journeys north. Kepier suffered from raids by the Scots with goods seized from Durham in 1315 and the raiding of Kepiers' northern possessions.
[edit] Dissolution
Kepier Hospital was inspected in 1535 as part of Henry VIII's Valor Ecclesiasticus survey of monasteries. Kepier was shown to be the richest hospital in the diocese, devoting 25% of its gross annual income of £186 0s. 10d. to almsgiving. Kepier maintained four choral chaplain, 10 inmates and distributed doles to the poor at the gates of £16 5s. a year. Henry ordered the closure of the lesser monastic houses (including Kepier) prompting the doomed Pilgrimage of Grace rebellion. The Master of the Hospital supported the Bishop of Durham in opposing the Pilgrims, although its (lay) steward Sir John Bulmer was executed for participating in the rebellion. Legislation of 1539 extended the suppression to some hospitals, which included Kepier, but spared Sherburn Hospital and Greatham Hospital. Kepier and its lands were granted to Henry's Secretary of State, Sir William Paget although these soon reverted back to the Crown, and a succession of lay owners.
[edit] Buildings and Paths
The first hospital church remains in use as the parish church of St Giles, Gilesgate. No other buildings from the first hospital survive.
Lay owners of Kepier, the Heath family made substantial alterations to the hospital site, including laying out of gardens and the erection of a mansion where the chapel and infirmary may have once stood. By 1827 this house had become a 'Kepier Inn' or the 'White Bear'. Kepier Mill survived until 1870 when it was destroyed by fire. Of the hospital site itself, the gatehouse still remains intact, the mansion remains as ruins while the farmhouse remains in private use. The site is now a Scheduled Monument with grade I and grade II* listed building status. The West Range is included on English Heritage's Buildings At Risk register.
Many of the routes of travel between Kepier, Gilesgate and the hospitals lands at Caldecotes and Clifton - by now High Grange (in modern Gilesgate Moor) and Low Grange (in modern Carrville) - exist as public footpaths and bridleways. The Tithe Barn at High Grange, used to store Kepier's corn, remained until 1964.
[edit] References
- Meade, Dorothy M. Kepier Hospital. Turnstone Ventures, 1995. ISBN 0-946105-10-3
- English Heritage Buildings at Risk Register
[edit] External links
- British History entry on Kepier, including list of Masters of Kepier.
- English Heritage information about Medieval Hospitals
- North East History Pages on Kepier and Gilesgate
- Northern Echo Durham Memories article including Kepier estate under lay ownership, 22/10/04
- Northern Echo Durham Memories article on Gilesgate and Kepier, 25/04/03
- Northern Echo Durham Memories article on medieval farming around Durham, 05/09/03
- City Council Heritage Open Day leaflet (pdf)
